CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Why are there so many different looks of goldfish?

Why are there so many different looks of goldfish?

In the wild, goldfish are green-brown or gray, but there are various goldfish mutations, including black, colorful, golden, white, silvery white, triple-tailed, dragon-eyed, or no dorsal fin. Centuries of selection and breeding of such abnormal individuals have produced more than 125 varieties of goldfish.

Omnivorous, feeding on plants and small animals. In captivity, they also eat small crustaceans, and can be supplemented with chopped mosquito larvae, grains, and other foods. Spawning occurs in spring and summer, and as the season approaches, the body color begins to become brighter, the abdomen of the female fish swells, and pinhead-sized chasms may appear on the gill cover, back, and pectoral fins of the male fish. The eggs are attached to aquatic plants and hatch in about a week. Ornamental goldfish have been known to live as long as 25 years, but the average lifespan is much shorter. In many parts of the eastern United States, goldfish that escaped from park and garden ponds have become wild. In the wild, they regain their original color and can grow from 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) in a basin to 30 centimeters.

Goldfish is an ornamental fish that Chinese people like to raise. With its strange shape and brilliant colors, it can be said to be a natural living work of art, and therefore it is loved by people. According to historical records and data from modern scientific experiments, scientists have found that goldfish originated from wild crucian carp, which is commonly eaten in my country. It first changed from silver-gray wild crucian carp to red-yellow golden crucian carp, and then after different periods of domestication, it gradually changed from red-yellow golden crucian carp to various varieties of goldfish.

As an ornamental fish, records of red crucian carp have been found as early as the Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD) in China. In the "release ponds" of the Tang Dynasty, red and yellow crucian carp began to appear, and golden crucian carp began to appear in the Song Dynasty. People began to raise goldfish in ponds, and the colors of goldfish appeared in white and spotted. In the Ming Dynasty, goldfish were moved into fish bowls. In animal taxonomy, it is a bony fish belonging to the phylum Vertebrata, subphylum Cephala, jawed, class Pisces, subclass Eustomidae, order Cypriniformes, family Cyprinidae, subfamily Cyprininae, genus Carassius. Goldfish and crucian carp belong to the same species and have the same scientific name (Carassius auratus).

The color of goldfish is due to the many pigmented skin cells (chromatophores) in the dermis.

Goldfish have only three color components: black pigment cells, orange-yellow pigment cells, and light blue reflective tissue. All of these components exist in wild crucian carp. The bright and varied body colors of domestic goldfish are simply the result of the re-combination and distribution of these three components, changes in intensity and density, or the disappearance of one, two, or three of them.

Some fish of the same species have different colors in different individuals. Some fish have the same color in one individual, but it changes within a certain range as the background changes.

This is a special adaptation of fish to their living environment. The ability and speed of color change vary from species to species.

There are many fish that can change color, and goldfish is one of them. The color change is mainly controlled by the nervous system and endocrine system. Most of the color induction depends on the head nervous system. The main reason is to adapt to the color of the environment, and there are other factors. For example, after being exposed to electric light, certain colors and patterns will be displayed. When the fish is injured, sick, or there is a lack of oxygen in the water, the water quality deteriorates, the fish's body color will darken and lose its luster.

Goldfish and crucian carp belong to the same species (Carassius auratus)

Goldfish originated in China, also known as "golden crucian carp". It is similar to carp (Cyprinus carpio) but has no whiskers. It is an ornamental fish evolved from crucian carp. There are many varieties of goldfish, with colors such as red, orange, purple, blue, black, silver, and five-colored. They are divided into four major strains: Wen, Cao, Long, and Dan. Genetic research on the domestication of goldfish began in the 12th century. After a long period of cultivation, the varieties have been continuously optimized. Now the goldfish in various countries around the world are directly or indirectly introduced from China.

In the history of human civilization, Chinese goldfish has been with human beings for more than a dozen centuries and is the earliest species in the history of ornamental fish in the world. Goldfish is easy to raise, with strange shapes, bright colors, generally golden yellow, and beautiful shapes. Goldfish can beautify the environment and are very popular among people. They are ornamental fish with Chinese characteristics. China's goldfish is mainly developed from crucian carp. The colored carp was highly valued after it was introduced to Japan.

Thanks to the efforts of generations of goldfish breeders, Chinese goldfish still interpret the legend of beauty between movement and stillness to the world. There is another saying about goldfish in our country: buying two goldfish for worship during the Chinese New Year means that the family will be rich and prosperous in the coming year.

What should the newly born fry of ornamental fish eat?

You can wrap the boiled egg yolk with fine gauze, twist it gently in the water and shake it slightly to make the egg yolk seep out slowly for the fry to eat. Note that you should feed it twice a day in small amounts to avoid polluting the water quality and causing the death of the fry. Of course, there are other ways to feed the fry. When the fry can swim to the surface of the water, start feeding them small fish worms (water lice).

