CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the common fish species farmed in my country?

1. What are the common fish farming objects in my country?

I only know about the breeding of some common freshwater fish.

The most common species are the four major carps of "grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp". In addition, there are carp, catfish, bream, famous and special fish including yellow catfish, bigmouth catfish, sweet-scented osmanthus fish, whitebait and so on.

2. What are the common viral diseases in pond aquaculture?

The main pathogens of fish viral diseases have different incubation periods, complex and changeable clinical symptoms, strong infectivity, rapid transmission speed, and high mortality rate, which seriously endanger the aquaculture industry and can cause significant economic losses. So far, hundreds of pathogens that can cause fish viral diseases have been reported, and there are more than 20 common ones. Most of them belong to the Rhabdoviridae, Iridoviridae and Herpesviridae, and a few belong to the Reoviridae, Bisegmented RNA Viridae, Adenoviridae, Retroviridae, Nodaviridae and Orthomyxoviridae.

The Rhabdoviridae family mainly includes carp spring viremia virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, mandarin fish rhabdovirus, mullet rhabdovirus and northern pike larvae rhabdovirus, etc.

Iridoviridae mainly include epidemic hematopoietic necrosis virus, infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus, lymphocystis virus, Japanese eel iridovirus, sea bass iridovirus, red sea bream iridovirus and white sturgeon iridovirus;

Herpesvirus family mainly includes koi herpesvirus, carp pox virus, channel catfish virus, salmon herpesvirus and salmon virus;

Common species of Reoviridae include grass carp reovirus; common species of Bisegmented RNA Virus include infectious pancreatic necrosis virus; common species of Adenoviridae include cod adenovirus; common species of Retroviridae include salmon swim bladder sarcoma virus; common species of Nodaviridae include viral neuronecrosis virus; common species of Orthomyxoviridae include infectious salmon anemia virus

3. What are the types of fish eggs of common farmed fish?

The eggs of common freshwater farmed fish are mainly sticky eggs (sinking eggs), floating eggs and semi-floating eggs (drifting eggs).

4. Which fish species are suitable for breeding under the pig model?

It is feasible for some omnivorous crucian carp, carp, etc., and increasing the plankton content by fertilizing the water with manure can help the growth of silver carp and bighead carp. Basically, it can be used, but it should not be used for fish with higher water quality requirements, such as rainbow trout and mandarin fish.

It is best to use it to fertilize the water after cleaning the pond. During the breeding period, try to control it to avoid deteriorating the water quality.

5. Introduction to cold-water fish farming varieties and economic fish?

The species of cold water fish culture are salmon, trout and sturgeon. Their original living environment is mountain streams and rivers. The water quality in natural waters is good and the water temperature is low.

When choosing water sources for cold-water fish farming, spring water and fresh river water should be selected, and the water temperature should be between 10 and 18 degrees Celsius. Farms that use warmer river water as their water source can add some groundwater to lower the water temperature in summer.

Sturgeon replenishes qi and nourishes deficiency, promotes blood circulation and relieves stranguria

6. How to use shallow water ponds to raise fish?

With the rapid development of aquaculture, ponds are being used more frequently and the siltation at the bottom of ponds is becoming more and more serious, especially in village ponds, which has caused many water bodies to be too shallow and the aquaculture space to be narrow. If these ponds are not renovated and repaired, the aquaculture environment will deteriorate.

1. Determine the appropriate breeding type

. Ponds with a water depth of less than 1.0m can be slightly modified to breed eels and loaches. If there is too much sludge at the bottom of the pond, cash crops such as lotus roots can be planted to absorb fertilizer, and a small amount of fish can be bred in the pond. In addition, according to the habits of the farmed fish, fish that grow fast, have a short growth period, are not demanding on pond conditions, and can adapt to living in shallow water can be selected for breeding, such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp, freshwater silver pomfret, etc., which are available for breeding.

2. Efforts to expand water space

The size of the aquaculture water space directly affects the growth and survival of the aquaculture species. If the water level is too shallow, the aquaculture water space will inevitably be relatively small. When stocking fish, a certain stocking density should be mastered. In principle, sparse stocking is the main method, which can relatively increase the aquaculture water space. In the use of aquaculture water, the water level should be kept stable for a long time according to the needs of the aquaculture species. At ordinary times, attention should be paid to filling the pool with water to maintain the highest water level. When the water level drops, new water should be added in time. The low-lying areas on the bank of the pool can be filled with hard soil to try to raise the bank surface, expand the aquaculture water space, and maximize the use of the aquaculture water.

