CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to diagnose goose disease?

1. How to diagnose goose illness?

1. Epidemic characteristics Chickens, ducks, geese, and pigeons are susceptible to the bacteria. Pigs, sheep, and dogs can also be infected. Artificial inoculation of experimental animals, mice, and rabbits can cause death. Pure cultures can be isolated from blood cultures. The disease exists in the blood of sick livestock (poultry). The liver and other organs also contain a large number of pathogens. Geese that have recovered from the disease can become carriers. The disease can cause local epidemics in chickens, ducks, geese, and pigs, spread rapidly, and cause large-scale deaths. The disease is mainly transmitted through the respiratory tract, but can also be transmitted through contact. Feather lice can also become a mechanical transmission medium.

2. Clinical symptoms Acute cases are more common in 3-5 month old goslings, which often develop suddenly, flap their wings, stand unsteadily, fall to the ground and convulse and die after walking a few steps. Chronic cases have fever, mental depression, close eyes, stop eating, have difficulty breathing, often lie on the ground and fall asleep, have diarrhea, have yellow-green loose feces, stop laying eggs, and the course of the disease is 4-9 days. Some can survive and become carriers. The morbidity rate during the acute epidemic period of this disease can be as high as 30% or more, and the mortality rate can be as high as 50% or more. The mortality rate of chronic cases is lower.

3. Pathological changes: Acute cases have congestion and bleeding of the tracheal and bronchial mucosa; congestion and bleeding of the lungs; diffuse bleeding spots in the epicardium and coronary fat; hepatomegaly and congestion; enlargement, congestion and bleeding of the spleen and kidneys; bleeding of the ileum serosal membrane of the small intestine. Chronic cases have congestion and bleeding of the mucosa and thickening of the intestinal wall.

2. How to prevent diseases when raising geese?

Disease prevention

1. Immunization of goslings with live vaccine against goose plague. For goslings hatched from eggs laid by breeder geese that have not been immunized with live vaccine against goose plague, or that have been immunized with live vaccine against goose plague but the time is over 100 days, they should be immunized with one dose of live vaccine against goose plague subcutaneously 1 to 2 days after hatching, and immunity will be generated after 7 days.

2. 45 to 60 days after the goslings were immunized with goose paramyxovirus inactivated vaccine, goose influenza inactivated vaccine or goose paramyxovirus goose influenza inactivated vaccine, they should be immunized with single vaccine or bivalent vaccine for the second time, with the dose appropriately increased, and 0.7 to 1 ml injected intramuscularly for each goose. The reserve breeding geese should be immunized once with goose plague breeding goose live vaccine at around 3 months old, and the injection should be in the usual amount.

3. 15 days before the geese lay eggs, intramuscularly inject goose egg plague inactivated vaccine or goose egg plague avian Pasteurella combined inactivated vaccine. About 10 days before the geese lay eggs, inject the inactivated goose paramyxovirus vaccine of dosage type I, goose influenza inactivated vaccine or combined vaccine into the other side of the muscle, 1 ml for each goose, and inject again after 2 months.

3. How do goose farms take biosecurity measures to prevent and control goose diseases?

Biosecurity is the most economical and effective method of controlling the spread of diseases in modern breeding industry, including: ① Isolation. It means raising geese in a controlled environment without contact with other poultry and animals. Isolation also means raising geese separately by age. In large-scale breeding farms, the all-in and all-out management system can block the transmission of diseases between geese. ② Control of personnel and goods exchanges. Including control of vehicles and personnel entering and within the goose farm. ③ Sanitation and disinfection. Emphasis on the sanitation and disinfection of articles, personnel and equipment entering the goose farm and the personal hygiene of personnel within the farm. At the same time, to effectively prevent and control epidemics, it is necessary to establish and improve the veterinary epidemic prevention system of the goose farm, formulate reasonable immunization procedures, use drugs scientifically, and take comprehensive prevention and control measures.

disinfect

4. What should we do if geese are vertically infected with goose disease? What measures should be taken to prevent vertical disease sources in geese?

Vertically transmitted diseases refer to diseases that occur in offspring when pathogens infect their offspring through the placenta, eggs, etc. In a narrow sense, egg-transmitted diseases belong to the category of vertically transmitted diseases, but in a broad sense, there is a category that does not belong to vertical transmission: after a flock of birds becomes ill, the pathogen infects the eggs, and then infects other flocks through the eggs or their products, which should also be considered an egg-transmitted disease.

Goose paramyxovirus and gosling plague virus have no cross-reaction and can infect geese at the same time.

Preventive measures: Breeding eggs, goose chicks and goose should all be purchased from disease-free areas. Breeding eggs must be strictly disinfected before incubation to prevent virus contamination. Hatcheries must regularly disinfect the site and equipment with 0.5% to 1% compound phenol disinfectant, especially after each batch of goslings hatch. The mother goose flock should be vaccinated once a month before laying eggs.

If the infection is serious, it should be treated on the spot to prevent the source of the disease from spreading the infection.