Small fish worms are small worms that are filtered out of the fish worms using gauze or plastic mesh. When they grow to one or two centimeters long, they can be fed to ordinary fish worms. You can also feed frozen brine shrimps, thaw them, and grind them slightly before feeding. In addition, you can also feed artificial dry bait or dried bloodworms by grinding them slightly.

Additional information:

Breeding technology:

Controlling stable water quality:

When you first prepare a tank of seawater, you only need to pay attention to the ratio of 1 kg of seawater salt to 30 liters of seawater. The pH of the prepared seawater is mostly maintained at 8.0-8.4, the density is 1.020-1.024., and the nitrite content is less than 0.1 mg/L. After the aquarium is running, the water will evaporate, which will lower the water level and increase the water density day by day. Fresh water must be added every once in a while to supplement it.

Stable pH:

Anyone who has raised marine ornamental fish knows that it is extremely important to maintain a stable pH in the aquarium. Because the pH of the water in the aquarium will drop due to the residue of nitrite and nitrate, it must be tested regularly to prevent the water quality from deteriorating, causing discomfort to the fish and infection. You should know that most of the large and small white spot diseases common in marine ornamental fish are caused by excessive pH changes.

Regular partial water changes:

Nitrates cannot be decomposed by nitrifying bacteria, and some removal methods are too expensive. When nitrates accumulate to a certain level, they will cause algae such as hair algae, filamentous algae, brown algae and even red algae to grow in large numbers. This not only affects the appearance of the aquarium, but also causes certain harm to fish or organisms, thus destroying the ecological balance of the aquarium and causing the aquarium to overflow, which is very serious.

Therefore, in daily management, water should be changed regularly, and 10% of the seawater should be replaced every month (use a gravel suction device to suck out the dirty water under the gravel). Note that when adding new seawater, add it slowly and use a thin tube to avoid rapid changes in water quality and irritation to fish.

To check the filtration system regularly:

If you use an external filter, be sure to connect the water pipe after cleaning. Note that the water pump can filter the water in the tank and also pump out all the water in the aquarium. Check the water flow from the filter regularly to see if it is normal and whether there is any blockage. In addition, the first layer of biological cotton or filter element that blocks dirt should be cleaned frequently and replaced regularly.

Suitable lighting:

Appropriate lighting refers to the light that can maintain the survival and reproduction of the single-celled zooxanthellae that invertebrates live with. We have discussed that different organisms have different requirements for light, which can be divided into strong light, medium light, and weak light. We can give an example. For an aquarium 130 cm long and 60 cm deep, it is sufficient to install two 150-watt metal halide lamps 40 cm from the water surface and irradiate for 10 hours a day.

1. Water

Water is the most basic condition for fish growth, and the quality of water is directly related to the growth and reproduction of tropical fish. Many tropical fish lovers have encountered many problems in the fish breeding process due to lack of knowledge in this area, which affects the breeding of tropical fish. Therefore, before raising fish, you must have a more detailed understanding of water.

1. Water quality

All water in nature contains more or less boron and various chemical substances. These substances directly affect the growth of fish. Since tropical fin fish live in tropical waters, their requirements for water are much higher than other fish. Tap water, river water, well water, lake water, etc. can be used directly to feed goldfish, but if they are used directly to feed tropical fish, they will get sick and even die. Therefore, if we want to raise tropical fish well, we must meet the water quality requirements of tropical fish.

The so-called water quality mainly refers to: water hardness and pH.

The hardness of water is determined by the content of calcium, magnesium and iron salts in the water. When the content of these calcium salts in water reaches 65 mg per liter, it is called neutral water; when it is less than 65 mg, it is called soft water; when it is more than 65 mg, it is called hard water. Well water and spring water are mostly hard water; rainwater is soft water; tap water and river water are mostly neutral water. A simple way to judge the hardness of water is to see whether there is water alkali at the bottom of the kettle. If there is water alkali, it is hard water, otherwise it is soft water. Water can be softened after boiling.

The acidity or alkalinity of water, or pH value, is determined by the amount of hydrogen ions in the water, and the pH value ranges from 0 to 14. The method for determining pH value is to use litmus paper and a colorimetric plate. Put the test paper into the water for half a second and then take it out. Compare it with the colorimetric plate to get the pH value. When the pH value is less than 7, it is acidic water; when it is equal to 7, it is neutral water; when it is greater than 7, it is alkaline water. Most tropical fish are suitable for living in the pH range of 6-8. Test paper and colorimetric plates can be bought in drug stores everywhere.

