CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to treat white skin disease in tropical fish

How to treat white skin disease in tropical fish

White tail disease

[Cause] Due to unclean water quality, especially the feces in the aquarium is not removed in time, or due to careless operation during fishing, transportation, stocking, and moving boxes, the fish are injured and infected by pathogens.

[Pathogen] It is a Gram-negative bacillus called Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[Symptoms] At the beginning of the disease, only a small white spot appears at the base of the dorsal fin or the caudal peduncle, which then quickly expands and spreads from the dorsal fin to the back of the fish body, so that the body surface between the dorsal fin and the anal fin to the caudal fin turns white. As the disease worsens, the swimming ability of the sick fish is significantly weakened, the body balance is out of control, the head and the caudal fin are facing upwards, and it swims and struggles vertically up and down the water surface, and soon dies. The disease is prevalent from May to August every year. The fish die 2-3 days after the onset of the disease, and the mortality rate is extremely high.

[Treatment method] You can use 12.5 ppm chlortetracycline or 25 ppm oxytetracycline aqueous solution to soak for 30 minutes. You can also use 1 ppm bleaching powder or 2 to 4 ppm (2 to 4 ppm) gallnut to spray in the aquarium for disinfection.

Our ornamental fish have Saprolegniasis, and this method is absolutely effective. It can be used on tropical fish and cold-water fish.

Adjust the water temperature to 28C and do not feed

Adjust the water temperature to 28C, don’t feed any fish, and sprinkle some salt to sterilize!

Stop eating when the temperature rises and add yellow powder

What to do if you are sick?

Take medicine, get injections, or receive intravenous drips (for serious illness)

Rest at home (minor illness)

For minor illnesses, just bear with it. If you can’t hold on any longer, take some medicine. If that doesn’t work, go to the hospital.

Neuropathy?

Prevention and treatment of common diseases of koi Common diseases of koi and their treatment methods (I)

1. Oral administration: The medicine is mixed in feed to treat nutritional imbalance or bacterial diseases and internal diseases.

2. Medicinal bath method: mainly used to expel surface parasites and treat bacterial external diseases.

3. Local treatment: treatment of trauma and body surface diseases, local trauma treatment.

4. Injection therapy: Various bacterial diseases can be treated by intramuscular or intraperitoneal injection.

5. Surgical treatment: Plastic surgery is performed for fish fin trauma or deformation.

Common diseases of koi and their treatments (Part 2)

Viral diseases

Pox

(1) Cause: Occurs in late autumn and winter when the water temperature is low (around 15 degrees)

(2) Symptoms: In the early stage of the disease, small milky white spots appear on the body surface or tail fin, covered with a thin layer of white mucus, and then gradually expand and spread throughout the body. The skin surface of the affected area thickens to form large waxy growths. These growths will automatically fall off when they grow to a certain size and thickness, and deteriorate the water quality in the water. New growths will grow again at the fallen parts. Fish infected with pox gradually lose weight, swim slowly, have a poor appetite, often sink to the bottom of the water, and die one after another.

(3) Treatment: Long-term bathing in 0.1~0.3MG/KG chloramphenicol solution.

#Inject the fish with chloramphenicol at a dosage of 25mg per fish.

(4) Prevention: Add new water to the pool and remove debris from the bottom of the pool at any time to improve the water quality.

#Strengthen autumn cultivation work and enhance nutrition to make the koi fatter before winter and enhance their ability to resist low temperatures and diseases.

#Spray 1~2MG/KG of furacilin all over the pool to prevent acne.

Common diseases of koi and their treatments (Part 3)

Fungal diseases Dermatophytosis

(Saprolegniasis, white hair disease): A layer of "white hair" grows on the fish. If not treated in time, when the bacteria invade the body, the fish will gradually weaken and die. When it parasitizes on the gills, it forms branchial mold disease, which often causes explosive death.

