CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is the temperature and humidity for breeding earthworms? (What is the temperature and humidity for breeding earthworms?)

1. What are the requirements of earthworms for their living environment?

1. The activity temperature of earthworms is 5-30℃, they enter a dormant state at 0-5℃, and die below 0℃. The optimum temperature is 20-27℃.

2. The humidity of the feed should be maintained at 70%. Earthworms use their skin to breathe, so their bodies must remain moist. Water in earthworms accounts for more than 75% of their body weight. Preventing water loss is the key to their survival.

3. They feed on decaying plants or other organic matter. They eat soil and sand to obtain organic matter. Earthworms grow in a pH range of 6-8 and produce the most cocoons.

2. What is the simplest way to raise earthworms and how to reproduce them quickly?

The rapid reproduction of earthworms requires the temperature to be maintained at around 20-27℃, their bodies to be kept moist, the humidity of the feed to be maintained at around 70%, and the pH value of the soil to be in the range of 6-8. The more aerated the soil, the better. When feeding, attention should also be paid to sufficient food and high quality to prevent the decline of reproductive capacity and the spread of pests and diseases.

3. How to breed earthworms? How to breed earthworms?

How to breed earthworms

1. Planting seeds

After adjusting the humidity of the decomposed feed, spread it 10 cm along the trench dug in the mulberry garden, and then evenly put the eggs and young earthworms, and then put 5 cm of feed on it. The breeding density can be controlled at 2-2.5 kg/m2 or 10,000-15,000/m2. In principle, the density can be slightly higher in the early stage and gradually reduced in the later stage.

2. Shade and protection net

After the earthworm seeds are placed, a layer of plastic mosquito net is first covered on the ditch, and then plastic film, foam board and other rainproof materials are placed on it. This can prevent damage from rats, frogs, etc. and can also prevent rain and keep moisture.

3. Adjustment of temperature and humidity

The best breeding temperature for earthworms is 20-27℃, which is the same as the temperature requirement of silkworms.

In winter, the mulberry garden uses a thickened breeding bed to 40-50 cm, and the bait is covered with wheat straw or rice straw. The dead leaves of the mulberry trees and the cut mulberry branches can also be thickened and laid flat, and then covered with plastic cloth for heat preservation and moisture retention. In winter, when heating the greenhouse and silkworm room, it is necessary to pay attention to the smoke pipe of the stove.

To prevent maggots from getting gas poisoning, in addition, the relative humidity of the air should be maintained at 70%-80%, and ventilation should be carried out 3-4 times a day, 30 minutes each time. In summer, water once a day to cool down the plant in combination with ventilation. Generally, watering once a week is sufficient.

4. Frequent feeding

Remove earthworm castings, take out earthworm cocoons or turn over the feeding beds, and feed them 2-3 times a month, with a thickness of 10 cm each time. Keep the manure fresh and breathable to reduce the chance of earthworms becoming sick due to excessive accumulation of manure and untimely removal of earthworm castings, and create good conditions for the growth of earthworms.

5. Staged feeding

Earthworm breeding can be divided into seed group, breeding group and production group. Feed thinly and turn frequently. Feed twice a month, and the thickness of each feeding is 10 cm. Staged breeding is beneficial to the routine management of maggots, the reproduction and growth of earthworms, and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

6. Processing of earthworm cocoons and seeds

After 20 days of feeding, earthworms will produce a large number of cocoons through cross-breeding. At this time, the breeding earthworms and cocoons can be separated and hatched, and the separated cocoons, manure and earthworm manure mixture can be piled into a new breeding pile, maintaining good temperature and humidity.

When 50% of the earthworm cocoons are hatched, they can be covered with 10 cm of manure on the pile. They will be completely hatched in about 20 days. At this time, the density in the hatching pile is very high, and 50,000 to 60,000 cocoons can be hatched per 1 m2. They should be divided into piles in time and divided into 2-3 parts and covered with new manure for feeding. After routine management, they will all grow up in about 40 days.

The seeds separated from the breeding earthworms are re-mixed and fed with new manure. After 20 days, they can be bred again.

7. Harvest at the right time

The harvesting period of earthworms: Generally, it is carried out when the adult rings are obvious, the growth and development are slow, and the feed utilization rate is reduced. Harvest once a month in summer, and once every 1.5 months in spring and autumn, and replenish feed in time after harvesting.

4. Does earthworm farming have any climate requirements?

1. Temperature

Generally speaking, the activity temperature of earthworms is 5-30℃, they enter a dormant state at 0-5℃ and die below 0℃. The optimum temperature is around 20-27℃, which is also the optimum temperature for earthworm cocoon eggs. They stop growing at above 32℃ and die at above 40℃.

2. Humidity

Earthworms use their skin to breathe, so their bodies must remain moist. Water accounts for more than 75% of their body weight. Preventing water loss is the key to their survival. Therefore, the humidity of the feed should be kept at around 70%.

