CATDOLL : CATDOLL: The profit and cost of eel farming. What is the prospect of eel farming?

1. Profits and costs of eel farming What is the prospect of eel farming?

Let's calculate the economic benefits of eel farming with a 10-square-meter breeding pond. The construction cost of a 10-square-meter breeding pond is about 200 yuan, and 20 kilograms of eel cubs can be purchased, each weighing less than one tael, which costs 400 yuan. After six months of breeding, the weight can increase by more than 4 times, so 20 kilograms can increase to 80 kilograms. The cost of feed for half a year of breeding is about 500 yuan, and the cost of medicine and other expenses is 100 yuan, totaling 1,200 yuan. However, the selling price of eels in winter can reach 40 yuan per kilogram, multiplied by 80, which is 3,200 yuan. Even after deducting the cost, there is still a profit of 2,000 yuan. In this way, a farmer can easily achieve an annual income of more than 100,000 yuan by building a 500-square-meter breeding pond. Such a good business even makes me laugh! So how can we breed eels well? First of all, the pond should be built in a sunny place with hard soil.



There are two main types of breeding ponds: mud and cement. Of course, there is also a brick one, but it is too expensive and is not recommended. If you want to build a larger breeding pond, cement is the best choice, with an area of ​​15 square meters and a depth of about one meter. Small holes need to be set on the wall of the pond to facilitate the entry of eels. The bottom needs to be paved with pond mud about 30 cm and 10-15 cm of water. The inlet and outlet should be set on the water surface and placed with a fine net to escape. Various aquatic plants such as duckweed and water hyacinth can be cultivated on the water surface, which can be used as a cool place for eels. April to August every year is the spawning season for eels. At this time, you can go to the place where eels spawn and catch them with gauze nets, and put them in a small pond or water tank for hatching. After the seedlings are born, they can be fed with egg yolks, minced meat, etc., and they can grow to about 20 grams that year. In the early spring of the second year, they can be put into the eel pond for breeding. Eels like to eat live food and are very good at eating.



When feeding them artificially, earthworms and mussel meat are very good feeds, and lights can be used to lure various insects into the pond. If you need to change the feed, you need to starve them for two days first, so that they will not be picky when feeding. Yellow eels are used to hiding during the day and coming out at night, so the first feeding should be in the evening, and the time can be gradually advanced in the future. In addition, the feeding location also needs to be fixed in one place. Pay attention to changing the pond water on the second day of feeding to maintain sufficient dissolved oxygen.



The growth rate of the eel is very slow, and it will hibernate when the water temperature is below 10 degrees. The period from spring to winter is the peak season for the growth of eels, so you must grasp the time and pay attention to management. After winter, the pond water needs to be dried up, and then covered with straw to keep out the cold, but not too thick to prevent the eel from suffocating. The natural enemy of the eel is ducks, so during the eel's growth cycle, ducks must never be allowed to enter the eel pond. If the summer is too hot, the eel pond needs to be shaded and cooled to prevent the eel from heatstroke. In addition, you can raise some toads in the pond to prevent the eel from getting sick.

2. Since yellow eel has high profit margin, many people breed it. What are the key points of yellow eel breeding technology?

Breeding land is one of the most basic conditions for raising eels. If there is no suitable breeding land, don't talk about raising eels. Eel farms generally need at least 50 acres of scale, followed by water injection system, drainage system, heating and cooling system, oxygen generator, eel pond, etc. In addition, the water source near the breeding farm must be abundant, pollution-free, and convenient for electricity and transportation. Water is the first element of aquaculture. It consists of two aspects: water quality and quantity.

The water supply should be sufficient. Deep well water is usually used in eel farming. Generally speaking, the water output of deep well water in a 2,000 square meter farm should not be less than 60 tons/hour. The water temperature should not be lower than 24°C to reduce heat energy consumption; gravity irrigation is the best water source for land eel ponds. Electricity should ensure sufficient capacity and reliable normal supply of power grid and self-contained power supply system. Generally speaking, there are four types of eel ponds: first, second, third and edible. The shape of the pond is generally circular or oval, the drainage outlets are relatively crossed, and anti-escape facilities are set up, and the food shed is set on the sunny and favorable side of the pond.

