CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to farm bighead carp at home

How to raise bighead carp at home

Bighead carp is a filter-feeding fish. The general small-scale family farming model can fertilize the water to cultivate bait, ferment animal manure and then spray it throughout the pond, or dissolve chemical fertilizers in water and then spray it throughout the pond.

How to write bighead carp breeding and operation procedures

I am not familiar with this field, so I found some information and hope it will be helpful to you.

1. Freshwater fish reservoir breeding technology

1) Artificial stocking (specifications of fish species for stocking in reservoirs)

Reservoir type Silver carp Bighead carp Grass carp Carp

Small (<1000 acres) Rich 10-11 10-11 8-9 2-3

Generally 13-14 13-14 10-11 2-3

Poor 16-17 16-17 13-14 4

Medium-sized (1,000-10,000 mu) Rich 10-12 10-12 10-11 3-4

Normal 14-15 14-15 11-12 3-4

Poor 16-17 16-17 14-15 4-5

Large (>10,000 mu) Rich 13-14 13-14 12-13 3-4

Normal 15-16 15-16 12-14 3-4

Poor 8 18 16 4-5

(I) Artificial stocking in reservoirs

Artificial stocking in reservoirs is basically the same as that in lakes. However, since the natural bait is relatively simple, mainly plankton, there are few aquatic higher plants and benthic animals, especially shellfish, so the proportion of silver carp and bighead carp stocked is generally higher than that in lakes. In some reservoirs, it accounts for more than 90% of the total stocking, while black carp and grass carp are rarely stocked.

From these two tables, we can see that the size and density of fish species released in large water areas of reservoirs should be flexibly controlled according to the actual situation. In the early stage of water storage in a newly built reservoir, the water is large and the fish are sparse, the bait is very abundant, and the bait competitors and ferocious fish for the released fish are scarce. At this time, small-size and high-density stocking can be carried out, and even summer flower fish species can also have a good effect. For example: There is a 4,000-acre reservoir in Yin County, Zhejiang Province. Water was stored on May 20, 1973, and 640,000 summer flower fish species such as silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, and carp were released on June 3. In 1974, more than 50,000 kilograms of adult fish were caught.

(II) Fish farming in reservoir bays (reservoir network interception and reservoir bay fish breeding indicators)

Cultivated species 1-year-old fish fingerlings ...2-year-old fish fingerlings

Block mesh size (cm) 0.8-1.3 1.3-1.8 3.0-3.5 4.0-5.0

Polyethylene wire

Specifications 0.21/3x2 0.21/3x2 0.21/3x3 0.21/3x3

0.21/3x4

Cultivation time (month) 7-11 7-11 12-5 5-12

Stocking size (cm) 5.0-5.6 6.6-8.3 11.6-13.2 16.5-19.8

Cultivation specifications (cm) 11.6-13.2 13.2-16.5 16.5-19.8 0.25-0.5 (kg)

Mixing ratio (silver carp: bighead carp) 70:30 70:30 60:40 60:40

Stocking density (tails/mu) 3000 2500-3000 500-1000 200-500

1. Tulankuwan Tulankuwan is actually a small reservoir, which is convenient for clearing the fields and removing pests. It is possible to implement measures such as feeding and fertilizing to obtain higher yields.

(1) Location selection

The earthen dam bay should have a large belly and a small mouth, a flat bottom, no water leakage at the dam foundation, be able to drain and clear the reservoir in the dry season, maintain a water level of 2 to 10 meters in the bay, be pollution-free, have fertile water quality, and sufficient sunlight; the catchment area should be moderate and the flood should not be too severe. The area should be within 200 mu, preferably not more than 1,000 mu.

(2) Dam construction

There are two types of earth dams: homogeneous earth dams and clay core wall earth dams. Homogeneous earth dams are built with soil that contains 50% to 70% sand and 30% to 50% clay. Clay core wall earth dams use soil with high permeability as the dam body and clay as the core wall in the middle. The dam height should be slightly higher than the normal water level of the reservoir. When the flood is too large and the water level exceeds the dam top, a low net can be installed on the dam top to prevent escape. The dam surface should have sufficient width. When the dam height is 6 to 11 meters, the dam width should be 3 to 4 meters. The inclination of the earth dam slope should depend on the dam soil and dam height. Sandy soil dams should have gentle slopes, clay dams can be slightly steep, and high dams should have gentle slopes. Generally, for dams within 10 meters in height, the inner slope is 1:1.5 to 2, the outer slope is 1:1.5, and the slope ratio near the bottom of the dam should be 1:2 or 1:3. The slope surface can be protected by blocks or gravel. In order to control the water level, culverts and opening and closing devices need to be installed, and spillways should be built.

