CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Sporozoan disease in fish? How to quickly distinguish between bacterial and viral diseases in fish?

1. Sporozoan disease in fish?

First, we need to distinguish the type of disease and the type of fish we are raising. Sporozoa are a large class of pathogenic protozoa, and there are many types. There are many fish disease sporozoa, which can parasitize the mesentery, gills, brain, spinal cord, and internal organs. Iodine bubble worms are the main pathogenic organisms of carp. Generally, prevention and treatment are the main measures. It is too late to infect the fish. Prevention and control methods:

1. Thoroughly clean the pond with quicklime, etc. to inhibit the massive reproduction of spores and reduce the occurrence of this disease;

2. Before stocking the fish, add 500g of potassium permanganate to 1 cubic meter of water, stir to fully dissolve it, and make a solution with a concentration of 500mg/L. Soak the fish for 30 minutes, or add 500g of lime nitrogen to 1 cubic meter of water, stir to make a suspension, and soak the fish for 30 minutes. Treatment of myxosporean disease This disease is caused by myxosporeans parasitizing the skin, gills, intestines and nervous system of fish. The parts of the fish disease have cysts, which are grayish white dots and tumors. Common myxosporeans include pancake-shaped iodine spores, wild carp sulfonium spores, crucian carp iodine spores, silver carp iodine spores, etc. Symptoms: The sick fish are emaciated, the body color is black, they swim alone or restlessly and wildly, and they are extremely harmful to the fish from October to February of the following year. Treatment methods: 1. Sprinkle 1 jin of 90% crystal trichlorfon per mu of water in the whole pond, and sprinkle it again after 3 to 4 days. 2. For every 10,000 fish or 100 jin of fish, mix 75 grams of edible sulfur powder with feed and feed it for one week. 3. Add 10 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon to each jin of feed to feed fish, which can cure intestinal parasitic myxosporeans. This method is also effective for ringworm disease. Compare the following information, and it is best to consult an expert for specific practices. Other classifications 1. Madness disease is also known as silver carp madness disease, crazy knife, and silver carp iodine bubble disease. It is caused by silver carp iodine bubble parasitism in various organs and tissues of silver carp, especially the nervous system and sensory organs, such as the brain, spinal cord, parasitic lymph fluid in the cranial cavity, nerves, olfactory system, balance, and auditory systems. Silver carp fry can be infected as soon as they emerge from the membrane. At present, in production, it mainly harms silver carp of full age. When the disease is serious, it can cause a large number of sick fish to die; the meat of sick fish is not fresh and has a strong fishy smell, and it is very thin, so the commercial value of the fish that have not died is also seriously affected. This disease occurs in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and ponds across the country, especially in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. When seriously infected, the sick fish are extremely emaciated, with a large head and a small tail, with an upturned tail. The weight is only about half of that of a healthy fish. The length of the head is 2.95 times the height of the tail stalk (2.2-2.3 times for healthy fish), and the body color is dull and lusterless. The sick fish swim alone in the water, often jumping out of the water and diving back into the water, repeating this many times and dying. When dying, the head often burrows into the mud. Some swim sideways and die due to loss of balance and feeding ability, so it is called crazy disease. When the fish body is cut open, white cysts of varying sizes visible to the naked eye can be seen at the place where the silver carp iodine vesicles parasitize; the liver and spleen are atrophied, there is ascites in the abdominal cavity, and the vagus lobe of the cerebellum is significantly congested; the sick fish are severely anemic. 2. Pancake iodine vesicle disease is a serious fish disease during the grass carp seedling breeding period. It is caused by the parasitism of the pancake-shaped iodine bubble worm, which mainly parasitizes the intestinal wall of grass carp, especially the lamina propria and submucosa of the foregut. It occurs in all fish farming areas across the country, with Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei and other places being the most serious. The mortality rate can be as high as over 90%. The fry are infected 12 days after being put into the pond, causing a large number of deaths. When the water temperature is 27-30℃, it takes 12-15 days for the worm to develop a generation in the body of grass carp. When the spores aged for 6-8 months are used to artificially infect grass carp fry, 100% of them will become ill. It mainly harms grass carp with a total length of less than 5 cm, and bighead carp, silver carp and black carp mixed in the same pond are not affected. The disease is prevalent from May to July, especially from May to June. Many small white cysts are formed at the parasitic sites of the pancake-shaped iodine bubble worm, and the cysts are surrounded by connective tissue membranes formed by the host. The body color of the sick fish is black; the fish is emaciated, with a slightly swollen abdomen, light red gills, anemia, no food in the intestines, thickened foregut, and degeneration and necrosis of the intestinal wall tissue; when a large number of pancake-shaped iodine bubble worms parasitize on the spine, the fish body may bend. According to reports from Sichuan Province, pancake-shaped iodine bubble worms parasitize in the muscles of carp fry, forming white cysts. The body surface of the sick fish is uneven, and the fish grows slowly. In severe cases, the disease causes a large number of deaths. 3. Wild carp iodine bubble worm disease Wild carp iodine bubble worms parasitize on the skin and gills of dace fry and summer carp, forming many gray-white tumor-like or dot-like cysts, especially on the body surface. In severe cases, it affects the breathing and swimming of the sick fish.

