CATDOLL : CATDOLL:How to raise maggots?

Fly maggot rearing technology

A. Living habits of houseflies Houseflies grow at room temperature of 20-30℃ and relative humidity of 60%-80%. After five days of development, the pupa changes from soft to hard, from beige, light brown, dark brown to black, and finally the adult fly breaks out of the shell from the front end of the pupa. The newly emerged adult fly can only crawl, not fly. One hour later, it spreads its wings and starts to eat and drink water. The adult fly is active during the day and stays still at night. After three days, it matures sexually, and the male and female begin to mate and lay eggs. The peak period of egg laying is 1-8 days old, and the egg laying ability is basically lost at 25 days old. The fly eggs hatch into maggots in half a day to a day. The maggots are cultivated in pig and chicken manure and generally become pupae on the fifth day. A generation of flies is about 28 days. Temperature and nutrients in maggot bait have a great influence on the growth and development of maggots. Generally, the room temperature is within the range of 20-30℃. The higher the temperature and nutrients, the faster the maggots grow and develop, and the larger the pupae become.

B. Breeding and reproduction of breeding flies Breeding flies should be raised in a fly house. The size of the breeding fly house can be built according to the needs, and it can also be modified from an old house. Glass and screens should be installed on the doors and windows to facilitate temperature adjustment, and fans should be installed on the walls to adjust the air. There should be heating equipment in the room to keep the temperature at 20-23℃ in winter and the relative humidity in the room at 60%-70%. Black curtains should be installed on the passage to prevent the breeding flies from escaping. There are breeding racks in the room, which are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. The breeding racks are made of iron or wood. Each layer of the rack is placed with a fly cage made of nylon gauze, which is 100 cm long and 80 cm high. The breeding flies are kept in the cages. Each cage can hold 12,000 breeding flies. Each cage is covered with cloth sleeves to facilitate feeding, water addition and egg collection. 12,000 adult flies are fed 20 grams of milk powder every day. The feed is placed in a feed basin with gauze padding, and the adult flies are allowed to stand on the gauze to suck. The feed and water are changed once a day. Put gauze in the basin, put wet wheat bran in the egg-laying basket for the fly species to lay eggs, take eggs from the fly cage once a day and send them to the maggot room for breeding. The number of eggs laid by the fly species is the largest from 8 am to 3 pm every day, so the time of egg collection should be appropriate. Each batch of fly species is eliminated after 15-20 days of breeding, killed with hot water or steam, dried and ground into powder for livestock and poultry feed, and then replaced with a new batch. While producing fly maggots, the old maggots in the fly cage pupate. There are two ways to produce new fly species: one is to let them pupate naturally and wash out the pupae with water; the other is to take out the maggots and put them into dry powder when the maggots turn yellow after about 5-6 days of breeding to promote pupation.

C. Cultivation of fly maggots Fly maggots can be cultivated in a maggot breeding pool with a brick side height of 20 cm and an area of ​​1-3 square meters, or in a plastic tray with bamboo and wood frames. A plastic tray with a diameter of 50 cm can breed 1.5 kg of maggots with only 3 kg of wheat bran. After 3-4 days of breeding, it can be collected and used. The source of maggot breeding feed is relatively wide, and the cost of different maggot feeds varies. You can choose reasonably. Wheat bran has high nutritional content and a slightly higher price. It is generally used to breed fly species. Cheap wine troughs, bean dregs, etc. can be used as commercial maggot feed. If wheat bran is used as maggot feed, generally 1 kg of wheat bran can produce 0.5 kg of fly maggots. When using it, it needs to be shaken with water. The dryness and wetness should be such that water comes out when squeezed by hand and it is suitable to be loose when touched (water content 60%-65%). If semi-dry and wet materials such as wine troughs and bean dregs are used, it can be cultivated without adding water. Specific maggot breeding operation method: Pour the egg-laying and wheat bran materials into a plate, add wine trough, bean dregs or wheat bran and other maggot materials, and mix them evenly. Note that the fly eggs should not be exposed on the surface of the maggot material to avoid water loss and loss of vitality. The thickness of the maggot material is based on the fermentation temperature in the maggot material not higher than 40℃ and not lower than 20℃, generally 5-10 cm. In summer, when the temperature is high, the maggot material should be appropriately thinner, and in winter, when the temperature is low, the maggot material can be appropriately thicker. If human and animal feces are used, bacteria and parasites must be killed before use. The ratio of material to maggots is, for example, 3.5-4 kg of chicken manure generally produces 0.5 kg of fresh maggots. Regardless of which raw material is used to raise maggots, the dryness and humidity of the maggot material should be controlled at 60%-65%.