3) Clean up the base and eliminate pests

Buildings, tree stumps, large rocks, and earth piles at the bottom of the reservoir should be removed and leveled to facilitate fishing. Wild fish and ferocious fish in the reservoir bay should also be removed, which can be done by draining, cleaning the pond with drugs, fishing, electric shock, explosion, and other methods.

(4) Fish breeding

Tulan Reservoir Bay has good conditions for fish farming. While making full use of natural bait, it can also apply a large amount of fertilizer and feed, and the water environment is easy to control. Therefore, Tulan Reservoir Bay is generally used to cultivate silver carp and bighead carp species (with a small amount of other fish species). Silver carp is the main species, and 10% to 20% bighead carp can be added; bighead carp is the main species, and silver carp is not released. There are generally three ways: Cultivating summer flowers: Cultivating from fry to 3-5 cm summer flowers. The water in the reservoir bay is required to be shallow, with an area of ​​less than 30 mu. The stocking density is 80,000 to 120,000 tails per mu. Apply sufficient basal fertilizer before stocking, and put the fertilized water into the pond. During the cultivation process, a combination of bait and fertilizer is used for breeding. Cultivating winter flake fish: that is, cultivating from 3-5 cm summer flowers to winter flake fish with a body length of more than 13 cm, and also using sufficient basal fertilizer, fertilizing water and releasing fish, and topdressing and bait in combination. Generally, 4,000 fish can be released per mu, and after 3 months, about 2,500 fish can grow to 13 cm in length. The stocking density can be higher under good conditions. Cultivate 2-year-old fish: that is, cultivate fish with a body length of 10 to 13 cm into large-sized fish with a body length of more than 20 cm. A certain degree of mixed breeding can be carried out, and the stocking density is generally 1,500 to 2,000 fish per mu, and generally use a larger reservoir bay.

2. Netting the bay

There are certain similarities between fish farming in net-barrier bays and fish farming in earth-barrier bays. The differences are: the area is generally larger, up to several thousand mu; the base of the net is lower, requiring the water depth to be maintained at about 2 meters even in the dry season; the nets are now mostly double-layered, and the setting method is the same as that of fish-barrier facilities; the water body in the bay is connected to the large water body, and the water level changes with the change of the reservoir water level; generally, fish are mainly raised with natural bait, so the stocking density is generally smaller than that of earth-barrier bays, and mainly larger-sized fish or adult fish are raised. In the case of better net-barrier bays, with a higher level of technology and sufficient fertilizer, net-barrier bays can also cultivate small-sized fish species, even from fry to summer flowers, and the stocking density can be very high. For example, the Gaozhou Reservoir in Guangdong Province adopts the large grass cultivation method, and puts in a large amount of green manure to improve the water quality. In the first-level net pen area with an area of ​​10 mu and a water depth of 1.5 to 2 meters, 50,000 to 100,000 grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, and dace are released per mu to cultivate 3 to 5 cm summer flowers; then they are put into the second-level net pen area with an area of ​​100 to 180 mu and an average water depth of 2 to 3 meters (density of 8,000 to 15,000 per mu) to cultivate 7 cm fingerlings; finally, the 7 cm fingerlings are put into the third-level reservoir bay with an area of ​​800 to 900 mu and a water depth of 8 to 12 meters (density of 2,000 to 3,000 per mu) to cultivate large-sized fish of more than 13 cm. The first, second, and third-level net pen areas are directly connected together.

3. Fishing in Kuwan

Fishing in reservoir bays is difficult, mainly because the water is deep and the bottom is uneven. Xin'anjiang Reservoir uses a net trap, and the water lifting rate can reach 90%. The main method is to throw a large amount of bait on the feeding table to attract fish, and then gradually drag the feeding table into the net. After the fish are stabilized in the net, the net is quickly floated. In the deep and wide reservoir bays, the combined fishing method of "driving, blocking, and trapping" can be used for fishing; in the small earth dam reservoir bays, the drag net can be used for trapping, and the effect is also good.