2. How to quickly distinguish between bacterial and viral diseases in fish?

Generally, the distinction is made according to the symptoms. For example, enteritis can be caused by bacterial infection or by parasites. During treatment, when the symptoms are difficult to distinguish, both drugs are used at the same time.

3. How to treat fish tapeworm disease?

Tongue-shaped tapeworm disease is a fish disease caused by the sparganosis of tongue-shaped tapeworms and double-threaded tapeworms of the family Linguiniformes that parasitize many freshwater fish such as crucian carp, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, whitebait, Taihu shortnose whitebait, schizothorax, Cobitidae, Hypocritinae and Leucinae.

4. How to treat fish gill disease?

1. For bacterial gill disease, we should mainly use external sterilization and improve the water body to eliminate pathogens in the water, clean the water body to reduce pathogens and enhance the disease resistance of fish. For external drugs, use bactericides, use bleaching powder (containing more than 30% chlorine) 1-1.5 g/m3, or strong chlorine 0.3-0.5 g/m3 and other chlorine-containing agents or sterilizing drugs (such as benzalkonium bromide, chlorine dioxide, etc.) to spray the whole pond. Depending on the severity of the disease, you can apply the medicine 2-3 times continuously. For internal drugs, you can feed traditional Chinese medicine formulas or chemical drugs for clearing heat and detoxification, etc., and choose one of them to make medicine bait, and feed it continuously for 3-5 days to restore and enhance the disease resistance of fish. 2. If the disease is caused by common parasitic diseases such as Cryptochaete spp., Trichodina, Hemiptera, Trichodina, Glossocypterus, Dactylorhiza, Trichodina, and Chinese Tripterygium, you can use trichlorfon, cypermethrin, copper sulfate, etc. and insecticides sold in the market to spray the whole pond, and you can apply the medicine continuously for 2-3 times. When using copper sulfate treatment, you can also use a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) 0.7-1ppm (0.7-1.0 g/m3) to spray the whole pond.

5. How to prevent and treat fish curvature?

Fish will struggle before they die, so most of the time their bodies are bent. If you want to know the cause of death, you need to look at other characteristics; another type of fish is that its body is already bent before it dies. The S-shaped body is a very difficult disease to cure. Long-bodied fish will bend, and short-bodied fish will somersault. The more species of fish you raise, the more experience you will have.

Fish farming needs attention:

1. General household tap water is fine, but tap water contains chlorine. We need to use a fish tank or other water basin to fill it with tap water and leave it for at least 24 hours to wait for the chlorine in our hands to evaporate. This is healthy;

2. Put the fish you bought into clean water and sprinkle a little fish sterilization salt to sterilize the water;

3. Pay attention to the feeding of fish. Fish are not afraid of hunger but they cannot stand fullness. If you keep feeding fish, they will keep eating until they are full to death. Normally, you only need to feed fish once every 2-3 days.

4. Don’t raise too many fish at one time. If your fish tank is small, raising too many fish will cause oxygen in the water. It would be best if you buy a small air pump for fish farming.

5. When you first buy fish, please note that you should not change the water or feed them for 2-3 days;

6. Change the water for fish once every 5-7 days, and feed them once every 3-4 days. Fish are not afraid of starvation, but they cannot stand being full.