In order to raise white eels well, the preparation work before breeding should take into account the needs of breeding, and it is necessary to make long-term development plans and pay attention to details, which is not only conducive to the later breeding management, but also conducive to improving breeding efficiency. Diet: Eels mainly feed at night, and the staple food of adult fish is animal bait. Black eels mainly feed on organic debris, zooplankton, and aquatic insects. Eels weighing about 5 grams begin to prey on fish, and small eels weighing 100 grams mainly prey on fish and shrimp. The water temperature for feeding is above 12℃, that is, from March to November, with greater intensity from June to July and September to October.

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When breeding, you must choose healthy fish fry, pay attention to the breeding density, and then pay attention to the appropriate feed feeding. You must replace water resources in time and should also be equipped with an aerator. During the breeding process, you can choose pond breeding. The time for stocking should be chosen in April or May, and the water temperature should be controlled between 40 and 55 degrees.

The technical key points of breeding are to create a good environment for eels during breeding, disinfect and sterilize the water source to ensure the cleanliness of the water source, and also to breed other fish in the water to provide feed for the eels.

It is necessary to ensure that the scale of the fish farm is large, and pay attention to the investment in drainage systems, cooling systems, and oxygen generators. It is necessary to ensure that there is sufficient water around the fish farm, that it is clean and pollution-free, and the water temperature cannot be lower than 25℃.

You must change the water frequently. Do not keep the white eel together with other fish. Feed the fish with good fish food or good dried fish. Keep it exposed to the sun regularly.

3. Which one is more profitable, frog farming or eel farming?

Of course it is the eel, which has a good price and good sales. Of course, it takes several years of experience to raise both of them well.

4. How to raise eels?

The method of raising eels is:

Choose high-quality seedlings. For rapid eel farming, you should choose species that are dark yellow with large black spots, free of disease and injury, sensitive, and have strong fighting and escaping abilities.

Reasonable density. In conventional breeding, the most reasonable stocking density is about 2 kg for individuals weighing about 50 grams per square meter. At the same time, the stocking density can be increased in eel ponds with many ridges (such as ridge-ditch eel ponds), many aquatic plants, convenient water changes, and thorough sewage discharge; otherwise, it should be reduced. The total stocking weight of yellow eels can be increased if the size is large; the total stocking amount should be reduced if the size is small. Experienced breeders have a high stocking density; inexperienced breeders have a low stocking density.

The size of eels is graded and divided into different ponds. If large and small eels are raised together in the same pond or cage, the overall weight gain multiple is low, that is, the overall growth rate is slow and the benefits are poor. Generally, the "bulk goods" purchased must be raised in at least three grades. The more grades there are, the more conducive it is to breeding and overall rapid weight gain.

Eel farming has become a relatively large industry in China. According to relevant data, there are more than 20 counties and cities in China with an annual output value of more than 100 million yuan from eel farming. Without relatively lucrative profits, it would be impossible for so many people to engage in eel farming.

Normally, if you invest 20,000 yuan in raising eels, you can raise about 30-40 cages, and the annual profit is generally around 20,000 yuan.

Raising eels has high economic benefits, but it is also a high-risk project, and its main risk is technical risk. If no one in the local area has raised eels well, in order to reduce the risk, it is recommended to find a more reliable place to systematically learn the technical experience of raising eels before starting. Eels are fish of the genus Monopterus in the family Synbranchidae, also known as eels, snakes, snake fish, and blood eels.

Yellow eel lives at the bottom of water bodies and likes to live in caves. They often dig caves at the bottom of water or on embankments of lakes, rivers, ponds, ditches and rice fields. The length of yellow eel caves is about 3 times the length of the body, and the caves are curved and crossed. There are usually more than two caves along each cave. The cave exit is often close to the water surface so that it can stick its head out to breathe air. The activity habit of yellow eel is to hide during the day and come out at night, that is, lie quietly in the cave during the day and go out of the cave to find food at night. It can be caught at night based on this habit. The gills of yellow eel are in a degenerate state, and it mainly relies on the epidermis and auxiliary respiratory organs to breathe oxygen directly from the air. Therefore, it can live normally in water with very low oxygen content. Based on this, the density of artificial breeding can be increased. The surface of yellow eel is rich in mucus, so as long as the surface of the body is kept moist, it will not die, so it is very convenient to transport.