(1) Cause: Dermatophytosis is caused by a filamentous fungus (Saprolegnia, Saprolegnia, SAPROLEGNIA), which mostly occurs in ponds with a large number of fish or in turbid stagnant water. Fish are more susceptible to infection when they are thin or have external injuries. A large number of cotton-like hyphae grow at the lesion, so it is also called white hair disease.

The main reason why koi get skin mold disease is that they are careless when catching and transporting, which causes scratches on the skin, or parasites damage the gills and body surface, or the skin is frozen due to low water temperature, so that the spores of Saprolegnia invade the wound and become infected. When the water temperature is suitable (about 15-25 degrees), it will grow into dense mycelium in 3-5 days. If the number of infections is large, it will cause the death of the sick fish. Saprolegnia exists all year round, and the late autumn and early spring are the epidemic seasons. From fish eggs to fish of all ages, they can be infected. When the water temperature is low during incubation, Saprolegniasis is very likely to occur on fish eggs.

(2) Treatment:

#Wash with 1.5%~2.5% salt water to remove hair, then apply 2% mercurochrome, and then bathe in oxytetracycline for fish.

#Apply 0.1%~1% malachite green aqueous solution to the wound and the area where water mold is attached.

#Soak the fish body in a 1:15000 malachite green aqueous solution for 3 to 5 minutes.

#Soak the fish in 10MG/KG potassium permanganate aqueous solution for half an hour.

(3) Prevention:

#When pulling nets, catching, transporting and releasing fish, operations must be careful not to injure the fish.

#Soak fish eggs in a 1:15000 concentration of malachite green aqueous solution for 10 to 15 minutes, once a day for 3 consecutive days, to prevent fish egg saprolegniasis.

#For injured broodstock, apply gentian violet or potassium permanganate on the wound to prevent water mold infection.

#For each hectare of pond, mix 75kg of calamus, 7.5-15kg of salt and 225-300kg of human urine, and sprinkle it all over the pond once a month.

Common diseases of koi and their treatments (Part 4)

Bacterial diseases

Skin inflammation and congestion

(1) Cause: The disease mostly affects large fish of the current year and koi over one year old. The disease is prevalent from late spring to early autumn and can cause mass death of fish. The disease is most likely to spread when the water temperature is 20-30 degrees. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, a small number of sick fish will still appear and continue to die. This temperature range is also the peak season for fish growth, so the harm is very great. When the temperature drops to around 10 degrees, the disease will no longer occur. This rule can be used to control the temperature of the sick fish.

(2) Symptoms: Inflammation and congestion of the skin, which is more common around the eye sockets, gill covers, abdomen, caudal peduncle, etc. Sometimes the base of the fin rays is also congested, and in severe cases, the fin rays are ruptured. The scales of the diseased fish are usually intact and have not fallen off. The diseased fish floats on the water surface or sinks to the bottom of the water, swims slowly, reacts slowly, and has a poor appetite.

(3) Treatment:

#Use furazolidin or furazolidone 20mg/kg to soak the fish. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, soak for 20-30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21-32 degrees, soak for 10-15 minutes, for prevention and early treatment.

#Spray the entire pond with furazolidone or furazolidone at a concentration of 0.2~0.3MG/KG. If the condition is serious, the concentration can be increased to 0.5~1.2MG/KG for prevention and early treatment.

#Soak the fish body in erythromycin at a concentration of 2~2.5MG/KG, with the water temperature below 34 degrees, for 30~50 minutes, once a day, for 3~5 consecutive days, until the condition improves.

#Inject streptomycin or kanamycin, 120,000 to 150,000 international units per kilogram of fish weight. Usually only one injection is given. If the disease is serious, a second injection can be given on the fifth day.

#Use norfloxacin orally, 0.8~1.0g of powder per 10KG fish body weight per day, once a day, for six consecutive days.

#Use 20mg/kg concentration of Livanol for soaking. When the water temperature is 5-20 degrees, soak for 15-30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21-32 degrees, soak for 10-15 minutes. It is effective for early treatment.

#Spraying 0.8~1.5MG/KG of Livanol all over the body has a special effect.