Most people in cities use tap water to raise tropical fish, and tap water is basically neutral water. Its hardness and pH meet the requirements for raising fish, so there is no need to worry too much about this. However, tap water also has its shortcomings. Tap water is disinfected and sterilized with chlorine and bleaching powder, and chlorine is a substance that is more harmful to tropical fish. When raising tropical fish with tap water, the chlorine must be removed. The main methods are drying and chemical methods. The drying method is to dry it in the sun for two days, or dry it in a dark place for 4-6 days before use. The chemical method is to use sodium thiosulfate to remove chlorine, and the ratio is 1 gram of sodium thiosulfate per 10 kilograms of water. After stirring and dissolving, it can be used.

2. Change the water

During the growth process of tropical fish, they need to constantly excrete feces, and the residual bait in the water is also constantly oxidizing and rotting. All of these will produce harmful substances, causing the water quality to deteriorate, affecting the normal breathing of tropical fish, and making the fish sick and even disabled. Therefore, it is necessary to change the water for tropical fish frequently and in a timely manner, and change all the water.

Partial water change is also called water dilution, which is to use a siphon to suck out the fish feces, leftover bait and other dirt at the bottom of the fish tank. It is not necessary to remove the fish and aquatic plants for partial water change. The amount of water to be sucked in should be about one-fourth of the water volume in the tank. For large fish tanks, a certain proportion can be sucked less. In short, it depends on the specific situation. After the dirty water is sucked out, add the same amount of new water at the same temperature that has been aired or chemically dechlorinated. If the water temperature is low, add boiling water or use a heater to heat the water to the water temperature in the tank, and then add the new water into the tank. The frequency of water dilution is preferably twice a week in autumn and winter; three times a week in hot summer.

A complete water change is done when there is a lot of dirt in the tank, and the water plants and bottom sand need to be cleaned again. For a complete water change, all the equipment in the fish tank should be removed; the water plants should be taken out; all the fish should be taken out and temporarily placed in other containers with the same temperature as the original water; the tank wall and bottom should be cleaned with a sponge or gauze, and then rinsed with clean water, and then rinsed and refilled. After adding new water, wait two to three days before putting the fish back into the tank. Even if the water has been chemically treated, it is best not to put the fish in immediately, so as to avoid accidents caused by excessive stimulation of the new water to the fish. It is best to change the water once every three to four months, but if the water quality changes, the water should be changed at any time.

2. Water temperature

Temperature is the most important condition for the survival of tropical fish. Without a temperature suitable for the growth of tropical fish, tropical fish cannot survive. Tropical fish are stenothermic animals and they are extremely sensitive to temperature. The author has done an experiment: putting guppies in a fish tank without aquatic plants and light, without feeding, they can live for more than four months, but if the temperature is not suitable, they will die soon.

1. Suitable water temperature for tropical fish

The water temperature for tropical fish should be 20-30 degrees. However, different types of tropical fish have different requirements for water temperature. For example, guppies and swordtails can tolerate low temperatures of about 10 degrees; while colorful angelfish and tiger barbs will die when the temperature is below 18 degrees. However, the water temperature should not be too high. If the water temperature is too high, fungi in the water will multiply rapidly and fish diseases will increase. Therefore, to raise tropical fish well, the water temperature must be controlled to make it suitable for the growth of tropical fish. The water temperature for the growth of most tropical fish is 20-24 degrees; the water temperature for breeding is 25-28 degrees. The temperature difference between day and night should not exceed 4 degrees, otherwise it will affect the growth of tropical fish. The water temperature during breeding should be kept constant, which will be more conducive to the production of parent fish. The hatching of fish eggs and the growth of young fish.

2. Water temperature control

Currently, the methods for controlling water temperature are mainly divided into natural control and artificial control.

Natural control means placing the fish tank in a sunny room to let the fish tank receive more sunlight to increase the water temperature, or making the fish tank as large as possible and holding more water, so that the water temperature change caused by temperature changes will be reduced in the same period of time. However, during most of the year, especially in northern regions, the water temperature needs to be controlled artificially.

The main ways to artificially control water temperature are: heating with stoves, heated beds, heaters, etc. However, with the popularity of tropical fish and the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people are using electric heaters to control water temperature. It is best to equip electric heaters with thermostats to control water temperature. At present, the thermostats sold on the market are generally more reliable. Each thermostat can drive several heating tubes, but the fish tank where each heating tube is located should have the same amount of water to avoid causing the water temperature to be too high or too low. When putting the thermostat and heating tube into the water and taking them out, the power should be turned off first to avoid accidents.

In addition, using incandescent bulbs for heating is also a good method. It can not only increase the water temperature, but also make the aquatic plants in the fish tank without sunlight grow well.

3. Oxygen

All living things need oxygen. It can be said that there is no life without oxygen. Tropical fish also cannot survive without oxygen. The oxygen needed for tropical fish growth is absorbed by the microvessels in their gills. Then it is brought to various parts of the fish body through blood circulation. The carbon dioxide they expel is also carried out through the microvessels in their gills. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is an important factor in the growth of tropical fish. If there is a lack of dissolved oxygen in the water, tropical fish will float to the surface of the water and float; if there is a serious lack of dissolved oxygen in the water, tropical fish will die of suffocation.