The diet of the eel is mainly benthic animal food, such as water earthworms, snails, clams, tadpoles, small fish and shrimps, etc. In addition, it also eats some rotten debris, algae, melons and vegetables.

There are many special features in the reproduction habits of the yellow eel. The reproductive glands of female yellow eels are different in size, with the right side being well developed and the left side degenerating. Generally, fish can reach sexual maturity at the age of 2. The biggest feature of yellow eel reproduction is the phenomenon of "sex reversal". From the embryonic period to the first sexual maturity, it is a female individual. After spawning, the ovary gradually becomes a testis. At the second sexual maturity, sperm is discharged, and then it is a male for life. If the length of the yellow eel is divided, those with a body length of less than 22 cm are all female; about 36 cm, the number of male and female individuals is half each; individuals over 53 cm are all male. The spawning period of the yellow eel is from April to August, and the number of eggs is relatively small, generally about 500. When spawning, the parent fish often spits foam at the entrance of the cave where they live, and the eggs are laid at the roots of aquatic plants or between the cracks of rocks near the entrance. The foam has the function of retaining the eggs. The fertilized eggs usually hatch into young fish in about 8 days. About 12 days after hatching, the young fish can actively swim and forage for food. During this period, the young fish rely on the protection of the male and female parents and the nutrition of the yolk sac.

The growth of eels is relatively slow. A one-year-old fish can grow to 20 cm, a two-year-old fish can grow to 30 cm, and a three-year-old fish can grow to 40 cm. The growth rate of artificially cultivated eels is related to whether there is enough bait. When there is enough bait, they generally grow faster than in nature.

The activity of the eel is closely related to the water temperature, and the suitable water temperature for its growth is 15-30℃. When the water temperature is below 10℃, it stops eating and goes into hibernation; when the water temperature rises to above 15℃, it starts to hunt normally; when the water temperature exceeds 30℃, it burrows into caves to spend the summer.

1. Still water pond breeding method

The characteristics of breeding in still water ponds are small water exchange volume, mud at the bottom of the pond for eels to dig holes or artificial objects for eels to live in.

The location of the breeding pond should be leeward and sunny, with a good water source. The shape can be rectangular or oval, and the size depends on the breeding scale. There are two types of pond structures: cement pond and earth pond. Cement ponds usually have three types: above-ground, underground and semi-underground. The water temperature of above-ground cement ponds varies greatly with the seasons, which is not good for eel breeding. Underground and semi-underground types are more commonly used. The construction of earth ponds should choose a location with hard soil. It is best to lay a layer of tarpaulin on the bottom and wall of the pond, and the edges and corners should be laid tightly, and then lay 20 cm (pool wall) and 10 cm (pool bottom) of soil on the tarpaulin. In this way, it can prevent pool water leakage and prevent eels from digging holes and escaping. Whether it is a cement pond or an earth pond, it must be equipped with good inlet and outlet facilities. The diameter of the inlet and outlet pipes is 4 to 10 cm, and plastic nets or wire meshes are installed at the ports in the pond to prevent escape.

After the eel pond is built, it is necessary to fill it with water to clean it. There are two purposes: one is to see if it leaks; the other is to use water to absorb and remove harmful substances in cement and mortar. The new pond is filled and drained 3 to 5 times, and each time it is soaked for 2 to 3 days, which can basically remove harmful substances. After 10 days, 20 to 30 cm thick fertilizer mud is laid on the bottom of the drained pond. The fertilizer mud is made by mixing grass, manure, and soil and then fermenting. After the fertilizer mud on the bottom of the pond is laid, aquatic plants such as water lilies, water peanuts, and water hyacinths are planted in the pond to cool the eel pond and hide and inhabit for the eels. The water depth of the eel pond should be kept at 10 cm, and should not exceed 20 cm at most.