2. Lead running fishing method

In the actual fishing process, in addition to adjusting the float, changing the fishing gear, adjusting the specific gravity and state of the bait to adapt to the fish situation and fish information, "running lead" is also a way to deal with it. There are four forms of "running lead" that I have come across: "big running lead", "bottom sinker running line", "small running lead" and "live lead". Below I will briefly introduce the use of these four forms:

1. "Big Lead Run"

I think "running lead" is similar to traditional fishing in the early years - the lead sinker is lying flat on the bottom of the water. The adjustment of the float is relatively simple, as long as the lead sinker can pull the float completely into the water. Note! It is pulled completely into the water. The reason is very simple: it is to make the lead sinker lie flat on the bottom of the water. The sub-line of "running lead" is generally not long (about 10 cm) and has good flexibility, which is conducive to fish swallowing and fast transmission of fish information. "Running lead" can be divided into two forms: dead sinker and live sinker. Dead sinker, as the name suggests, is a fixed, immovable lead sinker, such as a lead seat with a swivel. It is mostly used for hand-pole fishing for large carp, grass carp, catfish, black fish and long-pole short-line fishing (commonly known as "cannon"). Live sinker is a lead sinker that can slide on the main line (main line), such as a through-heart sinker, a lead seat for table fishing (the kind that needs to be fixed with space beans on both sides of Figure A), etc. It is mostly used for hand-sea fishing and casting rods (sea rods).

Features of "Big Running Lead":

1. It is easy to adjust the fishing, simple to operate, and the requirements for the fishing gear are not high.

2. It can effectively prevent miscellaneous fish from disturbing the float and there are almost no small movements.

3. The fish signals are obvious and have a good correspondence with the fish catching rate. Most of the fish caught are “dead” fish.

4. It is convenient for beginners and people with poor vision.

5. It belongs to the category of fishing too slow and easy to lose the bite.

Jokingly speaking, it is a "fishing method with no sensitivity at all". However, it is still loved by many anglers who like leisure and wild fishing because of its wide application, suitability for winter fishing and easy to catch "big fish". You can also try this method when there are a lot of small fish or when you are catching big fish, and you may get an unexpected surprise.

Second, it is the “bottom falling running line”.

This is what we usually call "running lead" - a method widely used by anglers to catch old fish and embarrassing fish at the bottom. The difference between it and "big running lead" is that the lead pendant "stands" vertically on the bottom of the water, and it is much more sensitive than "big running lead". The specific operation method is: no hook off the bottom, adjust the water level (or N mesh), the fishing mesh is generally set between 0.5~2 mesh (or <N+0.5>~<N+2> mesh), the sub-line should be short (about 10 cm) and soft (to facilitate timely and effective transmission of fish information).

The "bottom sinker running line" fishing method is a bit like an improved version of traditional fishing. Its characteristics are:

1. The closer the fishing eye is to the adjustment eye, the more sensitive it is, and vice versa. Moreover, under normal circumstances, even if the fishing eye is set at the root of the float sight rod, the lead pendant is "vertical" on the bottom of the water. If you are interested, you may wish to verify it in a fish tank or a test barrel.

2. The float has fewer small movements and has a certain resistance to disturbance (such as disturbance by small fish).

3. The fish signals are steady and the fish catching rate is high.

4. Suitable for fishing in waters with miscellaneous fish and for fishing old fish and ugly fish.

The above two methods are to sink the lead directly to the bottom. I dare to classify them as traditional fishing - so the sensitivity will be greatly reduced, suitable for leisure and wild fishing. In other words, "long lead running" and "bottom sinker running line" are suitable for fishing fresh fish, old fish and embarrassing fish, but for light fish, slippery fish and swishing fish, it seems "willing but not strong enough"...

With the introduction of "suspended bottom fishing" (commonly known as "Taiwan fishing") and the continuous efforts of many predecessors and masters in the fishing community, suspended bottom fishing has gradually derived many unique fishing methods, such as "one mark depth" for fish far from the bottom, "floating fishing" in the middle waters, "fishing for water skin" (fishing for turning over) in the upper waters, etc. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, which are both interrelated and slightly different. I believe that anglers will have their own opinions and methods of using Taiwan fishing, so I will not say more. Since we are talking about "running lead", I will introduce the "small running lead" specifically for light, slippery, and swishing fish and the "live lead" fishing method for "random bites" in Taiwan fishing.

3. "Small lead running". Changing it to "small lead running" may be easier for everyone to understand. It is a method of pulling the lead pendant higher as a whole and only letting the "figure 8 ring" touch the bottom based on the special fishing conditions.

