CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What fish is the most suitable for co-breeding whiteleg shrimp in high-level intensive ponds? Which marine fish feeds exclusively on shrimp feces and mud?

1. What fish is the most suitable for co-breeding whiteleg shrimp in high-level intensive breeding ponds? Which marine fish feeds exclusively on shrimp feces and mud?

Desert flounder is indeed a good choice, and yellowfin sea bream is also acceptable, but the transparency of the water for raising yellowfin sea bream should not be too high.

The best model is to culture whiteleg shrimp and freshwater silver pomfret together, or to culture whiteleg shrimp and desert flounder together, especially in the area north of Shandong.

Your question is not a question at all. If it is called a high-level intensive breeding pond, what does "intensive breeding" mean? Of course, it means breeding with a single species, high density, and high efficiency. It is a completely different concept from mixed breeding. There have been many failed precedents. I advise you not to use your own property to conduct experiments casually. You can't afford it!

2. What are the methods of polyculture and rotation of white shrimp?

(1) Polyculture Different aquaculture species have different ecological characteristics. Polyculture of different species has positive significance for improving the ecological environment, maintaining stable water quality and preventing the occurrence of diseases. There are five main methods: shrimp-fish polyculture, shrimp-crab polyculture, shrimp-shell polyculture, shrimp-ginseng polyculture and shrimp-algae polyculture. The fish species that can be polycultured with white shrimp include tilapia, barracuda, mullet, river bream, black sea bream, yellowfin sea bream and black snakehead; the crab species include mud crab and swimming crab; the shellfish species include scallop, oyster, mud cockle, razor clam, clam, hairy cockle and variegated clam; the algae species include Gracilaria, Ulva and Zostera longituba.

(2) Rotational culture includes shrimp-fish rotation and rotation of different shrimp species:

① Shrimp-fish rotation farming method: It is mainly aimed at some aging ponds that are difficult to drain, have thick bottom mud, and cannot be dried. The implementation of shrimp-fish rotation farming has positive significance for improving the bottom environment and preventing the occurrence of diseases.

② Rotational culture of different shrimp species: mainly using the characteristics of the breeding season for rotational culture, usually there are rotational culture of whiteleg shrimp and giant tiger shrimp, whiteleg shrimp and Japanese shrimp, etc.

This article is from: China Agricultural Press "China Biotechnology Development Report"

3. Why use EM bacteria to adjust water for shrimp farming? What are the benefits?

The most important thing in aquaculture is water quality. The quality of water also affects the quality of shrimp farming. How to control good water quality and how to adjust good water quality all require technical experience. There are also products that can improve water quality, which can allow us to improve it at all times and prevent problems such as water quality deterioration. Just like calcium deficiency and zinc deficiency, we use what we lack. Aquatic EM bacteria is like food supplements, which slowly supplement and improve the problems that may occur in water quality, such as turbidity, algae growth and other obvious problems.

Like food supplements, it does not have the side effects of regular medication. At the same time, it can be controlled in real time to supplement the missing parts, and the effect is relatively long-lasting. However, compared with medicine, the adjustment will be slower, but the effect is indeed long-lasting.

In response to the problem of low yield and multiple diseases in the cultivation of white shrimp in recent years, EM bacteria liquid was used to treat the whole process of white shrimp cultivation. In the old shrimp pond with natural tidal water inlet, the water quality of the experimental group pond was stable, and 52 large-sized commercial shrimps were cultivated in 85 days, with a yield of 227 kg per mu, a net increase of 89 kg per mu compared with the control group (138 kg). It can be seen that EM bacteria technology is indeed a white shrimp cultivation technology that is easy to operate and has significant effects.

(1) Experimental treatment

The experiment was divided into an experimental group and a control group. The area of ​​the experimental group was 7.5 acres, and the area of ​​the control group was 12 acres. Both groups used old-style shrimp ponds with natural tidal water inlet. Two aerators were installed in each pond. During the experiment, the water temperature was 24-32°C, and the seawater salinity was 10‰-22‰. Both groups stocked 13,000 shrimp fry per acre.