7. It is best to use soda water to clean the fish tank. If you don’t have soda water, just use clean water or tap water. Never use soap or detergent to clean it.

8. If you find abnormalities on the fish's body or head, or white or yellow spots, it may be due to excessive bacteria in the water. You should sprinkle some bactericidal salt on the abnormal parts and change to clear water in time.

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6. How to prevent and treat fish mullet disease?

Summer is the best period for fish growth and development, and it is also the peak period for fish diseases. Common fish diseases include infectious fish diseases, parasitic fish diseases and pond flooding. 1. Common fish diseases in adult fish farming 1. Infectious fish diseases: Infectious fish diseases include hemorrhagic diseases caused by viruses and enteritis, red skin and gill rot caused by bacteria. These three diseases are also called the "old three diseases". Preventive measures are: ① Spray the entire pond with 1ppm bleaching powder or a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) at a concentration of 0.7ppm 1-2 times every 10-15 days; ② The use of drug hanging bags for flow-through farming is more effective, and a course of treatment is hung every 10-15 days. You can use a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) of 150 grams per bag, or bleaching powder of 250 grams per bag into the water, and hang it for three consecutive days. You can also use 5-10 kg of quicklime to spray the whole pond. ③ For hemorrhagic disease, you can use "Kebaoling" produced by Wuhan Keyang to spray the whole pond. Calculated at a water depth of 1 meter, each bottle is 10 mu, or copper sulfate 0.7ppm is sprayed on the whole pond for two consecutive days, once a day. ④ Enteritis, red skin, and gill rot often manifest as complications. You can use Antechlorhydantoin produced by Beijing Zhongda Ant, spraying the whole pond with 4 mu per bottle, or use 1ppm bleaching powder to spray the whole pond. 2. Parasitic fish diseases: Parasitic fish diseases include Chinese mullet, ringworm, anchor mullet and fish mullet diseases. You can use "Kechongwang B" produced by Wuhan Keyang, spraying the whole pond with 5 mu per bottle, or fish dichlorvos produced by Beijing Zhongda Ant, 4 mu per bag. 2. Common fish diseases of fish species 1. Infectious fish diseases of fish species: Common diseases include enteritis, red skin, gill rot, white head and white mouth, tail rot, etc. The treatment measures are as follows: ① The treatment of enteritis, red skin, and gill rot is the same as that of adult fish farming; ② White head and white mouth, calculated based on an average water depth of 1 meter, use 15 kg of quicklime to spray the entire pond; ③ Tail rot is also called tail stalk disease, calculated based on an average water depth of 1 meter, use Antechlorhydrin to spray the entire pond with each bottle of 4 mu. 2. Parasitic fish diseases: The treatment of parasitic fish diseases such as Chinese mullet, ringworm, anchor mullet, and fish mullet is the same as that of adult fish farming. In addition, there are parasitic diseases caused by protozoa, such as wheelworm, oblique tube worm, and small claw worm disease. Wheelworm and oblique tube worm can be treated with a bottle of cyproconidia B, 5 mu per bottle, or 0.7ppm copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) sprayed throughout the pond. The treatment of microcarposis can be treated by spraying 1-2 g/m (water depth) of methylene blue throughout the pond. 3. Flooding: Flooding is very easy to occur in ponds in summer. It is a phenomenon of fish death caused by insufficient dissolved oxygen in the pond water, which often occurs from May to September. Under normal circumstances, when the weather is hot and humid, the pressure drops on cloudy days, and after heavy rains, foam will appear in the pond with fishy smell, and fish and shrimps often float on the water surface and gather at the edge of the pond. The preventive measures are as follows: 1. The transparency of the pond water should be maintained at 20-25 cm, and the water should be changed every 10-15 days. If the water concentration is too high, new water should be added in time. If the water source conditions are poor, a water storage pool can be set up. Turn on the machine for about 2 hours at noon on sunny days. 2. Pay attention to the pond inspection. If flooding is found, turn on the aerator immediately, inject new water at the same time, and reduce or stop feeding. 3. Spraying the whole pond with alum or gypsum powder also has a certain effect.