The sources of dissolved oxygen in water are: first, oxygen in the air dissolves in water. The larger the contact area between air and water, the more dissolved oxygen there will be in the water. Therefore, the water film on the surface of the water should be removed frequently to increase the contact between water and air. Second, oxygen is produced by photosynthesis of aquatic plants. Therefore, to increase the oxygen content in water, a certain amount of water plants should be planted in the fish tank. Fish feces and leftover bait should be removed in time. Frequent water changes are also important methods to increase dissolved oxygen in water. The content of dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to the water temperature. When the water temperature is high, the content of dissolved oxygen is low; when the water temperature is low, the content of dissolved oxygen is high. Tropical fish require a higher water temperature, so using an air pump to inflate the water is a good way to alleviate this contradiction. The stocking density of fish is the key issue of whether dissolved oxygen is sufficient. If there is more water and less fish, dissolved oxygen is sufficient. Otherwise, hypoxia will occur. But this is not absolute. It also depends on other factors. The author once raised 600 adult guppies in a 90*65*35 cm fish tank and used an air pump to inflate the water, and the fish never suffered from hypoxia. Therefore, fish lovers should determine the stocking density of tropical fish according to the specific conditions of each fish tank.

4. Light

Light is also very important for tropical fish. It can be said that tropical fish cannot survive without light. Light has three main effects on raising tropical fish.

Light is the most important factor for all plants to photosynthesize. Without light, water plants cannot photosynthesize, absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. They cannot maintain their own survival. Light is important and necessary for water plants. However, there are certain limits. If the light is too strong or the light duration is too long, the branches and leaves of water plants will grow green moss, affecting the photosynthesis of water plants; but if the light is too weak or the light duration is too short, the branches and leaves of water plants will turn yellow or even die due to too little photosynthesis. So how can water plants receive light more reasonably? If you place the fish tank in a sunny room, it is best to expose it to sunlight for about one hour each in the morning and evening when the sunlight is not too strong. Never expose it to direct strong sunlight. If you place the fish tank in a room without sunlight, you should use colored lights to illuminate the water plants. Generally, a 60-watt incandescent bulb or a 40-watt fluorescent lamp should be used to illuminate the water plants for about six hours a day.

Tropical fish also need light to grow and reproduce. Light can make tropical fish grow faster, make the fish more colorful, and shorten the reproduction cycle of fish. The light time and intensity required by tropical fish can be the same as that of aquatic plants. The third function of light is to facilitate our viewing. Without light or too weak light, we cannot see the scenery in the fish tank clearly, and we cannot enjoy it.

5. Fish farming tools

1. Fish food

Although there are many types of tropical fish and their habits vary greatly, their diets can be roughly divided into three categories: carnivorous fish, which account for the vast majority of tropical fish; omnivorous fish, which account for a small part of tropical fish; and herbivorous fish, which account for a very small part of tropical fish. The following mainly introduces animal fish food.

1. Daphnia (also known as red spider)

This fish worm is bright red in color, medium in size, clusters in the water, jumps slowly, and is most suitable for the taste of tropical fish. This fish worm is rich in protein, fat and calcium. This fish worm is widely distributed and can be found in almost all freshwater areas suitable for its growth. It is recognized as the best bait for tropical fish. The disadvantage of this fish worm is that it has a short lifespan when placed in a container, especially in summer, when it can only live for one to two days. Therefore, before feeding the fish, be sure to rinse them clean and then pick them up alive to feed the fish.

2. Warehouse bugs

This type of fish worm is larger, has thicker skin, and has a slightly lower protein content than Daphnia. It is also rich in nutrition and is suitable for feeding adult tropical fish. This type of fish worm dies more often during fishing, so pay more attention to washing and screening when feeding.

3. Sword flea (also known as green flea)

This kind of fish worm is small, has low nutritional value, and is easy to die. They jump and stop in the water at a fast speed. Some slow-moving tropical fish, especially young fish, often cannot catch up with them. So this is a poor bait.

4. Red nematodes

This fish worm has a slender body and dark red color. It lives in shallow water at the edge of dirty bubbles and ditches. Half of its body is in the mud and the other half is in the water, swaying constantly. Red nematodes are rich in nutrients, containing more protein and fat. They are an ideal food for adult fish, especially in the winter in the north, when other live baits are unavailable. Red nematodes are the only fresh bait. When feeding fish, these fish worms must be spread out to prevent them from gathering into balls and affecting the fish's feeding. When storing these fish worms, they should be placed in a container with a flat bottom that should not be more than one centimeter thick. A small amount of water should be left, and the water level should not be higher than the original depth of the fish worms. The container should be placed in a cool place, and the water should be changed twice a day. This fish worm can live in a container for a month in winter.