3. Improve the aquaculture water environment

Shallow ponds are greatly affected by the environment due to their shallow water level, especially the obvious changes in water temperature. To change this situation, breeders should take corresponding technical measures according to the different seasons of the year. For example, in spring and autumn, appropriate shallow water in the pond is conducive to the increase of water temperature, which is convenient for aquatic plants in the water body to carry out photosynthesis, increase the natural basic bait organisms of the cultured species, and also help to start feeding early and stop feeding late, which can promote the rapid growth of the cultured species; in summer, the water temperature is high, the water level should be deepened as much as possible, and the cultured water should be changed frequently to regulate the water quality and control the water temperature; when the hot summer comes, measures should be taken to avoid the heat. Where conditions permit, a shed can be built by the pond to provide shade. The simple method is to cover the water with grass, or plant aquatic plants in the pond and around the pond to purify the water quality and regulate the water temperature; in winter, the water temperature drops, and when the cultured species reaches the specifications of commercial fish, they should be sold as soon as possible and try not to overwinter. If you raise eels and loaches in the pond, you can drain the pond water before the ice period comes, let them dive into the mud bottom, and then lay straw on the mud to protect them from the cold.

4. Strengthen daily management

Shallow ponds should be managed more strictly. In addition to paying attention to changes in water quality, ponds should be patrolled frequently, and problems should be solved promptly. Especially in the rainy season in summer, attention should be paid to preventing rainwater from flooding the pond and destroying the bank. Due to the shallow water, attention should be paid to the lack of oxygen in the pond in summer, which may cause flooding. At night, theft should be prevented to avoid accidental losses. In terms of feeding, it is necessary to ensure that the farmed species are well fed, adhere to the principle of small and frequent meals, and feed more feed that the farmed fish like to eat.

, in order to maintain a reasonable supply of nutrients and ensure the same year of investment and the same year of profit. Fertilizer and water should be applied in time when needed.

, to ensure the abundance of natural basic bait organisms in the aquaculture water. When the aquaculture species reaches commercial specifications, once the price is reasonable, they should be caught and sold to obtain profits as soon as possible and avoid and reduce aquaculture risks.

5. Do a good job in disease prevention

In shallow ponds, the water quality is easy to deteriorate, which accelerates the reproduction and growth of pathogens in the water body. If you don't pay attention, it will cause the death of the farmed species. Therefore, disease prevention work should be done in time. In the early stage of farming, the pond bottom should be thoroughly cleaned with quicklime. Because there is more silt in shallow ponds and the bottom is more acidic, the dosage can be slightly increased. It can be sprinkled all over the pond at a dosage of 300g/square meter to adjust the pH value of the farming water body and improve the water quality. When the seedlings are released, they should be disinfected in vitro, and salt water can be used for immersion and medicinal bath. In daily management, quicklime, bleaching powder and other drugs should be used regularly to disinfect the water body and purify the water quality. Pests such as rats and snakes should be captured by artificial methods, and try not to let them invade, otherwise they will be injured by pests due to the shallow water and the farmed species cannot escape.

7. Can fish that breed in rivers be raised in ponds?

OK

1. First of all, check whether there are industrial manufacturers upstream and downstream of the river. Because if there are industrial manufacturers upstream and downstream of the river, they will discharge industrial waste into the river. Even if it is treated, it will still cause a certain degree of pollution. Therefore, it is not recommended to set up farms near industrial production plants.

2. Secondly, pay attention to the growth conditions of surrounding farmland. If the farmland is in the prevention or treatment stage of certain pests and diseases, pesticides will be used, and pesticide residues will flow into the river with irrigation discharge. Therefore, it is not recommended to set up farms near farmland.

3. Pumping and drainage should be carried out in rivers in two different basins as much as possible.

4. The farm should set up a reservoir, which should occupy about one tenth of the total breeding area. After the river water is input, 2-5ppm bleaching powder should be sprayed on the whole pond to mix evenly, and the aeration pump should be turned on and turned off after about 24 hours. Wait for the reservoir to settle and the volatilization gas to evaporate for 3-5 days before it can be used for breeding.

5. Finally, observe whether there are any farmers nearby, because some farmers’ ponds are diseased and if the water discharged after spraying pesticides is used, it may cause cross-infection of fish in their own ponds and cause disease.

8. Fish breeding techniques?

1.

Stocking time selection: Fish should be released on sunny days when the temperature is not too low. Generally, the temperature should be between 2℃ and 5℃. At this stage, the fish scales are tight and the activity is small. It is not easy to injure the fish during fishing, transportation and stocking operations, which can reduce the morbidity and mortality of fish. It is easy to frostbite the fish on rainy days with low temperature or snowy, frozen and windy weather; when the temperature is too high, the fish scales are loose and the activity is large, which is easy to injure the fish during operation.

2.

Stocking of fish: Before stocking the fish, check whether the drugs have lost their effectiveness after pond cleaning. In early spring, the water temperature is low and the toxicity disappears slowly. Water should be taken in advance and test fish should be released. According to the stocking plan, individual size, density, and matching species and specifications, the fish that can be released at one time should not be released in batches, so that the fish can adapt to the environment, start eating early, and promote growth. At the same time, [Gold Iodine] should be used for drug disinfection when stocking fish.

3.