7. How to treat fish printing disease?

Measures for treating fish printing disease: (1) 1 mg/L of bleaching powder or 0.3-0.5 g/m3 of trichloroisocyanuric acid, spray all over the pond for 2-3 times; (2) When the broodstock are sick, the affected area can be cleaned with 1% potassium permanganate solution, or the moisture on the lesion can be absorbed with gauze, and then smeared with chlortetracycline or tetracycline ointment. (3) When the disease is serious, it is necessary to inject streptomycin sulfate intramuscularly or intraperitoneally, 20 mg per kilogram of fish; or chlortetracycline, 5,000 international units per kilogram of fish.

8. What is white skin disease in fish?

It's too easy! The first line of defense of fish is a layer of mucus on the outside of the body, which is used for non-specific immunity and resists external microorganisms. Once the integrity of this layer is destroyed, pathogens have a breakthrough. In epidemiology, many bacteria and fungi are infected and become ill due to trauma. For example, Saprolegnia, Trichoderma, Edwardsiella tarda, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aquaticus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas albicans, Myxococcus ichthyophilus, etc. For example, Pseudomonas fluorescens, the pathogen of red skin disease, cannot invade the fish body if the fish body is intact and has no external trauma or parasites. However, it will invade when there is mechanical trauma or parasite bites that cause injuries.

9. What are the symptoms of fish printing disease?

Prevalence: The disease is a bacterial skin disease caused by Aeromonas punctata, characterized by skin rot and ulcers.

The pathogen is a conditional pathogen that will only infect the fish when it is damaged. It is common in summer and autumn.

Clinical symptoms: The lesions mainly occur on the trunk behind the dorsal fin and on both sides of the abdomen. The lesions appear as round or oval erythema, like a red seal on the fish body. The skin at the lesion site becomes congested, hemorrhagic and inflamed, forming ulcers, which are clearly demarcated from the surrounding normal tissues. In severe cases, bones or internal organs are exposed.

Treatment: Povidone iodine, spray the whole pond at a concentration of 0.15ml/m3 of water, mix with feed and take norfloxacin orally, 30mg/kg body weight, once a day for 3-5 days.