① Pond cleaning: The experimental group first cleared wild fish and shrimp according to conventional methods, and treated the pond bottom with EM bacterial solution 2 weeks before stocking. Specific methods: Drain the pond water to the lowest possible water level, but keep the pond bottom moist, and sprinkle 2.5 kg of EM bacterial solution per mu on the pond bottom, first sprinkle half of it, and then sprinkle the other half after plowing; add water after one week, and sprinkle the pond at 1 kg of bacterial solution per mu, then cultivate water quality according to conventional methods, and release shrimp fry at the right time.

② Water quality treatment: Spray EM bacteria solution once every half a month after the white shrimp is released, with a dosage of 1.5 kg per mu. Later, extend the spraying time to once a month.

③ Feed treatment: Spray the feed directly with Haowangnong EM bacteria before feeding. The dosage is 25 ml of EM bacteria liquid per kilogram of feed, once a day.

No disinfectant was used during the whole breeding process. The water was changed twice, and fresh water was pumped out from time to time to replenish the normal water level. The control group was cleaned and cultured according to the conventional method. Water quality and bottom quality analysis were carried out three times during the trial period, namely before pond cleaning, one month after seedlings were planted, and two months after seedlings were planted.

(2) Results and analysis

① Dissolved oxygen: Since both the experimental group and the control group had aerators, there was no significant difference in dissolved oxygen.

② Water quality: The water color of the experimental group was yellow-green, indicating that green algae dominated the water body and could maintain stable water quality. The water color of the control group was changeable, the water body was seriously eutrophicated, and the water quality was unstable.

③ Ammonia nitrogen content: From the three water quality analyses, the ammonia nitrogen content in the test group increased from 0.2 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L, indicating that the degree of water pollution did not increase with the extension of breeding time. The ammonia nitrogen content in the control group increased from 0.2 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L, and even reached 1.2 mg/L, indicating that the water pollution became more and more serious with the extension of breeding time.

④ Biochemical oxygen demand: The biochemical oxygen demand of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, and gradually decreased with the extension of the breeding time; while the biochemical oxygen demand of the control group increased significantly, indicating that water pollution was becoming increasingly serious.

⑤ Hydrogen sulfide content: The hydrogen sulfide pollution in the experimental group (0.08 mg/L) was lower than that in the control group (0.25 mg/L). As the breeding time increased, the increase in hydrogen sulfide pollution in the experimental group was not obvious.

⑥ Bottom analysis: From a sensory point of view, the blackened area of ​​the experimental group was significantly larger than that of the control group, and the smell of hydrogen sulfide gradually became stronger with the extension of the breeding time; while the experimental group had a fermented aroma, which may be the result of the fermentation of organic residual bait, shrimp feces, etc. in the bottom by EM bacteria.

⑦ Survival rate and yield: In the later period of the control group, the water quality was seriously polluted, white spot disease broke out, and dead shrimps appeared one after another. In order to reduce losses, they were caught from September 25th. They were only cultured for 70 days, and the size was small, 76 per kilogram. The survival rate of the experimental group was 79%, higher than that of the control group. In addition, the water quality was stable during the culture period, and no disease occurred. They could grow larger sizes, 52 per kilogram, so the yield was greatly improved, and the yield could reach 227 kilograms per mu, an increase of 89 kilograms per mu compared with 138 kilograms per mu in the control group.

⑧ Feed coefficient: The feed coefficient of the experimental group was 1.2, which was lower than 1.4 of the control group. This may be because EM bacteria can improve the palatability of feed and improve the protein quality of feed.

Through the above tests, it is certain that EM bacteria can improve the bottom quality and stabilize the water quality, which is an important technology to ensure the success of white shrimp farming. When EM bacteria liquid is used in white shrimp farming, it is necessary to combine the three measures of pond bottom treatment, water quality treatment and feed treatment to play a more effective role.

Improve immunity. As for nutrition, we use Zhongbang Yibacterial Peptide at home and the fish have never had any problems.