7 days before the release of eel fry, the fish pond should be cleaned and disinfected, and 0.2 kg of quicklime per square meter of water surface should be evenly sprinkled throughout the pond. After disinfection, fill the entire pond with clean water. When releasing eel fry, the water temperature in the eel fry transport container and the water temperature in the fish pond should not differ too much (3-5℃). The stocking density of eels is determined by factors such as the size of the eel fry, the feeding and management conditions, and the amount of feed sources. Generally, when raising yellow eels in small fish ponds, it is better to release 2-5 kg ​​of eel fry per square meter. If the scale of stocking is large, the number can be reduced accordingly, and if the scale of stocking is small, the number can be increased accordingly. If there is enough feed, more can be released, and if there is insufficient feed, less can be released. Because yellow eels have the habit of eating small ones and killing each other, they should be released in different ponds of large and small scales when releasing. Be sure to select eel fry with strong physique, no injuries or diseases, and neat specifications for release, and avoid mixing large and small eels. The best scale for stocking is that each eel fry weighs about 20 grams. Too small or too large is not good. When raising eels at a high density in a fish pond, it is the same as when transporting them. When stocking eel fry, some loaches should also be properly stocked. When loaches move up and down, they can increase the dissolved oxygen in the water and prevent the eels from entangled with each other.

Different feeds should be fed to eels at different growth stages to ensure their nutritional needs. For seedlings that have just hatched for 4 to 5 days, they are mainly fed with water fleas, cooked egg yolks, soy milk, etc. Among them, live water fleas and live rotifers cultured in water are the best. Therefore, the water quality should be fertilized at this time so that there are sufficient water fleas and rotifers in the fish pond for the eel seedlings to eat. If the stocking density of eel seedlings is large, they can also be cultivated in another pond or water fleas can be fished out from natural waters for the eel seedlings to eat. Later, as the eels grow up, they can be gradually fed with earthworms, snails and clams. At the same time, some plant feeds should be matched, such as wheat bran, rice, fruits, vegetables, etc. Among the feeds, earthworms have the best feeding effect, and every 5 to 6 grams of fresh earthworms can increase 1 gram of eel meat. In addition to collecting earthworms in the wild, earthworms can also be raised and bred in garbage and feces in front of and behind houses to supply the eels. Four fixed points should be adhered to when feeding. When the eel grows in nature, it has the habit of hiding during the day and coming out at night to forage. When it is first raised, it can be fed in the evening every day, and then the feeding time can be gradually advanced. After about 10 days of domestication, it can be fed three times a day at 9 am, 2 pm and 6 pm to ensure that the eel has sufficient food. Each feeding should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature and the amount of residual bait. Generally, 5% of the total weight of the eel is fed.

2. Eel farming in running water

Compared with conventional earth pond eel farming, running water eel farming has the advantages of less land occupation, higher stocking density, faster growth, higher yield, easier management and easier catching, etc. Especially in places with geothermal water or factory waste water, using warm running water to raise yellow eels has better benefits.

It is best to build a fish pond without soil and water indoors, and build it with cement bricks. The area of ​​the pond is generally 2 to 5 square meters, and the height of the pond wall is about 50 cm. Several ponds can be connected in series. Each pond is equipped with inlet and outlet holes (two upper and lower drain holes), and the openings are blocked with mesh covers. And set up a total water inlet channel and a drainage channel between every two rows of ponds. After the cement pool is built, close the total drain hole, and then fill it with water and soak it for more than 7 days to eliminate the floating dust of the cement. After the water is drained, fill it with clean water. Close the lower drain hole and only open the upper drain hole to keep the pool water at a certain depth and have micro-flowing water. If geothermal water or power plant cooling water is used, the water temperature must be artificially controlled according to the temperature at the time so that the yellow eel can grow well at a suitable temperature. In order to prevent the eel species from being infected with diseases, the eel species should be soaked in a 10 mg/L malachite green solution for 30 minutes before being released, and the eel species should be placed in the cement pool in time after disinfection. 4 to 5 kilograms can be placed per square meter. In order to make the eels accustomed to artificial feeding, they can be domesticated, that is, they are not fed for 2 to 3 days after being released, so that the eels are in an empty stomach state. When the eels are hungry, their feeding rate of artificial feed is higher. The animal and plant feeds should be properly matched in the feed, and artificial compound granular feeds can also be fed. Due to the continuous supply of micro-flowing water, especially warm water with geothermal water and waste water, the eels can grow all year round, and the annual output per hectare can be as high as 150,000 kilograms or more. Although the infrastructure investment in cement pools in this breeding method is relatively large, the economic benefits are very considerable due to the high output. Areas with conditions can adopt it according to local conditions.