#Using the above treatment method while taking a salt water bath will have a significant effect.

(4) Prevention:

#Reasonable density cultivation to maintain the dissolved oxygen content in the water at around 5MG/L.

#Strengthen feeding management and keep the water quality fresh.

#Spray furazolidone or furazolidone regularly to prevent the occurrence of diseases.

Red skin disease (hemorrhagic putrefaction disease)

(1) Cause: Red skin disease is caused by Pseudomonas Fluorescens. Fish are susceptible to this disease when they are injured. Spring and autumn are the seasons of epidemics, which can cause large-scale deaths of fish. This disease is closely related to water quality and is more likely to occur when the dissolved oxygen content is low and the organic matter content is high.

(2) Symptoms: The skin of the diseased fish is partially or mostly inflamed and congested, the base of the dorsal fin, caudal fin and other fin rays is congested, the ends of the fin rays are rotten, and the mouth and muscles are normal. The scales of the diseased fish fall off (the difference from skin inflammation and congestion), especially on the sides and abdomen of the fish.

(3) Prevention and treatment methods: Same as skin inflammation and congestion.

Inflammatory bowel disease

It is caused by Aeromonas punctata. The anus is red and swollen, the intestine is congested and inflamed, and in severe cases, the base of the fins is congested, erythema appears on the abdomen, ascites flows out during laparotomy, and the entire intestine is red or purple.

Prevention and treatment methods:

#Spray 1MG/KG of bleach all over the pool.

#For every hectare of water depth of 1 meter, sprinkle 225~375 kg of quicklime throughout the pond.

#Use 1g of sulfamethoxazole for every 10kg of fish and make it into medicated bait for feeding.

#Use 50g of garlic for every 10kg of fish, make it into medicated bait and feed it once a day for three consecutive days.

#For every 10 kg of fish, use 50 g of dried ground ivy to make medicated bait and feed it once a day for three consecutive days.

Myxobacterial gill rot

(1) Cause: Caused by CYTOPHAGA COLUMNARIS, also known as MYXOCOCCUS PISCIOCOLA. Koi rarely get sick, and only get sick when the water temperature is above 20 degrees, that is, from late spring to autumn. The fish die in large numbers without any abnormal appearance.

(2) Symptoms: The gill filaments of the diseased fish are rotten and carry some mud. Sometimes the tip of the gill filaments rots, causing the edges to be incomplete; sometimes the filaments rot in one or more places on the gills, not on the edges. The inner epidermis of the gill cover is congested and even corroded into a slightly circular transparent area, commonly known as a "skylight". Due to the destruction of the gill filament tissue, the diseased fish have difficulty breathing and often float, which causes a large number of deaths.

(3) Treatment:

#Use furazolidin or furazolidone 20mg/kg to soak the fish. When the water temperature is below 20 degrees, soak for 20-30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21-32 degrees, soak for 10-15 minutes, for prevention and early treatment.

#Spray the entire pond with furazolidone or furazolidone at a concentration of 0.2~0.3MG/KG. When the condition is serious, the concentration can be increased to 0.5~1.2MG/KG for prevention and early treatment.

#Use 20mg/kg concentration of Livanol for soaking. When the water temperature is 5-20 degrees, soak for 15-30 minutes; when the water temperature is 21-32 degrees, soak for 10-15 minutes. It is effective for early treatment.

#Spraying 0.8~1.5MG/KG of Livanol all over the pool is very effective.

#Spray bleaching powder at a concentration of 1MG/KG throughout the pond. This method is only used for large outdoor fish ponds.

#Use 2.5~3.75mg/kg of rhubarb. For every 0.5kg of dry rhubarb, put 10kg of dilute ammonia water (0.3%) and soak for 12 hours. Then sprinkle the residue all over the pond. This drug is suitable for large outdoor ponds, especially for koi fish that have been resistant to furans for many years.

#Soaking in 2% salt for 5 to 10 minutes is effective for prevention and early treatment.