5. What temperature is suitable for earthworm growth?

The suitable temperature for earthworm growth and reproduction is 15-25℃. When the temperature is higher than 35℃ or lower than 5℃, the growth and reproduction will be inhibited. When the temperature is higher than 40℃ or lower than 0℃, the earthworms will die. The relative humidity required by earthworms is 60%-80%.

6. How to breed large earthworms?

Living habits of earthworms

1. Likes the temperature: 15℃-25℃ is the best temperature. In order to create the best temperature, cover the greenhouse with plastic or plastic sheet in winter, cover with straw in summer, sprinkle water to cool down, hibernate at 0℃-5℃, freeze to death below 0℃, die above 40℃, and stop growing above 32℃. In Beijing, cover the greenhouse and plastic sheet on October 25th, and remove it on April 10th of the following year. In this way, the earthworms will grow to December 20th, and then to February 10th of the following year, they are basically dormant. From February, prevent the earthworms from escaping due to high temperature. Pay attention to uncover the plastic sheet in time after 10 days and gradually turn to the optimal temperature. At this time, pay special attention to high temperature days. This is the most difficult time. During the day, uncover the plastic sheet around the plant, cover it in the morning and evening, and water it in time to keep it moist. From March to June 10 is the peak period of spring spawning for earthworms. During the high temperature period, you should prevent heatstroke and cool down. It is best to water it once a day. From August 20 to June 10 to August 20 is the summer season, and the plant will gradually enter dormancy. At the end of September, it is the second peak period of spawning for earthworms.

2. Like moisture and afraid of dryness: The water content in the body of earthworms is about 80%, and the water content of bait is required to be 60%-80% (based on the water dripping from the fingers when holding the bait in the hand). Therefore, the moisture content of the breeding bed is required to be above 60%. In this way, water must be poured once a day or every 1-2 days. The water should not be too much, but it must be poured thoroughly and connected to the lower layer of material. The watering time is noon in winter, evening in summer, and daytime in spring and autumn.

3. Like darkness and afraid of light: earthworms hide during the day and come out at night. They can be seen foraging under the moonlight. The breeding bed should be covered with straw to keep it moist and shaded.

4. They like air and quietness. Loose bait is good for the growth of earthworms. Our experience over the years is to turn the bed over (about 20 cm thick) before feeding to increase ventilation. This is very important. Over the years, we have found that there are very few earthworms at the bottom of the bed soil, but there are still baits. The main reason is the lack of air, which is not good for the growth of earthworms.

2. Breeding methods

1. Breeding varieties: The "Daping No. 2" earthworm introduced from Japan is characterized by high reproduction rate, annual proliferation of more than 200 times, good settlement, heat and cold resistance, suitable for production all year round, and high yield of earthworm body and earthworm feces.

2. Breeding method: We have been adhering to open-air composting breeding for ten years since the establishment of the farm. I believe that this method is low-cost and is the best method for large-scale production of earthworm products. It does not require any investment in equipment and can make use of all idle land. As long as the unfermented cow dung, horse dung, and pig dung are made into 15-20 cm high, 1-1.5 meters wide, and unlimited length, and earthworm seeds are put in, covered with straw, and shaded and moisturized, then breeding can be carried out. We started breeding from a few square meters, and until now, this method has been used for the expansion of more than 200 acres of land. Its advantages are easy operation, eliminating a series of work such as composting and fermentation, and the bait keeps nutrients from being lost, which increases the growth rate of earthworms and is easy to promote and apply in rural areas. This method also has its disadvantages: once the bait is heated, the earthworms die and the corpses are not seen. In summer, after continuous rainy days and heavy rains, the bed is not breathable and there is a phenomenon of escape. The way to avoid this is to have new bait in each breeding bed. The bait is piled in blocks to create good bottom-up conditions for earthworms. The key to this method is to keep the moisture content of the bait at 60-70%. It should not be too dry or too wet, otherwise the bait will heat up and cause death.

7. What is the suitable temperature for raising earthworms?

Since earthworms are cold-blooded animals, their body temperature changes with the temperature of the external environment.

The external temperature not only directly affects the body temperature and activity of earthworms, but also affects their metabolism as well as the intensity of growth, respiration and reproduction.

Different temperatures have a great impact on earthworm reproduction.

For example, the dark-backed Heterolithiasis can multiply up to 4 times in a temperature range of 6-16 degrees Celsius. The higher the temperature, the faster the cocoons hatch. For example, the cocoons of the green Heterolithiasis can hatch in 36 days at 20 degrees Celsius, 49 days at 15 degrees Celsius, and 112 days at 10 degrees Celsius. Generally, all species of earthworms live in a temperature range of 5 to 30 degrees Celsius. The most suitable temperature for their growth and reproduction is around 20 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is between 28 and 30 degrees Celsius,

Any species of earthworms can maintain a certain growth. If the temperature is above 32 ℃, the earthworms will stop growing. When the temperature is below 10 ℃, the earthworms will be slow to move. When the temperature is below 5 ℃, they will be in a dormant state with obvious shrinkage. Therefore, when the temperature is above 40 ℃ and below 0 ℃, the earthworms will often die.

