CATDOLL : CATDOLL: In what kind of environment can turbot be farmed?

1. What kind of environment is needed to breed turbot?

The survival water temperature of adult fish is 2-36℃, the suitable growth temperature is 16-32℃, and the optimal growth water temperature is 21-26℃. The water temperature during the seedling period is generally 16-20℃ (Guangdong is suitable for breeding all year round).

Content expansion:

1. In the natural environment, turbot is carnivorous in feeding habits. Juveniles feed on crustaceans, while adults prey on small fish and shrimps. Under artificial breeding conditions, after domestication, they are mainly fed with high-energy granular compound feed.

2. Turbot is a bottom-dwelling fish, so the light should not be too strong, 500-1500 Lux is appropriate. The light should be uniform, soft, not glaring, and comfortable. The light rhythm should be the same as natural light.

3. Turbot is a cold-water fish that tolerates a temperature range of 3~23℃. The suitable temperature for breeding is 10~20℃. It grows faster in water temperatures of 14~19℃. The best water temperature for breeding is 15~18℃.

2. Is artificially cultivated turbot a freshwater fish? Attached is the cultivation technology

Artificially farmed turbot is not a freshwater fish. The flat body of turbot is particularly suitable for living on the seabed. It is a Nordic cold-water fish with strict requirements on seawater parameters such as temperature. The fish mainly inhabits the sandy seabed of shallow seas. In the natural environment, it is carnivorous and feeds on crustaceans when it is a juvenile. Turbot is naturally distributed along the European coast on the east side of the Atlantic Ocean. It is commonly found in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, as well as the waters from 68°N, far from the coast of Iceland.

1. Is artificially cultivated turbot a freshwater fish?

1. Artificially cultivated turbot is not a freshwater fish. The body of turbot is relatively flat and suitable for living on the seabed. It is a Nordic cold-water fish. It has strict requirements on seawater indicators such as temperature. The highest lethal temperature is 28-30°C, the lowest lethal temperature is 1-2°C, the highest growth temperature is 21-27°C, the lowest growth temperature is 7-8°C, and the optimal growth temperature is 14-17°C.

2. Turbot mainly inhabits the sandy seabed of shallow seas. In the natural environment, it is carnivorous. Juveniles mainly feed on crustaceans. As the fish grows, they can gradually feed on various fish. The prey mainly includes spotted mullet, striped mullet, white mullet and grass shrimp. Under artificial breeding conditions, it is mainly fed with high-energy granular compound feed.

3. Turbot is naturally distributed along the European coast on the east side of the Atlantic Ocean, and is commonly found in the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. It is distributed from the waters off the coast of Iceland at 68°N in the north, along the coast of the Scandinavian Peninsula to the south, all the way to the waters off the coast of Morocco at 30°N. Turbot is also distributed along the coasts of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, and is mainly distributed in the North Sea, inhabiting sandy, gravel or mixed bottom seas at a depth of 20-70 meters.

2. Turbot farming technology

1. Water quality is very important for breeding turbot. As turbot is a cold-water fish, the suitable growth temperature is about 10-23°C, and it grows fastest at about 15-19°C. During the breeding period, the water circulation should be appropriately increased, so as to achieve a good sewage discharge effect and promote clean water quality. At the same time, a high dissolved oxygen environment should be created, which is conducive to the growth of turbot and can also improve its anti-stress response.

2. Seedling cultivation is also very important for turbot farming. Good seedling cultivation will determine the economic benefits of turbot in the future. When purchasing, you must try to choose fry that is more than 5 cm long, and the place where you buy fry must be formal. The fry must have a smooth and flowing appearance, and there must be no damage or disability on the surface.

3. The breeding density of turbot should be determined according to the growth stage and breeding scale of the fish. If the breeding density is too high, it will be difficult to manage and easy to cause diseases, resulting in large-scale death of fish. If the breeding density is too low, it will be detrimental to water quality management, waste breeding space, and lead to low yield and low income.

3. How to raise turbot

Temporary storage method of small seafood:

1. Use circulating water to convert cool and clean seawater for a long time to irrigate the trays containing small seafood;

2. The water temperature should be controlled within 18 degrees Celsius;

3. The depth of water should not exceed 2CM;

4. It is best to find some clean sand and bury the small seafood in it so that they can live longer.

5. Be careful not to expose to strong light or direct sunlight.

It is not easy to raise live seafood in a hotel. Water temperature, salinity, water change frequency, and mixed breeding are all knowledge. Before introducing the water temperature, salinity (the number of grams of salt contained in 1 kg of seawater is called salinity), and taboos for raising live seafood in some seafood varieties, let us first look at what are the necessary items for raising live seafood in a hotel? 1. Thermometer - measure the water temperature of the seafood pool.