(4) Prevention:

#Disinfect the fish pond regularly to keep the water clean and reduce the chance of pathogens.

#Using fresh feed and live biological bait has a significant effect in preventing this disease.

Whitehead and white mouth disease

(1) Cause: It is caused by CYTOPHAGA SP., also known as MYXOCOCCUS SP. Koi fry are very sensitive to this disease, which is one of the main diseases in the fingerling stage, while adult fish usually do not get sick. At the beginning, only two or three fish died, but the number increased to dozens on the second day, and a large number of fish died on the third day. The rapid onset and severity of the disease are rare. The disease occurs when the water temperature is above 20 degrees, that is, from late spring to autumn.

(2) Symptoms: The head and mouth of the diseased fish are milky white, and the lips seem to be swollen, so that the mouth cannot be opened and breathing is difficult, and the head is floating. Some diseased fish have congestion on the top of the skull and around the eye sockets, showing the symptoms of "red head and white mouth". Sick fish are usually not sociable.

(3) Prevention and control methods: Same as myxobacterial gill rot.

Vertical scale disease (loose scales, vertical scales)

(1) Cause: Vertical scale disease is caused by Pseudomonas punctata, which mainly harms larger koi. It is prevalent from late autumn to spring when the water temperature is low.

(2) Symptoms: The fish's body is rough, with scales standing upright and a pine cone-like appearance. In severe cases, the fish's eyes bulge out, the fish breathes rapidly, and the fish turns over on its back, leading to death. The scale sac is swollen, and transparent or bloody exudate accumulates inside. If a little pressure is applied to the scales, liquid will spray out of the scale sac. The fish sinks to the bottom of the water or loses balance, with the abdomen facing upward, and eventually dies of exhaustion.

(3) Treatment: Similar to skin inflammation and congestion, the effect will be better if combined with saline immersion.

(4) Prevention:

#Prevent fish from getting hurt.

#The spawning pond for broodstock should be dried in winter and disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder.

#Add 5% crude chlortetracycline or oxytetracycline to the feed.

# Take vitamin E orally. Take 0.3-0.6g per 10kg of fish weight per day for a long time. Increase to 0.6-0.9g (for 10-15 consecutive days) as an auxiliary treatment drug when the fish is sick.

Printing Disease

(1) Cause: Printing disease is caused by Aeromonas punctata subspecies (AEROMONAS PUNCATATA PUNCTATA). It is mainly caused by improper operation, which causes fish to be injured and infected. It is prevalent from late spring to autumn, and mainly harms large fish over one year old.

(2) Symptoms: The lesions are often located above the anal fin on the side of the body, on both sides near the anus, and rarely on the front of the body. Initially, the skin becomes inflamed and erythematous. As the disease progresses, the scales fall off, the muscles rot, and the lesions are round or oval, with bleeding and redness, like a red stamp. In severe cases, the muscles at the lesion site often rot through, and the bones and internal organs can be seen. The diseased fish are thin, have a poor appetite, swim slowly, and eventually die of exhaustion.

(3) Prevention and treatment methods: Same as skin inflammation and congestion, in addition, applying potassium permanganate solution to the affected area has significant effects.

Skin rot (ulcer disease): It is very similar to printing disease and the treatment method is similar. The difference is that the back of the diseased fish is red, swollen and rotten, the lesions are irregular, and the dorsal fin falls off in severe cases.

White skin disease: caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the skin from the back of the dorsal fin to the base of the caudal peduncle turns white and appears foggy. The scales are rough and have no mucus when touched. Dying diseased fish often appear inverted with their heads down and their caudal fins upwards.

Prevention and treatment methods:

#Be careful when operating to prevent injury to the fish.

#Soak the fish in 12.5MG/KG of chlortetracycline or 25MG/KG of oxytetracycline for 30 minutes.

#Spray bleaching powder 1MG/KG or gallnut 2~4MG/KG all over the pond.