Except for red nematodes, other fish and insects have certain activity patterns in natural waters. For example, at dusk and dawn, most fish and insects float on the water surface, which is the best time to catch fish and insects. However, weather changes, such as wind, rain, cloudy days, etc., will also affect the sinking and floating of fish and insects. Therefore, when catching fish and insects, you must observe carefully and gradually master their activity patterns. Only in this way can you achieve better results.

5. Backwater

The so-called vortex mainly refers to Paramecium and Rotifera. They can be seen in most freshwater areas. Because they are white clouds in the water and keep swirling, they are called vortex. To catch vortex, you must use a finer cloth to make a net, preferably a 240-mesh nylon filter. Sometimes when catching vortex, some larger fish will be brought in. You should use a net with a larger mesh to filter out these large fish and insects, and then use the vortex to feed the young fish to avoid accidents.

6. Artificial breeding of water

Many tropical fish lovers often encounter a large number of deaths of young fish when breeding egg-laying tropical fish because they cannot catch the paramecium. The following is an introduction to the method of artificial breeding of paramecium (paramecium):

The method of artificially cultivating paramecium is relatively simple. Boil straw with water, add some tap water, and make the ratio of straw to water reach 1:100. Control the water temperature above 20 degrees Celsius, or expose it to sunlight. After ten days, paramecium will multiply in large quantities in the water. At this time, it should be collected in time, about one-third of it should be collected every day, and it will continue to grow. In this way, it can be used inexhaustibly. However, the nutrition of this kind of worker-cultivated paramecium is not rich enough, and it is generally not suitable for long-term use.

7. How to feed fish

When it comes to fish food, people naturally think of feeding fish. Some people would say, isn't this simple? The more fish food you feed, the better. The fuller the fish eat, the better. Many tropical fish lovers are very concerned about and love the tropical fish they raise. When they buy or fish out fish food, they put a lot of fish food into the fish tank. They think: this way the fish will have enough food and can eat fish food at any time, so the fish will grow faster. The result is contrary to expectations. There are often a lot of leftover bait in the fish tank. These leftover baits compete with fish for dissolved oxygen in the water, and they continue to die and rot, causing the water quality to deteriorate and lack of oxygen in the water, which leads to the death of a large number of tropical fish. Overfeeding can also make the fish eat too much and produce indigestion, which is what we usually call "food overload". It makes the fish unwilling to eat for a long time. The author has done an experiment: feed the same amount of fish food to two tanks of fish with the same amount of fish food. If the fish food is put into the tank once, it will not be eaten up in four days, and there will be leftover bait in the tank; if it is fed in four times, it will be eaten up in two days.

So how to feed fish? It is best to feed twice a day, that is, once in the morning and once in the evening. Each time, about 2% of the total weight of the fish is appropriate. It is best if the fish can finish the food in about 30 minutes. The principle is: feed less, feed more frequently, and it is better to feed less than full.

You must be even more careful when feeding young fish. Ovoviviparous young fish can be fed with swirling water. When there is no swirling water, you can also feed them with small fish worms. Oviparous young fish must be fed with swirling water. If there is no swirling water, they should be fed some egg yolk water. You must also grasp the time to replace the fish food in time according to the development and growth of the young fish, and do it step by step, gradually transitioning to normal feeding.

(II) Fish tank and its layout

Most fish tanks for tropical fish are rectangular. Most fish tanks are welded into frames with angle steel, then the frames are polished clean with a grinder or emery cloth, rust is removed, and a layer of anti-rust paint is applied. After drying, a layer of silver paste paint is applied. After the silver paste paint is dried, the glass can be installed. Before installing the glass, putty should be made with 1:10 iron powder and putty. First, apply putty on the frame, and then install the cut glass. The order of installing the glass is: first install the two large faces, then the two ends, and finally the bottom of the tank. After the fish tank is installed, water should be filled in immediately. The water should be filled to about 5 cm higher than the water level when raising fish. This can not only squeeze the putty firmly, but also test the strength of the glass to prevent accidents when raising fish. After a while, the squeezed putty can be scraped off. After a week, all the water can be drained and replaced with dried water, and then fish can be raised. The size of the fish tank, the thickness of the glass and the density of fish can refer to the following table:

Number of tropical fish in the fish tank

No. Specification CM Glass Thickness MM Small Fish Medium Fish Large Fish

1 36*24*24 3 15 6 0

2 39*30*24 3 25 6 0

3 39*30*30 3 35 8 2

4 45*30*24 3 40 10 2

5 45*30*30 3 50 12 4

6 60*30*30 3 70 20 6

7 60*36*30 4 80 25 6

8 90*45*45 5 300 100 16

9 90*60*45 6 400 120 20

10 121*60*60 8 600 200 40

The main purpose of raising tropical fish is for viewing. To achieve the ideal viewing effect, the fish tank must be arranged well. Some beginners put everything they can buy into the fish tank when arranging the fish tank, which makes it crowded, affects the normal growth of the fish, and cannot be well viewed. The arrangement of the fish tank should be carried out according to your own preferences. First of all, you must choose the fish. In a fish tank, you can raise one tropical fish or a mixture of several tropical fish. However, do not raise too many species to avoid clutter. Each fish tank can raise two to three water plants, so that the fish can swim freely; it also provides a resting place for the fish; it also allows the water plants to receive light reasonably, set off each other, and reflect each other, achieving a more ideal viewing effect.

In addition, each fish tank should be equipped with lighting equipment, aeration equipment and heating equipment according to the situation. It is best to install a water thermometer on the front of each fish tank so that the water temperature can be monitored at any time. Each fish tank must have a tank cover, which can prevent dust from falling into the water, prevent tropical fish from jumping out of the tank, and also play a role in heat preservation. The tank cover is preferably composed of two plates, one fixed, where some equipment should be installed, and one movable, which can be opened to change water, fish, clean the fish tank, etc. The tank cover should not be covered too tightly, and a gap of 1-2 cm should be left between it and the fish tank for ventilation.

(III) Other tools

1. Fishing net

Fish nets are used to fish tropical fish out of or into the fish tank. This type of fish net can be made of iron wire into a round or square frame, and then sewed with nylon mesh, and then pressed on the net handle. Generally, you should prepare a small net and a large net. The length of the net handle can be made according to the depth of the fish tank, slightly longer than the water level. The net handle is best made of bamboo poles or hardwood.

2. Fish food net

Most tropical fish lovers like to catch fish food by themselves, which not only saves money but also helps them exercise. It is really beneficial. To catch fish food, you should have a fish food net. The diameter of the fish food net should be larger, about 30 cm in diameter, and the depth of the net should be about one meter. The stitch length of the fish food net should be shorter when sewing, and a strip of cloth should be added outside the seam to prevent the fish food from leaking out of the needle eye. The iron frame of the net mouth should be made of No. 10 iron wire or harder steel wire, and the net mouth should be covered with a plastic protective tube to avoid wearing out the net cloth. It is best to use 80-120 mesh nylon net, which is strong and durable and has good water permeability. The net handle should be long, about 2 meters, and should be firm and not shake when in use.

3. Water return network

The size and making of the water return net are the same as those of the fish food net, except that the mesh should be made of fine nylon with a mesh size of 240 or above.

4. Voltage tester

The voltage tester is an extremely important tool that is often overlooked by tropical fish enthusiasts. Anyone who uses electrical lighting, electric heaters and other electrical equipment to raise fish should prepare a voltage tester to test whether the fish tank frame and water are charged at any time to avoid accidents when feeding and changing water.

Six water grass

Planting water plants in the fish tank is of great significance for raising tropical fish. If you only raise fish in the fish tank without planting water plants, its ornamental value will be reduced, and people will feel that the tank is missing something and feels desolate. If you plant some water plants appropriately, the fish will move back and forth among the branches and leaves of the water plants, and the fish and the plants will be reflected, which will greatly improve its ornamental value. In addition, planting water plants is also crucial for the growth and reproduction of tropical fish. Water plants perform photosynthesis during the day, release the oxygen needed by tropical fish, and absorb the carbon dioxide exhaled by tropical fish. During the growth process, water plants can also absorb and digest fish feces and other substances harmful to fish. Some tropical fish also lay eggs on the leaves of water plants for hatching. The area around water plants is an ideal place for tropical fish to rest. Water plants block the strong light, creating a comfortable living environment for tropical fish. Water plants can also purify water and precipitate dirt.

Most of the aquatic plants currently grown in my country are introduced from abroad and can be divided into four categories:

1. Submerged plants: take roots at the bottom of the water and grow stems and leaves in the water.

2. Emergent plants: take roots at the bottom of the water, grow stems in the water, and have leaves that are above the water or float on the water.

3. Floating plants: leaves float on the water surface, and roots and stems hang in the water.

4. Intermediate plants: do not take root in the water, but reproduce and grow in water.

1. Crown grass

Crown grass is native to Brazil in South America. It is also called Amazon sword grass and crown grass. Crown grass is a large aquatic grass with thick petioles, wide leaves and beautiful leaf shapes. The largest crown grass can grow nearly 100 leaves, with the maximum leaf length reaching 50 cm and the leaf width reaching 8 cm. Crown grass is luxurious and gorgeous, majestic and spectacular, and is known as the king of aquatic plants.