D. Collection of fly maggots: maggots are afraid of light and can be collected by scraping the surface of the drinking water in the maggot breeding pool with a dung shovel. The maggots will drill into the water and remove the dung on the surface. This method is repeated many times. Finally, a small amount of dung and a small amount of fly maggots are left. The separated fly maggots can be washed and directly used to feed livestock and poultry. They can be dried at 200-250℃ for 15-20 minutes, processed and stored for later use.

New technology for breeding maggots

1. Breeding flies and feeding. There are two types of breeding flies raised in this place. One is a large fly with red eyes and green body (big-headed fly); the other is a small housefly commonly seen in the home, with the former being the main one. Both are from the wild and are domesticated through breeding.

The breeding flies are fed in the fly shed, mainly brown sugar water (1:10), with a small amount of cream essence, which is the "ovulation hormone" prepared by the farm (made of Chinese medicine such as epimedium, lysine, methionine, and vitamins), and some yeast powder for better results. The feeding method is to place a sponge in a porcelain basin, pour the sugar water into the sponge, and wash the sponge once a day.

2. Breeding equipment

1. Manure fermentation pool. Made of cement, the size depends on the production scale, and the depth is 50 cm. The farm has 6 pools as a group, because manure fermentation generally takes 6 days, and one pool is used every day, which is exactly one cycle. In places with low temperatures, manure fermentation takes longer, so more pools need to be built.

2. Fly breeding room (shed). Fly breeding and maggot rearing are in the same room, which covers an area of ​​more than 300 square meters, has many windows, and several ventilation windows on the roof, and is equipped with ventilation fans and fans. The roof is covered with tiles and plastic film, and the windows, ventilation windows and other places that are connected to the outside of the room are tightly sealed with screens. There are countless ropes in the room for adult flies to rest, and there are many potted plants (elephant grass, etc.) in the room, which are used to regulate the air in the room and provide adult flies with a rest.

The floor of the fly house is divided into a rectangular maggot breeding pool with an area of ​​2-3 square meters by cement. The pool edge is 15-25 cm high. Maggot collection buckets (small plastic buckets) are buried in the corners of the pool, and the bucket edge is slightly higher than the pool bottom. Before the grown-up flies pupate, most of them will automatically crawl away from the manure pile, crawl along the pool edge and finally fall into the maggot collection bucket. The maggot breeding pool can also be built outdoors, just cover it. <br>

3. Production Process

1. Fermentation of manure. Manure formula: ① 80% pig manure, 10% distiller's grains, 10% rice bran or wheat bran; ② 40%-60% pig manure, 60%-40% chicken manure; ③ 100% chicken (or pig) manure; ④ 30% cow manure, 60% pig and chicken manure, 10% rice bran or wheat bran or five-grain flour; ⑤ 20%-50% tofu residue or cassava residue, 80%-50% pig and chicken manure.

There are two methods for manure fermentation: one is water fermentation. First, add 30 cm deep water to the fermentation tank, add a small amount of fermentation powder and EM (effective microorganism) bacterial liquid, pour the manure in and mix well, seal it with plastic film, and ferment it for 5-6 days; the other is the ordinary composting fermentation method. Add a small amount of EM liquid to the manure, control the water content to 60%-80%, compost and seal it, and use it after 5-6 days (depending on the temperature). Fermentation can kill pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs in the manure, and can also eliminate toxic and harmful gases produced by direct fermentation of manure in the maggot breeding room to avoid harm to adult flies and maggots.