5. How to prevent and control goose adenovirus?

1. Drinking water First, drink water. The water source should be sufficient and the water quality should be clean. Make sure that every gosling has water to drink. Add independent health to the drinking water. Treat goose adenovirus, head shaking, and Ankara. Increase the survival rate. 2. The ratio of feeding concentrated green feed: 1U3 for 1 to 3 days old. 1U10 for 4 to 10 days old, and 1U15 for more than 10 days old. Feeding method: Drink first and then feed, feed regularly and quantitatively, add less and frequently to prevent overeating. Feed gravel after 3 days of age to help digestion.

6. How to prevent and treat duck plague virus infection in geese?

Duck plague virus infection of geese is also called goose viral ulcerative enteritis. It is caused by duck plague virus, which spreads quickly, spreads quickly, has a high mortality rate, and has a certain epidemic periodicity. Its clinical symptoms include high fever, green loose feces, paralysis of both feet, tears, etc. The pathological autopsy characteristics are vascular damage, tissue bleeding, rash-like lesions in certain specific parts of the digestive tract mucosa, characteristic lesions in lymphoid organs, and degenerative changes in solid organs. This disease was first reported in China in 1963, and duck plague virus infection of geese was subsequently reported in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other places.

(1) Pathogen The pathogen of this disease is a herpes virus. The virus is sensitive to ether and chloroform. The virus is killed after 10 minutes at 56°C, but it takes 90 to 120 minutes at 50°C to inactivate the virus. Commonly used disinfectants such as 75% alcohol for 5 to 30 minutes, 0.1% mercuric chloride for 10 to 20 minutes, and 0.5% bleaching powder and 5% quicklime for 30 minutes can kill duck plague virus. It has strong resistance to low temperatures and can remain active after being stored at -20 to -10°C for one year. (2) Epidemic characteristics The disease often occurs in geese that are raised with ducks or in the same waters as ducks. Geese of different ages, breeds, and genders can be infected. However, geese aged 15 to 50 days are the most susceptible. The disease in goslings often manifests as acute death, which quickly spreads to the entire flock, and the mortality rate can reach about 80%. Generally, the time from onset to death is usually 2 to 5 days. The incidence rate of adult geese is low, and generally death is very rare. The main sources of infection for this disease are sick ducks and geese and infected ducks and geese. Susceptible geese can be infected by direct contact with infected ducks and geese or by contact with contaminated environments. (3) Symptoms The symptoms of geese infected with duck plague virus are basically similar to those of duck plague. The body temperature rises to above 42°C, the spirit is depressed, the neck is shrunk, the feathers are loose and dull, the appetite is greatly reduced or even lost, and they like to drink water. The sick geese are weak in movement or paralyzed in both limbs, and in some cases the wings droop. Tears flow, the conjunctiva is congested and bleeding, there is a large amount of serous or mucous secretions in the nostrils, breathing is difficult, and the head is often tilted up, coughing, and some cases are edematous. The feces are yellow-green, gray-green or yellow-white, with blood in the feces, and the area around the anus is contaminated with feces. The anus is edematous, the cloaca mucosa is congested and swollen, and in severe cases, the cloaca is everted, and the penis of the sick gander cannot be retracted. Generally, death occurs within 2 to 5 days after the onset of the disease, and some can last longer. When the goose is turned upside down after death, a green and smelly liquid may flow out of the mouth. Adult geese often show symptoms such as decreased egg production, tearing, diarrhea, and lameness. (4) Subcutaneous hemorrhages or hemorrhages of varying sizes are found during autopsy. Eyelids are swollen, congested, and hemorrhaged with necrotic foci. In some cases, subcutaneous connective tissue edema is seen. There are gray-yellow pseudomembranes or hemorrhages in the mouth and esophagus. There are ring-shaped hemorrhages or yellow pseudomembranes at the junction of the crop and glandular stomach. Hemorrhages or ulcers can be seen after peeling off the pseudomembranes. There are hemorrhages or hemorrhages of varying sizes in the subcutaneous layer of the gizzard and the glandular stomach mucosa. The duodenum or small intestine often show more severe diffuse congestion, hemorrhage, or acute catarrhal inflammation. The posterior rectum has mottled hemorrhages or forms continuous yellow pseudomembranes. The cloaca is congested, hemorrhaged, and edematous. The mucosal surface is often covered with gray-green necrotic scabs that are difficult to peel off, and it feels frosted when scraped with a knife. There are small spots of congestion or bleeding on the surface of solid organs such as the heart, liver, and kidneys. The liver surface often has gray-yellow or white necrotic foci or hemorrhagic spots of varying sizes and shapes, and some necrotic foci are purulent. The spleen is mostly not enlarged, but shows mottled degeneration. The bursal mucosa of Fabricius is edematous and hemorrhagic, and in some cases, the bursal cavity is filled with blood clots. There are hemorrhagic spots on the endocardium. (5) Diagnostic specimen collection: Aseptically collect the liver, spleen, brain and other tissues of acutely dead geese and place them in a sealed sterile refrigerated container for virus isolation.