Crown grass likes strong light, has strong adaptability and is easy to grow. It should receive about four hours of light every day. The leaves of crown grass are brittle, so do not move it frequently to avoid damaging the leaves. Crown grass can be propagated by stems and division, but mainly by stems. The stems of crown grass grow toward the water surface and diagonally upward. Each stem can grow more than a dozen small grasses, and sometimes two to three stems can grow at the same time, which shows its strong reproductive ability. When the roots of the small crown grass grow long enough to be planted, they should be cut off and planted separately. If new plants grow from the roots of the crown grass, they can be cut off and planted separately when they grow to about 20 cm.

2. Watermelon grass

Watermelon grass is also known as melon net grass, melon sword grass, and melon grass. The plant shape of watermelon grass is like crown grass, with short leaf stems and wide leaves. On its grass-green leaves, you can see clear veins, just like the veins of watermelon rind, so it is called watermelon grass.

Watermelon grass has strong adaptability and likes strong light, but its growth is slow. The reproduction method of watermelon grass is the same as that of crown grass.

3. Banana grass

Banana grass is a medium-sized aquatic plant with large and round leaves. The leaf surface is uneven and slightly wavy. The leaf stems are not long and the leaves are all in the water. It is very ornamental. Banana grass also has climbing stems, which makes it more beautiful. Banana grass has strong adaptability, grows quickly, and likes strong light.

The reproduction of banana grass is also carried out by *ginseng stems.

4. Water Lily

Water lily is a large grass, comparable to crown grass. Its leaf stems are thick and long, growing all the way to the water surface. The leaves are broad, growing up to 20 cm long and 10 cm wide, floating on the water surface, very similar to lotus leaves floating on the water surface, so it is called water lily.

Water lilies like strong light and should receive about 4 hours of light a day.

The propagation method of water lilies is stem propagation, which is the same as that of crown grass.

5. Pepper grass

Chili grass can be divided into green chili grass and purple chili grass. The main difference is that the leaf stems and leaves of green chili grass are green, while the back of the leaf stems and leaves of purple chili grass are light purple and the front is green.

Chili grass is called chili grass because its leaves start out like chili leaves. Chili grass is adaptable and easy to grow. It should receive about four hours of sunlight a day. The stems of chili grass leaves are brittle; do not move them frequently to avoid breaking them.

Pepper grass* is propagated by division. New plants often grow from its roots, and after its root system grows, it can be planted separately.

6. Loquat grass

Loquat grass is native to subtropical areas and is a luxuriant aquatic plant. The leaves of loquat grass are bilaterally symmetrical, the stems are thick, and it grows rapidly. To make the shape of loquat grass beautiful, it is necessary to tip it when it grows to a certain height so that it can grow more branches. In this way, loquat grass can grow into a crown shape, which is very beautiful.

Loquat grass likes strong light and should receive about four hours of light a day.

The propagation of loquat grass adopts the cutting method. Cut a section of its branch and plant it separately, and it will survive.

(VII) Net Grass

The net grass is native to Madagascar Island in Africa. It is also called Madagascar lace grass. It is the most precious aquatic plant and its price is quite high. However, in its place of origin, it is eaten as a vegetable.

The shape of the web grass is like that of the crown grass, and its leaves are net-like. You can see objects on the opposite side through the leaves, which is extremely strange.

Net grass does not like strong light. If the light is too strong, it will grow green moss; if the light is too weak, it will wither and die. It is the most difficult aquatic plant to grow. The water temperature for growing net grass should be kept at around 25 degrees. Too high or too low is not conducive to its growth.

The web grass has white flowers and reproduces with red seeds in its native place, making it difficult to propagate artificially.

8. Water Chrysanthemum

Water chrysanthemum is also called chrysanthemum grass. Its leaves are very similar to chrysanthemums, but the leaves are asymmetrical, yellow-green, and the stems are thin and easy to break. Water chrysanthemum likes strong light and has strong adaptability. The light exposure should be more than 4 hours a day.

9. Willowleaf

Willow grass is native to India in Asia. Willow grass has an upright plant shape, with symmetrical leaflets like wide willow leaves growing on thick stems. At the same time, white and thin underwater roots grow at the branches.

Willow grass likes strong light, has strong adaptability and grows quickly.

The propagation method of willow grass is cuttings. Cut a section of the branch with water roots and insert it into the sand to survive.

10. Snapdragon

Snapdragon, also known as water pine, is a water plant with strong adaptability. Its leaves are symmetrical and composed of small thin strips. It grows very fast. If the light is suitable, it can grow 2 cm a day. Each plant can grow to about two meters.

Snapdragon has a strong ability to reproduce. Not only can it reproduce from the roots, but if you pinch off any section of its stem and plant it in a pot, it will grow and re-root.

Snapdragon likes strong light and should receive more than four hours of light a day.