Perforation disease (cavity disease)

(1) Cause: Perforation disease is caused by Myxococcus pisciocola, which is prevalent from September to June of the following year. It is prevalent when the water temperature is low and is a very harmful infectious disease. The cause is mostly injuries to the body surface, especially abrasions caused by fishing with nets.

(2) Symptoms: In the early stage, white spots the size of rice grains are found, which then expand and turn red around them. When the disease worsens, the scales fall off, exposing the skin and flesh, and ulcers appear. Lesions can appear from the head, gill cover, back, abdomen, fins to the caudal peduncle. The ulcers are not limited to the dermis, but also extend deep into the muscles. In severe cases, they extend to the bones and internal organs, resembling a cave.

(3) Treatment:

#Soak in a mixture of 20MG/KG furazolidone and 1.4% salt for 20 to 30 minutes, once a day.

#Add 20MG/KG potassium permanganate to the above mixture and soak for 10-30 minutes. Suitable for young fish in the early stage of disease.

(4) Prevention:

#Feed fresh bait to enhance nutrition and disease resistance.

#Reasonable density, the dissolved oxygen in the water is maintained at around 5MG/L.

#Dead fish must be buried deeply and disinfected with quicklime. The water in the sick fish pond should be sprinkled with bleaching powder at a concentration of 10MG/KG throughout the pond and can only be discharged into the sewer after disinfection.

Tail rot

(1) Cause: Tail rot is caused by Myxococcus columnaris and occurs all year round. The entire tail fin rots away, but the diseased fish is still alive, reducing the ornamental value of koi.

(2) Symptoms: The tail fin scales fall off, become inflamed, the muscles become necrotic and rotten, the base of the tail fin becomes congested, the fin rays spread out like a broom, and in severe cases the entire tail fin rots away. The scales of the diseased fish are normal, but some of them fall off.

(3) Prevention and control methods:

#It is roughly the same as skin inflammation and congestion.

#Apply 1% malachite green aqueous solution to the broken fins once a day for 3 to 5 consecutive days, and combine it with the prevention and treatment methods for skin inflammation and congestion.

#If part of the tail fin is rotten and incomplete, it should be cut off with scissors to make the fin rays flat, and then processed using the above method. After a period of time, the fin rays will be able to heal, and a trace will be left between the regenerated fin rays and the old fin rays. Although the ornamental value is reduced, it can be kept as a broodstock to breed offspring.

Common diseases of koi and their treatments (Part 5)

Diseases caused by protozoa

Ichthyobodida (Ichthyobodida, White Cloud Disease): Ichthyobodida (ICHTHYOBODO) often inhabits the skin and gills of fish. When there are few of them, they will not cause disease. However, when the water quality is poor or the fish is in poor health, they will reproduce in large numbers, destroying the gills and skin tissues, causing increased mucus secretion, and forming white mist-like attachments, so it is called White Cloud Disease. This disease mainly parasitizes freshwater fish, especially Koi, which often occurs after moving to a pond, so it is also called New Water Disease. Koi will become lethargic after being infected with this disease and sink to the corner of the bottom of the pond, so it is also called Sleeping Sickness.

(1) Cause: The most common type of oral filarial worm is the floating oral filarial worm (ICHTHYOBODO NECATRIX). The worm body is oval, with 2 or 4 flagella, and can rotate and swim. There is a round nucleus in the worm body. The worm body that is fixed to the host is pear-shaped, with unclear flagella, and can swing up and down and left and right on the tissue. The most suitable temperature for oral filarial worms is 2-30 degrees. The water temperature for the worm body to begin to reproduce is 12-20 degrees. It is most likely to reproduce in large quantities at 24-25 degrees and pH 4.5-5.8. It reproduces by longitudinal binary fission, does not require an intermediate host, and can directly infect the transfer host; when the environment is not suitable, it can form resistant cysts and attach to the fish body or the bottom of the pond. The epidemic season of this disease is from late autumn to spring.

(2) Symptoms:

#In the early stages of infection, the fish will feel itchy and rub their bodies against the bottom and walls of the pond.