Different types of earthworms or the same type of earthworms at different stages of growth and development have different adaptability to temperature. Different types of earthworms have different suitable temperatures, maximum and minimum lethal temperatures for growth and development.

For example, the highest lethal temperature for the earthworm is 37-37.75℃, for the dark-backed Heterocalyptus terrestris is 39.55-40.75℃, for the red Eisenia fetida is 37-39℃, for the earthworm, the William's earthworm and the Dura truncatula is 39-40℃, and for the Japanese Dura truncatula is 39-41℃.

As the soil temperature rises, a large amount of water on the earthworm's body surface can evaporate, causing it to cool down, so the maximum lethal temperature can be slightly increased.

When the temperature drops to 5-0 degrees Celsius, earthworms will enter hibernation. At this time, their cold resistance is the strongest. A large number of red Eisenia cruzi earthworms can be found in the frozen soil in a dormant state. When the temperature rises to 15 degrees Celsius, they will recover naturally after 8-9 hours.

Temperature affects the metabolism of earthworms. Therefore, in order to make earthworms grow and reproduce normally, cooling measures must be taken during the high temperatures in summer. Water can be sprinkled on the breeding beds to cool them down, and they can be covered. With the arrival of winter, the temperature gradually drops and the daylight becomes shorter, so it is necessary to consider taking heating and insulation measures.

In nature, earthworms go through a preparation stage before freezing. Their physiological activities gradually weaken, their growth, development and reproduction temporarily stop, and they begin to accumulate a large amount of fat and sugar nutrients in their bodies to survive the freezing period with poor external conditions.

In order to speed up the reproduction of earthworms in winter, it is necessary to build artificial greenhouses in winter, such as using solar heat, fermentation heat of feed or other fuels to keep warm, which can greatly increase the yield of earthworms. In fact, under suitable external conditions, earthworms can lay eggs, reproduce and grow all year round.

At different temperatures, the amount of worms produced by earthworm reproduction varies greatly.

Generally speaking, within the suitable temperature range, when the temperature drops, the number of cocoons decreases, and when the temperature rises, the egg-laying cocoon rate increases. When the temperature exceeds 25 ℃, the egg-laying cocoon rate of Eisenia fetida decreases significantly, and when the temperature drops below 8 ℃, it stops laying egg cocoons.

According to experimental measurements, when the temperature is between 8.5 and 35°C, Eisenia fetida can produce egg cocoons per month, with the highest being only one per cocoon and the lowest being 0.016 to 0.096.

Each adult earthworm can produce an average of 24 egg cocoons per year; when the temperature is between 24 and 27 degrees Celsius, each adult earthworm can produce 24 egg cocoons per month. At 8.5 to 25 degrees Celsius, the output of earthworm cocoons is positively correlated with the temperature.

In addition, the temperature will also affect the time when earthworms lay egg cocoons and the length of time required for the egg cocoons to hatch.

Generally, when the temperature is between 20 and 25 ℃, it is the best temperature for Eisenia fetida to lay egg cocoons and hatch cocoons. It can be seen that the number of cocoons produced is closely related to temperature.

The growth stages of earthworms from hatching to sexual maturity are all temperature-dependent. For example, Heterolithus chlororaphis enters a dormant state and reaches sexual maturity in 29 to 42 weeks in a cold basement, 17 to 19 weeks at 15°C, and 13 weeks at 18°C. E. foetida reaches sexual maturity in 9.5 weeks at 18°C, and only 6.5 weeks at 28°C.

Generally, the effective accumulated temperature for earthworms to complete one generation is 107.5 degrees Celsius. Taking the development under the daily average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius as an example: the effective accumulated temperature of earthworm cocoons is 235 degrees Celsius, and the effective accumulated temperature from young earthworms to mature egg-laying cocoons is 840 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the number of generations of earthworm reproduction is related to temperature.

When we calculate that the starting point of earthworm development is the effective accumulated temperature, combined with the temperature and meteorological data of various places, we can deduce the possible number of generations of earthworms in various places.

Similarly, the growth and development of earthworms are closely related to the temperature. When the temperature rises, earthworms develop faster, and when the temperature drops, they develop slower. When the temperature approaches the maximum, the development slows down, and when the temperature exceeds the maximum suitable temperature, the development is inhibited.

The speed at which earthworms gain weight is closely related to temperature. Temperature also affects the activity, metabolism and respiration of earthworms. Numerous reports and observations have confirmed that