11. Dragon's Beard Grass

Dragon's beard grass, also known as belt grass, is a plant that grows in temperate waters. The leaves of dragon's beard grass are slender and have no leaf stems. They grow directly from the roots and can reach a length of 60 cm. Dragon's beard grass has strong adaptability, grows quickly, and likes strong light.

Dragon's beard grass is a low-temperature aquatic plant that adapts to water temperatures below 24 degrees Celsius and should not be planted in high-temperature water.

Dragon's beard grass is propagated by *ginseng stems. The ginseng stems that grow from the roots grow horizontally and then grow into new plants.

(12) Curly-leaved dragon beard grass

The leaves of the rosy beard and the rosy beard are plants of the same family. The difference is that the leaves of the rosy beard grow upright; the leaves of the rosy beard grow in distorted and rotate upward.

The nature and breeding of the curled dragon beard grass are the same as that of the dragon beard grass.

(13) Big-leaf Dragon Beard Grass

Large-leafed Dragon Beard and Dragon Beard are also plants of the same family. The leaves are wide and long, with a width of up to 2 cm, and the length of up to more than 1 meter and the part that exceeds the water surface will float on the water surface.

The properties of the large-leaf dragon beard grass are the same as the breeding method.

(14) Shuilan

Water orchid is a kind of water plant similar to Dragon Beard. Its plant shape is exactly the same as Dragon Beard, but the top of the leaves are not pointed and slightly round. The leaves are about 1 cm wide and the leaves can be as long as 30 cm long.

Its growth conditions and breeding methods are the same as those of the dragon beard.

(15) Big Leaf Water Orchid

Large-leaf water orchid and water orchid are the same family. The leaves and plant shapes are the same as those of water orchid, and their leaves can reach 40 cm long and 3 cm wide.

The growth conditions and breeding methods are the same as those of the dragon beard.

(16) Bamboo orchid

Bamboo orchid is native to Sri Lanka in Asia, also known as saggy orchid and kelp grass. The leaves of Bamboo orchid are like kelp and become wrinkled and wavy. The leaves are 3 cm wide, the leaves can reach 60 cm long, the petiole is 20 cm long, and the leaves are 40 cm long. The plant is shaped like crown grass, which is a beautiful and spectacular large aquatic grass.

Bamboo orchid has strong adaptability, grows rapidly, and likes strong light. It should receive about 4 hours of light every day.

Bamboo orchids have sweet potato-like tuber, also known as perish roots. New plants will grow on their tubers. When the plants have fibrous roots, they can be fryed and planted separately.

(17) Wide-leaf Taroshui

Wide-leaf calla is native to Indonesia, the Philippines, Malaysia and other countries in Asia. Wide-leaf calla plant is shaped like a crown grass, with a leaf length of up to 40 cm, of which the leaf stem is 20 cm long, the leaf length is 20 cm long, and the leaf width can reach 15 cm, and its shape is like a peach.

Wide-leafed taros like strong light, but their Long March is slower. The leaves are green when they are young and turn brown and red when they mature, which is very beautiful.

Wide-leafed taro has taro-shaped underground stems, also known as bulbs, and their reproduction mainly occurs when new plants grow in underground stems.

(18) Short-leaf Taroshui

Short-leafed Taro, also known as short-leafed wrinkled taro, its plant is like a wide-leafed Taro, its leaves are shorter and narrower, and its leaves are wavy wrinkles, and its color is dark green.

Short-leafed calla likes strong light and grows slowly.

The growth conditions and breeding methods of short-leaf calla are the same as those of wide-leaf calla.

(19) Big Leaf Taroshui

Large-leaf Tarot, also known as large-leaf wrinkled taro, its plant is shaped like a wide-leaf calla, its leaves are slender and its leaves are kelp-shaped wrinkles.

Large-leaf calla has strong adaptability, rapid growth, and prefers strong light.

The growth conditions and reproduction methods of large-leaf calla are the same as those of wide-leaf calla.

(Twenty) Pink Taroshui

The plant of pink calla is like a wide-leaf calla. Its leaves are short, about 10 cm long and thick. The front of the leaves is green and the back is light pink.

Eat plankton or powdered fish food. But the first thing you care about is not what it eats, but separate it from the parent fish as soon as possible, because a considerable number of ornamental fish will eat young fish for various reasons. If the newly hatched shrimps and fleas do not have egg yolk water, it will be necessary to isolate small fish from bad water. And the water temperature fluctuations in the original tank should not be large.

If you don't copy online and speak based on your experience, it is best to get a good harvest shrimp. Basically, except for the young fish in Panke (douyu Manlong, etc.), all newly born small fish can use a good harvest shrimp. · The young fish in Panke are generally open with microworms. If you don't have to do it in family farming, or if it is expensive, you can use egg yolk instead. However, the poor egg yolk is easy to get dirty.