10. How to prevent and control cuprizoosis in fish?

This is caused by fish injury or poor water quality. The prevention and control method is to soak the fish in furazolidone solution. You can also put antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin in the fish tank. The dosage is 500,000 to 800,000 international units per 50 kg of water. Fish live in water and absorb dissolved oxygen in the water through their gills. The large number of pathogens in the water can easily infect the gills, so the incidence of gill disease is very high. There are many types of fish gill diseases. In order to accurately diagnose and use drugs reasonably, gill diseases can be divided into the following six types: Bacterial gill disease symptoms: The gill filaments of diseased fish have increased mucus, turn black, and are covered with dirt. Severe gill filaments rot and expose bone strips. Pathogen: Poor water quality stimulates the gill tissue, causing the fish to be infected by myxococci, columnar bacteria or other bacteria. Prevention and control methods: (1) Adjust the water quality and eliminate pathogens. First, add new water frequently; second, use Super Bacteria Cleaner A to treat old water to kill pathogens; third, use an aerator to stir the water to increase the exchange of water between the upper and lower layers. (2) Use 0.2-0.4ppm furazolidone to spray the whole pond for treatment, which has significant effects. It can also be prevented and controlled by spraying bleaching powder or other oxygen-containing preparations throughout the pond. (3) Feed bactericidal bait or mix three yellow powder with antibiotics and feed. Symptoms of fungal gill disease: black gill filaments and mycelium. It occurs in ponds with aged water quality during high temperature seasons. Pathogen: gill fungus. Prevention and control methods: Use quicklime to thoroughly clean the pond, and the diseased fish must be destroyed. Malachite green or chlorine dioxide has a certain inhibitory effect on this fungus. The fish pond where the disease occurs needs a large amount of water replacement to improve the water quality. Symptoms of parasitic gill disease: After the early spring, the overwintering fish are weak and the water quality is dirty, which often causes the disease in fish species. Spring fish species often swim in groups at the edge of the pond or downwind. Microscopic examination shows that they are mostly parasitic, such as oblique tube worms and cup body worms. When the disease occurs in the fry pond in summer, the common diseased fish usually float to the surface in groups on sunny days, as if they are lacking oxygen. When they are tamed, they do not go to the feeding table or disperse and continue to float on the water surface after eating for a while. Their appetite is obviously reduced and their growth is slow. When the gill covers of the diseased fish are opened, tissue hyperplasia and increased mucus can be seen. Pathogen: caused by large-scale parasitism of protozoa such as trichodina, trichuriasis gillata, and sphenobarbus. Treatment: (1) Soak the fish in a comprehensive soaking agent when entering the wintering pond in autumn or dividing the pond in spring. (2) Spray the whole pond with copper sulfate plus potassium permanganate 0.5ppm. (3) Spray the whole pond with copper sulfate plus ferrous sulfate 0.7ppm. Symptoms of trematode gill disease: The diseased fish are restless and often jump out of the water, or "explode" during feeding, and the gill filaments are swollen and adhered. Pathogen: caused by large-scale parasitism of monogenetic trematodes such as Dactylopsis, Trichodina, and Sinophylla, often complicated by bacterial gill rot. Treatment: (1) Spray 0.5-1ppm of trichlorfon throughout the pond. (2) Spray 0.3-0.4ppm of super bacteria net type a throughout the pond. You can also spray bleaching powder, chlormethin, chlorine dioxide and other fungicides throughout the pond to prevent secondary bacterial infection. (3) Inject some new water every other day after medication to help the fish recover their appetite. Hemorrhagic gill disease (vascular aneurysm) Due to poor water quality, the proliferation of blue catfish, excessive ammonia content in the water, chemical pollution, and stimulation from pesticides and other pesticides, the gill microvessels produce organic lesions and form aneurysms, which can be identified under a microscope. Prevention and control methods: (1) Change a large amount of water or apply water quality improvers to adjust the water quality. (2) Spray 0.2-0.3ppm of furazolidone throughout the pond to prevent secondary bacterial infection. Symptoms of nutritional gill disease: gill filaments are bent, gill lamellae are bent, atrophied, and arranged irregularly. Cause: Due to the lack of pantothenic acid or other nutritional imbalances in the feed, the fish's immune ability is reduced, which is prone to bacterial infection and parasite invasion. Treatment: Rationally formulate feed to balance amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, calcium scales, vitamins and trace elements and multiple nutritional indicators. Due to the slightest carelessness when catching and transporting ornamental fish, the fish's skin is injured, or the skin is damaged by parasites. The spores of the mold invade the wound, absorb nutrients, and germinate rapidly. One end of the hyphae goes deep into the muscle, and the other end grows outward to form cotton-like hyphae. When the mold first parasitizes, it is not easy to find it with the naked eye; when the naked eye can see it, the hyphae has invaded the fish's wound and grown from the outside to the inside. The hyphae and the cell tissue of the wound are entangled and adhered, causing tissue necrosis. As the cotton-like hyphae increase day by day, the fish body is overloaded, causing abnormal swimming, loss of appetite, and gradual thinning, leading to death. When infected with mold, it is also affected by the length of light exposure. Long periods of continuous rain or insufficient indoor lighting, sunlight, and other light sources can promote the growth of mold. The skin of fish infected with mold is usually covered with a layer of white film, especially in black and red fish, which makes the fish lose its luster. Then the fish become sluggish and often appear sluggish, floating on the water surface. If not treated in time, the mold spreads on the fish, the muscles of the affected area rot, the appetite decreases, and eventually leads to death. [Treatment Method] Skin mold disease can occur all year round, but is most common in early spring and late winter. In order to prevent the occurrence of Saprolegniasis, care should be taken to avoid damaging the fish and parasite bites during operation, and a small amount of salt can be added to the water to inhibit the occurrence of Saprolegniasis. When the fish is found to be infected with Saprolegniasis, it can be soaked in 3% salt water once a day for 5 to 10 minutes each time to inhibit the growth of mold. Raise the water temperature to 32 degrees to inhibit the growth of Saprolegniasis. It is best to install a 15-watt ultraviolet lamp on the top of the aquarium and irradiate it for several hours a day to effectively inhibit or eliminate the growth of water mold.