2. Raising maggots. Adjust the pH of the fermented manure to 6.5-7.5, send it to the maggot breeding pool and pile it into strips. Spread a 2-3 cm thick layer of egg-attracting materials (wheat bran mixed with blood, discarded fresh pig hair with epidermis collected from slaughterhouses, etc.) on the surface of the manure pile. Adult flies will soon fly over to eat and lay eggs. The eggs will hatch into young maggots after 8-12 hours. After the young maggots have eaten the nutrients on the egg-attracting materials, they will automatically drill into the manure pile to eat until they grow up. The grown fly maggots generally do not pupate in the manure but automatically crawl away and finally fall into the maggot collection bucket. The residual manure that has been used to raise fly maggots can be used as feed for breeding earthworms after fermentation.

4. Production effect. The farm can produce 100-300 kg of fresh maggots per ton of manure. A 100-square-meter maggot breeding room can produce 20-50 kg of fresh maggots per day. The amount of production is related to many factors, such as the number of adult flies. It is best to keep more than 200,000 breeding flies in a 100-square-meter fly room; egg traps and their preparation; the nutrients and preparation of maggot breeding materials. Chicken manure has the highest maggot production and cow manure has the lowest. Climate factors and feeding management techniques also affect the maggot production.

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1. Understand the morphological characteristics and living habits of houseflies

