CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Breeding: Why did my goldfish die after just a few days?

The goldfish has a mouth in front of its head, two big round eyes on its head, a short and fat body, well-developed fins, and a large forked tail fin.

Goldfish, also known as "golden crucian carp", is an ornamental fish evolved from crucian carp. There are many varieties of goldfish, with colors including red, orange, purple, blue, black, silver, and colorful, and they are divided into three categories: Wen species, Long species, and Dan species.

Goldfish originated in my country. Genetic research on domestication of goldfish began in the 12th century. After a long period of breeding, the varieties have been continuously optimized. Now the goldfish in various countries around the world are introduced from my country directly or indirectly.

Goldfish are easy to raise, and their beautiful shapes can beautify the environment. They are very popular among people and are a unique ornamental fish in my country. Price: 1~100 yuan per piece.

Goldfish is an ornamental fish that Chinese people like to raise. It has a strange shape and bright colors. It can be said to be a natural living work of art, so it is loved by people. According to historical records and data from modern scientific experiments, scientists have found that goldfish originated from wild crucian carp, which is commonly eaten in my country. It first changed from a silver-gray wild crucian carp to a reddish-yellow golden crucian carp, and then after different periods of domestication, it gradually changed from a reddish-yellow golden crucian carp to various varieties of goldfish. As an ornamental fish, records of red crucian carp appeared as early as the Jin Dynasty in China (265-420). In the "release pond" of the Tang Dynasty, red and yellow crucian carp began to appear, and golden crucian carp began to appear in the Song Dynasty. People began to raise goldfish in ponds, and the colors of goldfish appeared in two types: white and spotted. In the Ming Dynasty, goldfish were moved into fish basins. In animal taxonomy, it is a bony fish belonging to the phylum Vertebrata, subphylum Cephala, jaws, class Pisces, subclass Eustomidae, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprinidae, and genus Carassius. Goldfish and crucian carp belong to the same species and have the same scientific name (Carassius auratus auratus).

Fish and humans have a very close relationship. As early as the Stone Age, people caught fish for food. More than 3,200 years ago, there were records of fish farming in China (according to oracle bones unearthed from Yinxu). Due to long-term fishing and fish farming, there were many opportunities to come into contact with fish, which means there were many opportunities to observe fish and learn more about them. Therefore, it is easy to find species that have mutated in wild fish, especially those that have turned golden or red, which are more likely to attract people's attention. At that time, people collectively called golden or red fish "goldfish". Li Shizhen, a great herbalist in the Ming Dynasty, wrote in his "Compendium of Materia Medica": "There are several species of carp, crucian carp and loach with golden dots, and loach is particularly rare. Only the golden crucian carp is durable and rarely known in ancient times...

From the above, we can see that there were originally four types of fish called "goldfish". "Golden crucian carp" refers to crucian carp whose color changed to yellow and red. Later, due to the independent breeding of golden crucian carp, the changes became more and more significant. Therefore, the name "goldfish" only represents the various variant varieties bred from golden crucian carp, that is, today's goldfish.

The hometown of goldfish is Jiaxing and Hangzhou in Zhejiang. Goldfish in various countries around the world were introduced from my country. According to the research of Japanese scholar Matsui Yoshikazu (1934), the earliest record of Chinese goldfish being introduced to Japan was in 1502. Goldfish were introduced to Britain in the late 17th century. By the middle of the 18th century, the double-tailed goldfish had spread to various European countries. It was introduced to the United States in 1874.

The external appearance of goldfish is very different from that of crucian carp, and there is almost no single trait that has not undergone variation. Its body variation includes body color, body shape, number of scales, scale shape, dorsal fin, pectoral fin, pelvic fin, anal fin, caudal fin, head shape, eyes, gill cover, nasal septum, etc. Here we mainly cite body color variation, head shape variation and eye variation.

Variation of body color

The various colors of goldfish are mainly produced by many pigmented skin cells (chromatophores) in the dermis. There are only three color components in goldfish: black chromatophores, orange-yellow chromatophores, and light blue reflective tissue. All of these components exist in wild crucian carp. The bright and varied body colors of domestic goldfish are nothing more than the re-combination and distribution of these three components, changes in intensity and density, or the disappearance of one, two, or three of them.

Variation of head shape

Breeders in various parts of my country divide head shapes into tiger head, lion head, goose head, tall head, hat and toad head. Among these head shapes, some are the same type, but have different names in different places. For example, what Beijing breeders call tiger head is called lion head in the south; what Beijing calls hat is called tall head or goose head in the south. Here, according to the naming of Professor Chen Zhen, head shapes are divided into three types: flat head, goose head and lion head.