2. Seawater concentration meter (also known as salinity meter) - monitors the salt concentration in the seafood pool.

3. Thermostat - provides heat energy.

4. Oxygen pump - produces oxygen for a single seafood pool.

5. Circulating water equipment - makes the water in the seafood pool circulate up and down, left and right, and naturally oxygenates during the flow.

6. Refrigeration equipment - to lower the water temperature in the pool.

7. Filter - filter impurities in pool water.

Water temperature, salinity, survival period and feeding methods of common seafood species:

Australian lobster: The water temperature is 12-15℃ in summer and 18-19℃ in winter, and the salinity is 24-26%. Lobsters can generally survive for a week. If the water is not muddy, the water can be changed every three months. Because Australian lobsters are vigorous and active, it is best not to raise them together with other seafood except crayfish.

Small green dragon (crayfish): water temperature 17-18 ℃, salinity 24-26%, generally can survive 3-4 days. Can be mixed with lobsters.

Turbot and knife fish: Water temperature is 18-19℃, salinity is 16-18%. They can be fed for up to 15 days, and the water should be changed once a week. The two can be raised together.

Flower crabs, Dungeness crabs, swimming crabs, and roe crabs: water temperature is 17-19℃, salinity is 23-24%, they can generally survive for 7 days, and all crabs can be raised together.

Clams and razor clams: water temperature 13-15℃, salinity 12-15%, can survive for about 5 days, generally fed with flowing water, and there is generally no taboo on mixed breeding of these shellfish, but because of their small size, they are placed separately.

The farming techniques for turbot are as follows;

1. Seedlings and seed selection

(1) Specifications

The breeding technology of desert flounder and brown flounder is similar and easy to master in production. Generally, when the fry grows to more than 5 cm, they can be put into large ponds. It is best to put the fry when the size is more than 8 cm. At this time, the physique of the fry is enhanced, the disease resistance is improved, and the fry have strong adaptability after entering the pond, which is easy to improve the survival rate.

(2) Seedling selection

When purchasing seedlings, pay attention to choosing seedlings with complete body shape, normal body color, no deformities, no albinism, no damage to the fins, fast swimming, uniform size, no disease, and no parasites on the gills.

(3) Seedling planting time

For outdoor breeding, the fry should be released when the water temperature is above 18℃, preferably from April to May each year. If the water temperature is too low too early, the fry will have difficulty adapting and even reduce the survival rate; if the water temperature is too low too early, it will affect the growth of the fry into commercial fish that year.

(4) Stocking density

In pond farming, 500 to 800 fish are stocked per mu; in pond cage farming, 100 to 200 fish are stocked in each 3m×3m×1.5m cage; in sea cage farming, 300 to 400 fish are stocked in each 3m×3m×3.5m cage; in factory greenhouse farming, about 20 fish are stocked per square meter.

2. Pond selection

Existing shrimp ponds can be used for breeding with a little modification. The water depth is required to be about 1.5 meters, the water source is sufficient, the water quality is fresh and pollution-free, and there are good water inlet and outlet facilities. Before stocking, the pond bottom must be treated. The pond needs to be dried and silted, the pond bottom needs to be loosened, and the pond needs to be weathered and exposed for more than 10 days. The water inlet is 30 cm to 50 cm, and disinfected with bleaching powder. The effective chlorine content in the pond water is more than 10ppm. The bleaching powder containing 25% to 30% chlorine is generally applied at more than 40 grams per cubic meter of water.

2. Cultivation and Management

1. Water quality and water changes

The quality of aquaculture water is related to the success or failure of aquaculture. During the entire aquaculture process, we must pay attention to carefully observe the changes in water temperature and water quality, and regularly measure water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, sulfide concentration, etc. The regulation of pond aquaculture water can be controlled by adjusting the amount of water change. The amount of water change is proportional to the water temperature.

2. Bait nutrition and processing

The desert flounder is a carnivorous bottom-dwelling fish. Mix the vitamins with flour, then mix with fish meal and yeast powder, then add fish oil and mix evenly, add fresh fish and fresh shrimp (or crush frozen fish and shrimp), put the above mixture into a granulator and stir to make pellet feed. The raw materials for processing wet pellet feed are mainly Spanish mackerel, sardines, mackerel, noodle fish, bluefish and other fish, which must be fresh. Those with poor freshness or frozen for too long cannot be used. During the breeding process, vitamin C, vitamin E and multivitamins can be added to the feed to enhance the nutrition of the fish and prevent illness due to nutritional deficiency. It should be noted that the processed bait should be fed on the same day, and the remaining bait should be properly frozen and stored. The maximum storage time should not exceed 2 days to prevent deterioration.

Commercial baits that meet nutritional requirements can be used. Note that when the water temperature is low or high, the number of times and amount of feeding can be appropriately reduced. In principle, there should be no leftover bait, and no feeding before the medicated bath.

Regularly mixing feed can make fish fat and delicious, enhance physical fitness, improve immunity, and effectively increase production, which is very useful for fishing competitions.