(1) Morphological characteristics: Houseflies are holometabolous insects that go through four stages in their life cycle: egg, larva, pupa and adult. (2) Living habits ① Living habits: Under natural conditions, the number of generations of houseflies varies from place to place. Under artificial temperature control, houseflies can reproduce all year round as long as the temperature is suitable. ② Insect stage duration: The generation duration of houseflies is shorter than that of other insects, and the development speed is extremely fast. The development duration of each insect stage is closely related to temperature. Within the suitable temperature range, the development duration shortens as the temperature rises. Under 25~35℃ conditions, the generation duration is only 10~15 days, of which the egg duration is less than 1 day, the larval duration is 4~6 days, the pupal stage is 5~7 days, and the adult life span is 1~2 months. ③ Activity habits: Adults like to move outdoors during the day and roost in trees or indoor ceiling panels at night. When the temperature is low, they like to gather in warm places. ④ Reproduction habits: Adults become sexually mature 2~5 days after emergence and begin to mate and lay eggs. In actual production, each batch of breeding flies should be eliminated in time after 20-25 days of late breeding. ⑤ Feeding habits: Housefly adults like to eat liquid food with high protein content, and water is a necessary condition for adult survival. Brown sugar and milk powder are the best food for adults. The life span of adults fed with milk powder, milk powder + white sugar/brown sugar can reach more than 50 days. Adding vegetables, fruits and other substances to the feed to supplement vitamins and trace elements helps to increase egg production. The egg production of adults fed with fresh maggot pulp is 10%-20% higher than that of adults fed with milk powder. Larvae like to feed on rotten organic matter, and various degrees of rotten organic matter can become their nutrient source. It is more suitable to feed the larvae with the prepared artificial feed after fermentation for about 6 hours. ⑥ Pupation habits ⑦ Relationship with temperature and humidity: Temperature directly affects the survival, growth and development and life activities of houseflies. In actual production, it is more appropriate to control the larvae's rearing temperature at 25~35℃. If it is lower than 22℃, the growth cycle will be prolonged. If it is higher than 40℃, the larvae will crawl out of the culture medium and look for a cool and suitable temperature. The adult stops developing below 12℃, does not mate and lay eggs; it cannot lay eggs below 15℃. The life span is the longest at a suitable temperature of 20~30℃, which can reach 50~60 days. The adult is most active at 30℃, and rests in a cool place above 30℃; if the temperature exceeds 35℃, the breeding flies will be restless, cannot lay eggs at 39℃, and gradually die at 40℃, and above 45℃ is the lethal temperature. The growth and development of housefly eggs, larvae and pupae requires the culture medium to be moist but not flooded, and the water content of 50%~60% is most suitable. Studies have shown that the moisture content of the substrate has a great impact on the development of housefly eggs. When the moisture content is 60%, the egg stage is the shortest at 18 hours and the hatching rate is the highest; the optimal substrate moisture content for larval survival is 60%~70%; the development of the pupal stage has a lower humidity requirement, and a humidity of 40%~50% is more suitable. It is difficult for adults to survive without water. The relative humidity of the air during the adult stage is preferably 50%~80%. Adults begin to drink water and eat 1 hour after emerging. Generally, they will all die after being deprived of food and water for 2~3 days. This is often used in production to eliminate adults after laying eggs. 2. Key points of caged fly technology (1) Determination of breeding scale The size of the breeding scale is determined according to the expected daily output. Taking a farm that produces 100 kg of fresh live maggots per day as an example, the following aspects should be considered when designing the farm: ① Adult rearing scale: 10,000 housefly adults produce 4 kg of fresh maggots after 5-6 days of rearing for the eggs laid daily during the peak egg-laying period. If 100 kg of fresh maggots are produced daily, 250,000 adults at the peak egg-laying period need to be reared. Considering other factors, the breeding scale of a production unit should be at least 300,000. If the elimination and renewal of breeding flies are also considered, a renewal cycle takes 4 days. Therefore, the breeding fly production scale of two units should be prepared to ensure a continuous supply of the number of egg masses required to produce 100 kg of maggots per day. ② The area required for rearing adults. Currently, there are two methods for rearing adults: cage rearing and house rearing. A room of 15 to 20 cubic meters can hold 20 to 25 fly cages of 0.5 cubic meters each. The adult flies raised can meet the egg mass required to produce 100 kilograms of maggots per day. ③ Area required for raising maggots Each square meter of breeding area can produce 500 grams of fresh maggots. To produce 100 kilograms of fresh maggots per day, a breeding area of ​​200 square meters is required. (2) Construction of breeding facilities ① Breeding fly room: Specially used for raising adult flies, it requires fresh air indoors, a temperature of 24 to 30 degrees Celsius, a relative humidity of 50% to 70%, and more than 10 hours of sunlight per day. Large glass windows should be left on the south side for lighting. The area of ​​each room is determined according to the scale of breeding, generally 20 to 40 square meters, equipped with screen doors, screen windows, exhaust fans and heating pipes. ② Fly cage production: It is a necessary facility for caged houseflies. Common fly cages are square fly cages with a length, width and height of 50 cm each. When making them, first use thick iron wire, steel bars or bamboo strips to make a skeleton, then cover the surrounding with plastic screens or iron screens, and leave a 20 cm diameter operating circular hole at the lower corner of one side of the fly cage. The hole is sewn with a 30 cm long cloth tube for feeding, watering and taking and placing the egg-laying pad. When not in use, tie it tightly to prevent the adult flies from escaping. Each fly cage should also be equipped with a feed tray, a water tray and a small porcelain tray for laying eggs. In addition, several pieces of nylon gauze can be hung in the middle of the cage to increase the habitat area for adult flies. When in use, fix the fly cage on the frame like a mosquito net, and the bottom of the cage is supported on a small flat plate. In order to facilitate hanging and disassembly and easy disinfection and cleaning, the four corners of the fly cage can be fixed to the three-dimensional breeding frame with clips or hooks. ③ Maggot breeding room: used for indoor breeding. The room temperature is required to be maintained at 26~35℃ and the humidity is 65%~70%. However, the larvae are afraid of light and do not need light, so attention should be paid to installing blackout curtains. Other indoor breeding facilities are determined according to the breeding methods adopted, such as multi-layer breeding racks, maggot breeding basins, maggot breeding boxes, maggot breeding pools, maggot breeding platforms, automated production equipment, heating and control equipment, etc. These facilities are generally placed on both sides, leaving a walkway in the middle, which can fully utilize the space and facilitate operation and management. ④ Plastic shed for breeding maggots: used for heating breeding in the outer room. The basic structure is similar to the off-season vegetable greenhouse currently promoted. The area and quantity are determined according to the breeding scale. Generally, a small shed of 80 to 130 square meters is used as a production unit. There are two common types of flat and three-dimensional breeding. There is a door in the east, west, south and north of the shed for ventilation and feeding and unloading. Two exhaust fans are installed above the shed, and a 1-meter-wide walkway is left in the middle and front and back of the shed. ⑤ Maggot separation box: used to separate maggots during solid feed breeding. The separation box is designed based on the negative phototropism of larvae. The length, width and height are 50, 30 and 15 cm respectively. It consists of a screen, a dark room and a lighting part. A strong light is installed on the screen. When separating, the culture medium mixed with a large number of larvae is placed on the screen, the light source is turned on, and the culture medium on the top is manually scraped off. The larvae drill down when they see the light, and the process is repeated until they are separated.