1. Flat head type: The skin on the head is thin and smooth, which is called flat head type. There are narrow flat heads and wide flat heads.

2. Goose head type: The tumor on the top of the head is thick and protruding, while the gill covers on both sides are thin and smooth.

3. Lion head type: The tumors on the top of the head and the gill covers on both sides are thick and protruding, and when developed, they can even cover the eyes.

Variation of the eyes

It can be divided into normal eyes, dragon eyes, upturned eyes and blister eyes.

1. Normal eyes: Eyes that are the same size as those of wild crucian carp are called normal eyes.

2. Longan: The eyeball is excessively enlarged and partially protrudes out of the eye socket. This type of eye is called longan.

3. Chaotian Eyes: Chaotian Eyes are similar to Longyan, both are larger than normal eyes, and the eyeballs partially protrude from the eye sockets. The difference is that the pupils of Chaotian Eyes are turned 90 degrees upward and face the sky. There is also a type of Chaotian Eye with a translucent bubble on the outside, which is called Chaotian Bubble Eyes.

4. Blister eyes: The eye sockets of this type of eyes are as big as those of longan, but the eyeballs are as small as those of normal eyes. There are translucent bubbles of different sizes on the outside of the eyes. This type of eyes is called blister eyes. There is another type of eyes that is similar to blister eyes, but the translucent bubbles in the eye sockets are smaller, and only a small protrusion is formed on the belly of the eye sockets. From the surface, it looks like a frog's head, so it is called a frog head, and some people call it a toad head.

The types of organisms are not static. They can gradually evolve from a simple type to a variety of forms.

Types of feed for goldfish

Although goldfish is an omnivorous fish that has been completely domesticated by humans, it is the same as other fish such as crucian carp. Whether the feed is selected properly and whether the feeding is correct can directly affect the growth and development of goldfish, the depth and brightness of color, the appearance of characteristics, whether it is plump, the number of eggs laid, the hatching rate and the disease resistance of goldfish. Therefore, the feed of goldfish must contain nutritious protein, fat, carbohydrates, various vitamins and a certain amount of inorganic salts and trace elements. For example: Under the same other conditions, those who can feed enough fresh and live bloodworms every day will grow and develop very large, especially the lion head, blister and other characteristics (referring to tumors and blisters) are more developed. This may be because bloodworms contain a lot of animal protein, fat, carbohydrates and other rich nutrients.

1. Animal feed

Animal feed is one of the most nutritious feeds that goldfish like to eat. There are many varieties, the most common ones are:

1) Fish worms (commonly known as red worms, water fleas)

It is a kind of zooplankton that breeds in sewage ponds, pools, and rivers. It is the common name for various water fleas. Its size varies. Like red spider worms, its body color is blood red and its body is small. It is not only rich in nutrition, but also feeds on phytoplankton, which is beneficial to purify water quality. Therefore, goldfish that are properly fed with fresh red worms (not excessive) grow faster than those fed with other substitute feeds, have bright colors, and have a correspondingly lower incidence of fish diseases.

2) Sword water flea, with a bluish-gray body (commonly known as blue flea)

It belongs to the copepods among crustaceans. Its advantages are strong vitality, fast swimming, and can survive for several days. But its disadvantage is that it is small in size. If it is used to feed old parents of several years old, they will be more difficult to prey because they swim fast. Moreover, the sword water flea can bite small fry. Therefore, when feeding sword water fleas, it is best to scald them with boiling water.

3) Paramecium (commonly known as grey water)

It is the common name for several protozoa in plankton. For example, Paramecium can be cultivated with rice straw and is most suitable for feeding newly hatched fish fry. Rotifers are multicellular animals (i.e. composed of many cells), such as the turtle rotifer, water rotifer, column rotifer, bubble rotifer, etc.

4) The larvae of the mosquito larvae Chironomids (called bloodworms in the south and oil worms in the north)

It is the larvae of Chironomids, and its body color is blood red, so it is named bloodworms. It is rich in nutrients and relatively expensive. It is not easy to preserve and needs to be refrigerated. Generally, enthusiasts freeze it directly and then feed it to fish.