Feeding at the right time When the water temperature rises to 810℃, fish begin to eat, and the amount of food intake gradually increases with the increase of water temperature, so they should be fed in time. Feed once a day or every other day, and choose to feed at noon on a sunny day; as the water temperature continues to rise, the number of feedings can be increased to twice, that is, feeding once in the morning and once in the afternoon. Feeding should adhere to the principle of four determinations (timing, quality, positioning, and quantity), and the specific daily feeding amount should be flexibly controlled according to the weather, water temperature, and the feeding situation of fish. For grass carp weighing more than 1 jin, it is recommended to feed Da Beinong high-grade expanded feed 8103 in the early stage of feeding; for small grass carp mode, it is recommended to feed Da Beinong microecological juvenile fish special feed [Intestinal Liver Health], and the feeding rate is controlled at about 0.5%1%. This product is rich in nutrients and probiotics, which can quickly repair the fish intestines, restore the physique, and improve immunity.

Four,

Add organic fertilizer to improve the fertility of the water body. Sanyingshuiwang organic biological fertilizer has a long-lasting fertilizer effect. Yizaoyuan promotes algae growth and quickly fertilizes the water. After the fish pond is cleaned, frozen, and disinfected in winter, the fertility of the water body is low. As the saying goes, raising fish starts with raising water, so fertilizing the pond water is particularly important. In spring, it is best to apply organic fertilizer. It is recommended to use biological fertilizers rich in various trace elements [Sanyingshuiwang] or Yizaoyuan, which are rich in trace elements. The specific amount of fertilizer and frequency should be determined according to the quality of pond water and fertilizer.

The general principle is: early spring, large amount and few times, late spring, small amount and many times. Make the pool water green (including blue-green, yellow-green and bean green) or brown (including yellow-brown, reddish brown and tea-brown), the water transparency is moderate, maintained at about 30 cm, the water temperature is low in early spring, it should be controlled at 20-30 cm, the temperature is high in late spring, it should be controlled at 25-35 cm, the water quality should be kept rich, active, tender and refreshing.

9. What are the quality requirements for farmed fish?

1. Fish species

1. Different species of fish have different protein and fat content in their muscles, different meat structures, and large differences in price.

2. Different species of fish have different contents of amino acids that make up the protein in the fish meat, such as lysine, arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, etc., and the taste is also different.

3. The types and proportions of fatty acids in fish fat, especially the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), also vary, resulting in different tastes of fish.

4. DHA is a natural melatonin and an essential nutrient for the human body. Fish with high DHA content include tuna, bonito, salmon, mackerel, etc.

5. The content of the above-mentioned amino acids and DHA in the muscles of marine fish is higher than that of freshwater fish, so marine fish tastes better than freshwater fish.

6. In aquaculture, the selection of breeding species must meet the following conditions: choose suitable breeding species based on the local breeding environment and climatic conditions; examine whether they have market development prospects; the selected breeding species must not have any difficulties in terms of seedlings, feed, etc.; be able to master the feeding and management techniques of the breeding species, and invite breeding experts for regular guidance, etc.

2. Aquaculture water environment

1. Aquaculture requires sufficient water resources, fresh water quality and no pollution.

2. First, establish a farm in a place with sufficient water resources, up-to-standard water quality, convenient irrigation and drainage, and convenient transportation. Secondly, cultivate good water quality. During the breeding process, pay close attention to changes in water temperature, transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH value, etc. to ensure that the water quality always remains "rich, active, tender, and refreshing."

3. Feeding

1. Feed is the material basis for farmed fish to survive. The balance between protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins in the feed is crucial. Fish eating high-quality and fresh feed can improve their physiological state and immunity, and increase their survival rate. Fish farmed in this way have good color, normal body shape, strong vitality, firm fish meat and good taste.

2. Feed feeding: select palatable, high-quality, fresh feed according to the physiological characteristics of fish, and strictly follow the "four determinations" principle for scientific feeding; adjust the feeding amount in time according to weather conditions and fish feeding conditions; make full use of the breeding space of the water body, adopt a mixed breeding method of multiple varieties, rationally utilize the natural bait and artificial feed in the water body, improve the breeding water environment, and improve the breeding efficiency.

4. Use of fishery drugs

1. In the process of aquaculture, when cleaning ponds and disinfecting, seedlings and feeding tools, and adjusting water quality, the selection of fishery drugs should be scientific and reasonable, and special attention should be paid to the usage and dosage to prevent the quality of farmed fish from being affected by improper use of drugs.

2. The use of fishery drugs should be based on different aquaculture species and different pathogenic factors. Appropriate national standard fishery drugs should be selected, and treatment should be carried out according to the prescribed dosage, usage method, and course of treatment, and the regulations on drug withdrawal periods should be strictly implemented.

3. In breeding, we should start from the nutritional needs of animal growth, feed hygiene, breeding management and other aspects to reduce the occurrence of diseases and ensure human food safety.

10. What is the largest farmed fish?

grass carp

The fish with the highest annual output in my country is grass carp (one of China's four traditional freshwater farmed fish). The development of the six major freshwater farmed fish species is converging, with grass carp firmly in the first place and bighead carp surpassing carp to enter the top three.