In recent years, the farming of white shrimp has become increasingly difficult. Modern bioengineering technology, water treatment technology, automatic monitoring and control and other high-tech technologies are increasingly widely used in farming. Even so, the overall success rate of shrimp farming is no more than 30%, and the main reason for failure is the outbreak of shrimp diseases and sudden death caused by water quality deterioration. The biggest difficulty in water quality control is the excessive organic matter produced in the water due to feeding and other reasons. Organic matter is not completely decomposed into a large amount of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the absence of oxygen. Therefore, we use composite microorganisms to decompose organic matter and control the production of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite from the root.

Water environment control technology

1. Mixed culture of fish and shrimp to regulate water environment

In the breeding process, a small amount of fish is mixed, making full use of organic debris in the water environment and shrimp bait residues, improving the utilization rate of shrimp pond bait, purifying the shrimp breeding environment, and controlling the outbreak of shrimp diseases. Over the years, we have experimented with grouper, cobia, American red fish, sharpnose perch, oval pomfret, yellowfin bream, mullet, tilapia, etc. in the co-culture of white shrimp.

Grouper, barramundi, cobia, American redfish and other fish have large calibers and ferocious feeding habits. They will also kill healthy white shrimps. When mixed with white shrimps, the survival rate of white shrimps will be low and the feed coefficient will be high. However, if these ferocious fish are used to control the spread of diseases in diseased shrimp ponds, it is more effective. Mullet and tilapia are omnivorous fish. They have poor ability to prey on diseased and dead shrimps and are difficult to control the disease of shrimps. They will also compete with shrimps for feed. However, if they are raised in the center of the pond, they will specifically feed on organic debris and shrimp bait concentrated in the center of the pond, which can improve the utilization rate of shrimp pond bait and purify the shrimp breeding environment. Oval pomfret and yellowfin snapper have moderate calibers. They have a certain ability to kill diseased and dead shrimps, but will not kill healthy shrimps too strongly. They can also eat organic debris and shrimp bait.

Therefore, we think it is best to raise mullet or tilapia in the center of the pond, and mix it with oval pomfret and yellowfin bream outside. The specific operation is: 30 to 40 days after the release of white shrimp fry, when the shrimp grows to a body length of more than 5cm, eats more, and the water color is fatter, the fry are released. The body length of the fry is twice that of the shrimp, that is, the body length of the fry is generally 10cm. The density of mullet or tilapia raised in the center is 8 to 12 per mu, and the density of oval pomfret and yellowfin bream outside is 40 to 60 per mu.

2. Use beneficial live bacteria preparations to regulate the water environment

The beneficial live bacteria regulation of water environment is to use beneficial microbial preparations (photosynthetic bacteria, Bacillus and EM bacteria, etc.) to change the algae phase of the pond and degrade the organic dissolved matter in the pond to regulate the water environment. The principle is that these beneficial microorganisms can absorb the rich nutrients in the water, eliminate toxic and harmful factors in the water, prevent the excessive accumulation of residual bait and metabolic waste, change the algae phase of the pond, and thus achieve the purpose of purifying the water quality. The following introduces the use of EM bacteria preparations to regulate the water environment

Nongshengle Aquatic EM Bacteria Compound Preparation

Nongshengle Aquatic EM bacteria is cultivated with bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and lactobacillus, assisted by yeast, nitrifying bacteria and other beneficial bacteria. It can decompose small molecular organic matter, balance the algae phase of planktonic microalgae, and absorb harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide in the aquaculture water, and has a significant effect of purifying water quality. At the same time, it also has the effect of inhibiting excessive algae reproduction and keeping the water clear and fresh.

The effect of using Nongshengle Aquatic EM bacteria in the middle and late stages of shrimp farming is obvious. The dosage is generally 20~60kg/hm2・m, and it is used once every 7~15 days. If the aquaculture water body is over-proliferated with algae, resulting in low transparency and dark water color, the dosage can be appropriately increased to 50~90kg/hm2・m.

Nong Sheng Le Aquatic EM bacteria can also be added to feed at 1-2%, which can regulate the gastrointestinal function of shrimp, promote digestion, be beneficial to the growth of shrimp and enhance disease resistance, reduce the organic matter in shrimp feces, and reduce the nutrient source for excessive algae reproduction in water bodies.