5) Earthworms

There are many kinds of earthworms, and goldfish love to eat them the most. They are rich in protein, fat and vitamins. They usually live on the surface of fertile rivers or flowing sewer sludge, with one end sticking into the sludge and the other end swinging with the water. They are small, soft, bright red or dark red, and easy to be swallowed by goldfish, but they must be rinsed repeatedly before feeding. If conditions permit, they must be kept for a few days until the earthworms spit out the mud before feeding.

2. Plant-based feed

Of course, animal feed is the most ideal for goldfish. However, in the case of lack of animal feed due to various reasons, plant feed can be an emergency or life-sustaining supplementary feed. Common ones include duckweed and water grass, among which duckweed is one of the smallest species of seed plants. The plant body has no rhizomes and is as small as sand, and the nutritional content is also good. Another type is small duckweed, which has a thin filamentous root. Goldfish will also eat it when they are hungry. Generally, only larger goldfish can be fed with it, but not too much. Before feeding, carefully check for pests and eggs, or soak it in a low-concentration potassium permanganate solution for a while before feeding, otherwise it is easy to bring in bacteria and pests.

3. Synthetic feed

To develop a large-scale goldfish breeding industry, catching natural bait fish and insects alone cannot meet the needs. In addition to developing artificial fish and insects, it is also necessary to develop the production of compound pellet feeds and supply them to the market. On the one hand, it can solve the feed source of the breeding farms, and on the other hand, it can also meet the needs of goldfish lovers to raise goldfish at home. With artificial feed, it is much more convenient to raise goldfish at home.

Formulated granular feed requires a complete range of nutrients to meet the needs of goldfish's growth and development. The main ingredients should include five categories: protein, carbohydrates, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins.

1. Protein is the main component of the goldfish's body. Its function in the body is to grow new tissues, repair old tissues, and is also a component of heat energy supply. There must be enough protein in the bait to promote the rapid growth of goldfish.

2. Sugar is the main substance of heat energy in goldfish and is the main feed ingredient for goldfish.

3. Fat is the food with the highest heat storage capacity. Its physiological function is the same as sugar, which is to oxidize in the body to provide energy. Generally speaking, if there is a lack of fat in the feed, goldfish will grow slowly and be small, which will reduce the fish's endurance to low temperature and hypoxia, and easily cause death during the winter; too much fat will cause the fish to be too fat, which will hinder the development of gonads.

4. Inorganic salts are the main elements that make up the skeleton, such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Fish blood and muscles also contain a certain amount of calcium and phosphorus. A certain amount of calcium in feed can promote digestion and help absorb fat and phosphorus. In addition to obtaining calcium and phosphorus from feed, goldfish can also penetrate calcium and phosphorus in water into the body through the skin and gills. Goldfish also need trace elements such as iron, copper, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and diamond. Without these elements, they will grow slowly and develop diseases. In order to ensure the normal growth of goldfish, these elements should be contained in the feed.

5. Vitamins are also necessary for the growth of goldfish. Long-term vitamin deficiency will cause the fish to be stunted, grow slowly or stop completely, and even produce deformities, and reduce resistance to adverse external environments and various fish diseases. Lack of vitamin A will cause the color fins to break, the fish's pigment to disappear, and the body color to become lighter and less bright; lack of vitamin E will cause the gonads to be stunted or not developed, and the resistance to aquatic fungi will be greatly reduced. Adding a small amount of vitamin B12 to the feed can promote growth.

Correct feeding time and method

The feeding time of goldfish, whether it is feeding live feed or artificial feed, must master the following principles:

1. Feed only 1-2 times a day, and the amount fed each time should be eaten within 1-2 hours. If the weather and water quality are normal, the amount of food fed can be increased appropriately for fish species with strong vitality.

2. Feeding time should be early in spring and summer, generally around 6-7 in the morning, when the sun starts to shine and the fish pond (tank) is warm. In late autumn and winter, feeding time can be a little later, generally around 7-8 o'clock, and even around 10 o'clock in the cold winter. But avoid feeding a lot in the evening. Even if the fish are obviously looking for food, it is better to feed a small amount around 3 o'clock in the afternoon. After November, the water temperature drops significantly, and the appetite of goldfish tends to decrease, so it is not suitable to feed in the evening.

3. As the goldfish grows, the amount of food should be gradually increased appropriately, but it should not be blindly fed, especially artificial feed, which should be strictly controlled. For family fish farming, the daily amount can be divided into 1-2 times to avoid feeding too much feed at one time, which will accumulate in the pond (tank) and deteriorate the water quality.