#The skin of the sick fish has a layer of milky white or gray-blue mucus, which makes the sick fish lose its original luster. The injured part of the fish body is congested and inflamed, often infected with bacteria or water mold, forming ulcers, which makes the condition worse.

#When a large number of worms invade the skin, a large number of worms also appear on the gills. Since the gill tissue is damaged, the fish's breathing is affected, so the diseased fish often swim close to the water surface and float.

#The fish will have a loss of appetite, become listless, shrink their tails and tuck their fins, gather in a corner of the pond, become unresponsive, gradually lose their balance, lie on the bottom of the pond, and eventually die of exhaustion.

(3) Diagnosis:

#The worm is small and can only be seen under a microscope. Take the mucous membrane or gill tissue from the body surface for microscopic examination.

#Whether there is any group coma.

#When the black and red parts of the koi are infected with this disease, it is easier to detect; but when the white part is infected, it is not easy to distinguish. When it is found to be white cloud disease, it is already too late to save it.

(4) Treatment:

#Soak in 2% saline for 5-15 minutes or 3%-5% saline for 1-2 minutes for several days.

#Use potassium permanganate at a concentration of 20MG/KG. When the water temperature is 10-20 degrees, soak for 20-30 minutes; when the water temperature is 20-25 degrees, soak for 15-20 minutes; when the water temperature is above 25 degrees, soak for 10-15 minutes.

#Use 300,000 to 500,000 units of penicillin per 100L of water for long-term soaking.

Immerse in #50MG/KG methylene blue or 0.2MG/KG malachite green solution for half an hour, several times in a row.

#Formalin concentration 20~30MG/KG, use once every 2~3 days, for several times in a row.

(5) Prevention:

#Increasing water flow can reduce the attachment and parasitism of oral filarial worms.

#Reduce stocking density.

#Maintain clean and stable water quality to reduce irritation to gills or body surface tissues.

Chilodonella disease: Chilodonella (CHILODONELLA CYPRINI) attaches to the gills and skin of fish. In poor water quality, high fish density or other factors, it destroys the ecological balance of the host parasite and often reproduces and breeds in large numbers, causing disease.

(1) Cause: The most common worm in koi breeding is the carp oblique tube worm (also known as the heart-shaped worm). The worm body is oval or kidney-shaped, about 50~70UM in size, with a raised back without cilia, a flat ventral surface, and several ciliary bands on each side. The cell mouth is located at the front end of the ventral surface, with a funnel-shaped mouth tube and a large oval nucleus. It feeds on organic matter in the water and cell debris peeled off from the fish body. Reproduction is mainly asexual transverse binary fission, and sexual conjugation reproduction also occurs. In adverse environments, spherical or oval cysts can be formed.

This disease is a common disease in fish, mostly occurring in small tanks and pools with dirty water quality, and is most harmful to young fish born that year. The water temperature for breeding is 12-18 degrees. From the discovery of a few worms, after 3-5 days of massive reproduction, a large number of fish can die. When the water temperature in outdoor fish ponds is above 25 degrees, the disease usually does not occur, but it can occur in indoor water tanks and pools. The epidemic season is from December to May of the following year.

(2) Symptoms: The diseased fish is thin and has a darker body color. There is a milky white film on the body surface, which makes the diseased fish lose its original color. In severe cases, the fins of the diseased fish cannot fully extend.

The pathogens parasitize on the body surface and gills, destroying tissues and making it difficult for fish to breathe. As a result, the diseased fish swim close to the water surface and float, and cannot return to normal even if clean water is used.

(3) Diagnosis: The body of the oblique tube worm is very small and can only be seen under a microscope by scraping the mucus from the body surface or cutting the gill tissue.

(4) Prevention and control methods: The same as those for oral filariasis.