3. Eel and earthworm breeding

1. Build a pool

Choose a place with perennial water flow to build a pool. The pool is a cement pool with an area of ​​30, 50, or 80 square meters. The pool wall is 80 to 100 centimeters high. The water inlet and outlet are set at the diagonal position, and all are equipped with anti-escape equipment.

2. Pile up soil

Several soil ridges with a width of 1.5 and a thickness of 25 cm are piled up in the pond. The distance between the ridges is 20 cm, and the distance between the ridges and the pond wall is also 20 cm. The soil piled up must contain loam rich in organic matter, so that earthworms can reproduce and eels can burrow and hide.

3. Cultivate earthworms

After the soil is piled up, the water depth in the pond is maintained at 5 to 10 centimeters. Then, 2.5 to 3 kilograms of Taiping No. 2 earthworm seeds are placed per square meter of soil area, and 4 to 5 centimeters of fermented cow dung is spread on the surface of the ridge to allow the earthworms to reproduce. Every 3 to 4 days, the upper layer of cow dung eaten by the earthworms is scraped off, and 4 to 5 kilograms of new fermented cow dung is spread per square meter. After about 14 days, the earthworms will reproduce in large numbers, and eel seeds can be added.

4. Stocking

The stocking density depends on the size of the eel species. Calculated based on the entire pond area, if there are 30 to 40 eels per kilogram, 4 kilograms per square meter are put; if there are 40 to 50 eels per kilogram, 3 kilograms per square meter are put. In this way, the survival rate is above 90% from April to November, and the size is 6 to 10 eels per kilogram.

5. Management

After the eels are put in, the water depth in the pond is kept at about 10 cm, and the water is kept flowing slightly. After that, a layer of cow dung is scraped off every 3 to 4 days, and then 4 to 5 kg of fermented new cow dung is added per square meter to ensure that the earthworms continue to reproduce and the eels feed on the soil themselves without feeding other feeds.

This breeding method has good water quality and excellent live bait - earthworms for eels to eat, so eels are not easy to get sick, grow fast, have high yields, and good economic benefits. Generally, 14 to 15 thousand eels can be produced per square meter.

1. Choose a pond with good water quality, no pollution source, and little external interference. Use bamboo to build a support in the pond and fix the four corners of the net cage on the support. Set up a feeding table in each net cage. Because yellow eels have the habit of cannibalizing each other, the stocking specifications are basically the same, generally 20 to 50 grams per tail.

2. The stocking time of eels should be chosen in April, May, or August to September to avoid the sexual maturity and reproduction period of eels from mid-May to July. The most suitable temperature for the growth of eels is 24 to 28 degrees Celsius.

3. Feeding should be done at regular times. Eels hide during the day and come out at night. It is best to feed them between 6 and 8 p.m. The feed should be fresh and must not be spoiled by mold. The feed should be washed before feeding, and then soaked in 3 to 5 grams of salt per cubic meter of water for 10-20 minutes, and then rinsed with clean water before feeding. Generally, small freshwater fish are selected, and the daily amount of feed is 3%-5% of the total weight of the eels in the cage.

4. When feeding artificially, the eels are fed a large amount of feed, and the feces discharged by the eels are easy to pollute the water quality, so new water should be added frequently to keep the water fresh. Change the water every 7 to 10 days in spring and every 3 to 5 days in summer.

The cages must also be disinfected regularly, using 10 grams of bleach per cubic meter of water and spraying it throughout the pond.

5. After stocking, a proper amount of loach can be stocked in the cages. The habit of loach to swim up and down can be used to divert and increase oxygen, and can also eliminate the residual bait of eels. A certain amount of silver carp can be stocked in the pond to adjust the water quality.

Clean the cages in time, remove excess debris and attached algae, and keep the water exchange inside and outside the cages unobstructed. Plant water plants, preferably water hyacinth and water peanuts in the cages to provide a good place for the eels to grow and live. When transplanting water peanuts, it is best to remove the roots, wash them, and soak them in 5% salt water for about 10 minutes to prevent leeches and other harmful organisms from being brought into the cage with the grass.