The specific operation is: With the hook off the bottom, adjust the water level (or N mesh), then remove the hook to see how many meshes the float has at this time, assuming it is 2 meshes (or <N+2> meshes), then move the lead weight up by about 10~15 cm as a whole, it is best not to hook to find the bottom (the reason will be mentioned later), and let the float show <2+0.5> mesh (or <N+2+0.5> mesh) when finding the bottom. After finding the bottom, tie the hook and throw it in (the sub-line should be soft and 15 cm long), pay attention to how many meshes the float shows at this time, if there is no change, it is best; if the number of meshes of the float becomes larger-it means that the sub-line has support, you can move the float down to <2+0.5> mesh (or <N+2+0.5> mesh) appropriately-this is why I "find the bottom without hooking", then hang the bait and throw it out, if the number of meshes of the float is basically unchanged-it is a real bottom, start fishing! If the number of meshes of the float changes, it means: the bottom may be a false bottom-the bottom was found "over the bottom" at the beginning! If the mesh size becomes larger, move the float down; if the mesh size becomes smaller, change the specific gravity of the bait and use a lighter one. In short, try to ensure that the fishing mesh is 〈half-water mesh size without hook + 0.5〉.

Features of "Trot Lead":

1. It can effectively filter out the food-seeking signals of light, slippery and chewy fish, and mainly catch the "dead mouth" and "runaway mouth" signals, which will greatly increase the fish catching rate.

2. It slows down the speed of the bait falling before it reaches the bottom. The overall upward movement of the lead weight is equivalent to extending the length of the sub-line, increasing the "swing amplitude" - the dynamic effect is obvious, the fish-attracting effect is enhanced, and it is easy to attract fish to chase the bait down, test it many times, swallow it - and be caught! :)...

3. The "Figure-8 Ring" is equivalent to adding a small piece of lead to the "long line", which amplifies the fish signal and enables us to accurately capture the information of catching fish by lifting the rod.

The "trotting lead" fishing method is a basic skill that competitive anglers must have. In special fishing conditions (such as winter greenhouse competitions), the quality of the "trotting lead" technique may be the key to "life or death". Of course, this fishing method can also be used for leisure and wild fishing, but its disadvantage is that it is not resistant to the disturbance of other fish, which is worrying.

However, you can try the "mother-sinker" (that is, add a proper amount of lead to the "figure 8 ring" to make it a "sub-sinker", which is used in the same way as the "trotting lead"). I often use this method when fishing in winter, and I feel that the effect is good. In addition, we often see many anglers not letting the "figure 8 ring" reach the bottom during fishing, and they will also move the lead sinker up as a whole. In fact, this is a kind of response when fishing for "slow fish", just like the characteristics of "trotting lead" in points 2 and 3, which is to increase the chance of catching fish.

4. "Live lead". As the name implies, the lead sinker is active. The operation method is: separate the space beans that lock the lead seat by a certain distance (usually 2 to 3 lead seat lengths), so that the lead seat can slide back and forth between the two space beans. "Live lead" can be applied to various fishing methods. When you need to use it, just "release" the space beans that lock the lead seat. However, the best time to use "live lead" is when there are frequent fish interfaces and many fish bite randomly. The reason is that when we release the locked space beans, the lead sinker almost "loses" its function of balancing the buoyancy of the float - I mean the moment when the fish swallows the bait. That is to say, when the fish eats and pulls the float to show the fish signal, the lead sinker is in a "weightless" state, and the force of the fish mouth directly acts on the entire float. At this time, the float is in the "bluntest" state. At this time, only a certain large fish with a certain force can make the float produce information, so "live lead" can filter out many false information, but it is also easy to lose bites. The advantage of "live lead" will only be apparent when there are many fish and they are biting randomly. However, I often use it when fishing for large fish such as carp, grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, etc., in order to filter out the information of small fish and the influence of the water flow on the buoy caused by the pectoral fins and tail fins of large fish such as carp and grass carp when feeding.

3. Ten laws of food safety

The World Health Organization has proposed ten laws of food safety: 1. Food should be eaten immediately once it is cooked. Food that has been stored at room temperature for 4-5 hours after cooking is the most dangerous to eat; 2. Food must be thoroughly cooked before it can be eaten, especially poultry, meat and milk; 3. Processed foods should be selected, such as processed and sterilized milk instead of raw milk; 4. Food that is difficult to eat all at once after it is cooked should be stored at high temperature (60°C) or low temperature (below 10°C) for 4-5 hours; 5. Cooked food that has been stored must be reheated (above 70°C) before it can be eaten; 6. Avoid contact between raw and cooked food; 7. The kitchen must be clean, and a wipe cloth should not be used for more than 1 day at a time. It should be boiled in boiling water before the next use, and knives and forks should be wiped dry with a clean cloth; 8. Wash hands before handling food; 9. Prevent insects, rabbits, mice and other animals from coming into contact with food to prevent microbial contamination; 10. Drinking water and water needed for food preparation should be pure and clean.