Bell worm: Bell worm (VORTICELLA), also known as bell worm, cup worm, and tongue cup worm, is a common sedentary ciliate in water. It can attach to the wall and bottom of the pool, aquatic plants or other objects. It feeds on organic debris and microorganisms in the water. It is easy to reproduce and breed in large numbers in high water temperature and eutrophic environment. It attaches to the skin, fins and gills of fish. It is more susceptible to infection when the fish is injured, causing problems in disease treatment.

(1) Causes: The body of bellworm is thick in front and thin in the back, in the shape of a cup or trumpet, about 100~400UM in size, with an oral disc at the front and an oral groove at the bottom. The oral disc is surrounded by a marginal membrane composed of villi, which can swing to drive water flow and filter bacteria, microorganisms, tissue debris and other organic matter in the water. An attachment device is formed at the bottom, which is fixed to the epithelial cells of the host. There is a large nucleus in the shape of an inverted triangle or oval, located in the center of the body. When the body shrinks, the oral disc shrinks first, and then the oral cilia retract, leaving only a small hole at the top, making the shrinking body eggplant-shaped. There are two types of reproduction: asexual longitudinal binary fission and sexual conjugation. Common ones include EPISTYLIS, ZOOTHAMNIUM, VORTICELLA, APIOSOMA, etc.

Normal fish rarely have bell-shaped worms attached to them. When they occur in large numbers, it is mostly because the body surface is injured or the protective mucous membrane on the body surface is damaged during transportation to the pond. The loss of mucus protection will allow bell-shaped worms to attach in large numbers.

(2) Symptoms:

#In the early stage of infection, white spots the size of rice grains appear on the body surface and grow outwards.

#The affected area gradually expands, and the wound is accompanied by secondary bacterial infection, showing redness and bleeding.

#Scales fall off, the affected area bleeds and ulcers, and there are Saprolegnias, algae or other protozoa attached.

(3) Diagnosis:

Scrape the mucosal tissue of the affected area and examine it under a microscope, you can see bell-shaped worms moving in groups and contracting. The lower end of the worm body has a long branched stalk that connects the worm body together. In addition to bell-shaped worms, mixed infections of filaria, oblique tube worms, and wheel worms, as well as the attachment of water molds and filamentous algae can often be observed.

(4) Treatment: Epiphytic infection of bellworms is generally difficult to treat. In addition to drug control, it is necessary to improve the water quality environment and control secondary bacterial infections.

#Improve the water quality environment: Appropriate water changes can reduce the content of organic matter in the water, increase the intensity of water flow, etc., which can reduce the attachment of bellworms.

#Formalin: 20~30MG/KG concentration, bathing for 12~24 hours can reduce the parasite's attachment.

#Control of secondary bacterial infection: When there are inflamed ulcers on the body surface, it is necessary to use furazolidone 2~5MG/KG solution and long-term medicated bath.

#For chronic local wound ulcers, the affected area can be disinfected with iodine and then coated with antibiotic ointment such as erythromycin to protect the wound.

(5) Prevention:

#Change water regularly and clean the filter pool to reduce the accumulation of organic matter and maintain water cleanliness.

#Be careful when transporting fish to prevent them from getting hurt or their mucous membranes from getting damaged.

#When the fish is injured or the mucous membrane is damaged, disinfect it with medicine as soon as possible to prevent infection by bellworms or other secondary pathogens.

Human growth and development are carried out accurately under the guidance of genetic information. These genetic information not only determines the growth and development process of human beings, but also determines our resistance to certain diseases, pollutants, toxic substances and other health risk factors. In other words, susceptibility genes determine whether we are more susceptible to being affected under the same conditions. Jiaxue Gene analyzes the relationship between common health risks and genetic information of children through precise gene decoding, analyzes the unique susceptibility gene sites of each child, finds the health risk factors hidden in the genes, and evaluates each child's ability to resist a certain disease. Combined with the influence of environmental factors, a personalized health guidance plan is issued to predict risks in advance for prevention, avoid health risks, and escort the healthy growth of children. Jiaxue Gene is a personalized private health consultant for every baby, and writes a personalized life manual for each baby.