How to change the water for goldfish

Goldfish breeders have long had the experience of "raising water first before raising fish", which shows that the quality of water will directly affect the normal growth and development of goldfish. The purpose of changing water is to remove dirt (garbage, fish feces, leftover feed, stale impurities) in the water, keep the water clean, adjust the water temperature, and increase oxygen in the water, thereby stimulating the growth and development of goldfish.

If you want to raise goldfish well, you must have a preliminary understanding of fish water:

1. Raw water

Refers to tap water or well water that has just been released and has not been aired. The water temperature is often quite different from the water temperature in the fish pond (tank), and it contains more chlorine, which is extremely harmful to goldfish.

2. New water

It is tap water, well water, or spring water that has been dried and left to settle for about 2-3 days, and has a clean water temperature equal to or similar to that of the water in the fish pond (tank).

3. Chen Shui

It is the dirty water at the bottom of the fish pond (tank) containing feces and dirt, including the feeding water in the pond (tank) that has not been changed for a long time.

4. Old water

It is a general term for the clean water in the fish pond (tank) that is light green, green, old green or green-brown. The light green water is the best. There are more green algae floating in the old water, which are also a good supplementary feed for goldfish. There is less organic matter in this water that has been decomposed and more dissolved oxygen. Fish are often raised in light green and clean old water. The fish raised in this water have the strongest appetite, strong body, bright color and fast growth.

5. Return clean water

If you find that the old green water in the pond (tank) suddenly turns into clear water, and many green algae settle at the bottom of the tank, this phenomenon is called returning to clear water. This kind of water is easy to cause fish diseases and needs to be replaced completely.

(I) Under normal water changes, especially in hot summer, you only need to use a hose to gently suck out 1/10-1/5 of the feces and dirt at the bottom of the fish pond (tank) along with the stale water, remove the dust and floating feces on the water surface, and then slowly inject new water of equal temperature along the wall of the pond (tank) to keep the water clean. This water change method is not easy to hurt the fish, the method is simple and safe, and is most suitable for home fish tanks or small pond fish breeders.

(II) Partial water change This water change method is mainly carried out in two situations. One situation is in the hot summer and early autumn, when the water in the fish pond (tank) has been changed for only a few days and the water color turns green very quickly (due to insufficient feed), and the water quality is still clean, in order to prevent the goldfish from scalding their tails, all the goldfish in the pond (tank) can be taken out, and then the water in the pond (tank) can be rotated in a spiral shape. After it is still for a while, 1/3-1/2 of the dirt and stale water in the center of the pond (tank) can be sucked out with a rubber tube, and then new water of equal temperature and volume can be injected, and the goldfish can be taken back to the original pond (tank) for breeding.

Another situation is that the water in the pool (tank) has been changed only a few days ago, and the water color is still good, but because of excessive feeding that day, the fish appear to float, and emergency measures must be taken. The method of changing water is the same as mentioned above.

If it is a large fish pond in a fish farm, there is no need to scoop the goldfish out. Instead, use a foldable net to surround the fish and gently rotate the water in the pond with the net for tens of seconds. Wait for the water to stand still for a while and then open the drain gate to slowly release the water or use a straw to remove excess fish worms, feces and stale water in the center of the pond (tank), or use a fish net bag to scoop out excess fish worms from the center, then release 1/4-1/2 of the stale water, and finally inject an equal amount of new water of the same temperature. This method is commonly used in fish farms or families as an emergency method when too much food is fed.

(III) Complete water change This water change is often combined with turning the pond (tank) and selecting young fish or adult fish. It is often used when the water quality is seriously deteriorating or moss is too long, and the fish are too dense. There are two specific methods:

1. If there is no spare pool, you have to put all the goldfish into a basin or put the net cage into the water of the adjacent pool for temporary storage, and add an aerator to the basin or net cage to increase oxygen. Then, brush off the moss on the wall of the original pool, rinse it thoroughly, refill with new water of the same temperature, let it stand for a while until the water temperature is equal, and then put the fish into the original pool (tank).

2. If there is an empty pool and new water, just scoop all the goldfish into a basin or net cage, select and handle them separately, and move the goldfish into the new water for breeding after the water temperature is equal for the pools that need to be divided. This water change method should pay special attention to the water temperature, and it is best to choose a sunny morning before 9 o'clock. However, this method is generally only suitable for adult fish or larger young fish, and it is not suitable for fry. If conditions permit, before completely changing the water, you can first fill the spare pool (tank) with water, and then scoop the fish directly into the spare pool (tank). In this way, the water temperature changes little, and the fish can easily adapt to the new environment, so that the fish will not suffer from being squeezed in the basin or net cage. This water change method is generally carried out once every half a month in spring and autumn. In summer, when the weather is hot and the water temperature is as high as 28℃ or above, the water color is very easy to be dark and the water quality is very easy to be turbid, and the water should be completely changed once every 5-7 days. In winter, the water temperature drops to around 4℃, goldfish move slowly, their appetite decreases, and the water quality is not easy to deteriorate. Unless there are special circumstances, all the water is generally not changed.

How to tell the gender of goldfish

Male and female goldfish can be distinguished mainly from the following aspects:

1. Differences in external appearance:

(1) Differences in body shape: Male goldfish are generally slightly longer, while female goldfish are shorter and rounder. During the fertilization period, the abdomen of female goldfish is more swollen than that of male goldfish.

(2) Difference in caudal peduncle: The male is slightly thicker than the female.

(3) Differences in pectoral fins: Careful observation reveals that the pectoral fins of male fish are slightly longer and pointed, and the first spine of the pectoral fin is thicker and harder; while the pectoral fins of female fish are short and round, and the first spine of the pectoral fin is not very hard.

(4) Difference in cloaca: When looking upward from the belly, the cloaca of male fish is small, narrow and concave; while the cloaca of female fish is large, slightly round and convex.

(2) Difference in color: The body color of male and female goldfish is slightly different. Male fish are generally brightly colored, while female fish are slightly lighter. During the reproductive and development period, the body color of male fish is brighter.

(III) Feeling and movement: Use your hand to gently support the fish's abdomen. The middle and ring fingers will feel a distinct hard line on the abdomen of male fish, while the abdomen of female fish is softer. When walking by the fish pond, stomp your feet and observe. Male fish swim fast and agilely, while female fish move slower.

(IV) Stars: As the temperature rises, goldfish will show a second characteristic during the spawning period - stars. This is the easiest and most accurate time to distinguish the sex of goldfish, and it is also the easiest method to master. The stars of male fish appear on the first spine of the pectoral fin and the edge of the gill cover. Sometimes, there are stars on every fin ray of the entire pectoral fin. The front one is obvious, and the back one needs to be carefully observed. This rough little white spot is the star.

In addition to using the above identification methods, one must also rely on many years of breeding experience and careful observation to accurately distinguish the gender of goldfish.

“Goldfish” virus: alert level ★★★, a backdoor virus, mainly spreads through the local area network, and depends on the system: WIN9X/NT/2000/XP.

After the virus runs, it will copy itself to the SYSDIR directory and name it TASKCFG.EXE, then create a new folder "ime" in the SYSTEM directory and copy itself multiple times to the directory. The virus will modify the registry to start itself with the system, and will set the data item "DisableRegistryTools" to 1 to prohibit users from using registry editing tools, making it more difficult for users to remove the virus.

The virus will also search the registry to find the CD-KEY of Red Alert 2, FIFA 2003, CS and other software. The virus itself comes with a very large password dictionary, which will exhaustively guess the LPC password and then infect other machines in the LAN. Therefore, users are advised to set their system administrator password as complex as possible. The virus will set a backdoor in the system to facilitate remote attackers to control the infected machine, posing a great threat to user security.

Anti-virus experts recommend: Develop good security habits, do not open suspicious emails and websites; shut down or delete unnecessary services in the system; many viruses spread through loopholes, so be sure to patch the system in a timely manner; install professional anti-virus software for real-time monitoring, and be sure to turn on the real-time monitoring function of the anti-virus software when surfing the Internet.

It's because you change the water frequently! Goldfish can't have their water changed frequently, because it takes time for the fish to adapt to the new water. Frequent water changes will make the goldfish feel uncomfortable. Generally, it's enough to change the water once a week. Also, you must put a dechlorinator in the water, because the residual chlorine in the water is toxic to fish. Dechlorinators are available in aquarium stores.

The tap water at home contains a lot of chlorine, so you need to let it sit for a while before giving it to goldfish.

Or maybe you just overfed it.

Actually, you don't need to change the water frequently when raising goldfish. You only need to change it once a week. Also, you can put a small cup of warm water in it from time to time. This way, it won't be so sensitive. My goldfish is now in better shape than anything else. This is the goldfish I have kept for the longest time. You don't need to feed it often.

Too much bait