Virus isolation and culture: Grind the diseased material evenly, dilute it with 10 times physiological saline, take the supernatant and add penicillin and streptomycin at 1000 international units per milliliter. Then, inoculate the chorioallantoic membrane of 9-14 day old duck embryos at a dose of 0.2 ml per egg. The infected duck embryos may die 4-10 days after inoculation. Dead embryos show obvious edema, congestion and bleeding. If the initial isolation is negative, the chorioallantoic membrane can be harvested for further blind passage. Virus identification: duck plague virus is a DNA virus, sensitive to ether and chloroform. Known serum can be used for neutralization test for further identification.

Animal inoculation: Treat the diseased material in the usual way, then take 0.2-0.5 ml of the supernatant and inoculate it into one-day-old ducklings from a flock of ducks free of specific pathogens. Note that ducklings do not carry maternal antibodies. Generally, the onset and mortality can be observed 3-12 days after inoculation. During autopsy, typical duck plague lesions can be seen. (6) Prevention and control measures At present, there is no specific treatment for this disease. Prevention and control of this disease mainly rely on routine comprehensive epidemic prevention measures. The following aspects should be focused on:

First, do not import breeder ducks and geese from epidemic areas. When ducks, goose chicks and breeding eggs need to be imported, the local epidemic situation should be understood in detail and they should be imported after strict quarantine. The imported ducks and geese should be isolated and raised for a period of time, and only after quarantine and observation that there is no disease can they be raised in groups.

Second, avoid contact with ducks and geese infected with duck plague. Avoid raising ducks and geese together or drinking from the same pond or feed and water contaminated by duck plague virus. Reduce grazing and keep them in pens to reduce the chance of infection.

Third, use vaccines for immunization. Currently, the vaccines provided include chicken embryo duck plague attenuated vaccine and goose plague vaccine (separated from the virus in geese and cultivated into vaccine). Note that when using duck plague vaccine, the dose should be 5 to 10 times that of ducks, and breeding geese are generally vaccinated at 15 to 20 times.

Fourth, strengthen feeding management and strictly implement sanitation and disinfection system to prevent duck plague virus from contaminating various utensils, transportation tools, feed, drinking water, etc. Keep goose houses, playgrounds, feeding and management utensils and pools clean and hygienic, and disinfect them regularly with 10% lime water and 5% bleaching powder.

Fifth, once the goose flock is sick, comprehensive epidemic prevention measures such as strict blockade, isolation, disinfection, carcass destruction and emergency vaccination must be taken quickly. Emergency vaccination should be carried out as early as possible, and duck plague vaccine or goose plague vaccine (virus isolated from geese and cultured into vaccine) can be used. The following dosages can be used: 15 doses of duck plague vaccine for sick geese under 15 days old; 20 doses for sick geese 15 to 30 days old; 25 to 30 doses for intramuscular injection for geese from 30 days old to adult. Goose plague vaccine should be administered according to the instructions, and strict isolation and thorough disinfection of venues and utensils should be carried out to control the spread of the epidemic as soon as possible.

Sixth, after the onset of the disease, more green feed and less pellet feed should be fed, and oral salt solution can be used instead of drinking water for 4-5 days. The amount of vitamins in the feed should be increased, and appropriate antibiotics should be used in the feed or drinking water to prevent secondary bacterial infection.

Duck plague virus infection of geese is also called goose viral ulcerative enteritis, which is caused by duck plague virus. Direct and indirect contact are the transmission routes of this disease. Contaminated water bodies, feed, drinking water, utensils, etc. are all transmission media of this disease. Sick geese are mainly infected through the digestive tract and respiratory tract, and can also be infected through the conjunctiva of the eyes and the bites of blood-sucking insects. Geese aged 20 to 45 days are highly susceptible, with a mortality rate of about 80%; the incidence and mortality of adult geese depend on environmental conditions, generally about 10%, but can be as high as 90% to 100% in epidemic areas. It is an infectious disease with fast spread, fast epidemic, high incidence and mortality, and a certain epidemic periodicity.

Clinical symptoms: The sick geese are listless, their legs are weak, their appetite is lost, their wings droop, and they lie prone. A characteristic symptom is eyelid edema, tearing, and wet feathers around the eyes. Conjunctival congestion and bleeding. Another characteristic is swelling of the head and neck, a large amount of serous and mucous secretions flowing out of the nostrils, difficulty breathing, often tilting the head back, coughing, diarrhea, yellow-green or yellow-white loose stools, and blood in the stool. Anal edema, congestion and swelling of the cloaca mucosa, and in severe cases, the cloaca is everted.

At present, there is no specific treatment for this disease, and comprehensive epidemic prevention measures are mainly taken to prevent and control this disease. Strengthen feeding management, strictly implement the sanitation and disinfection system, regularly disinfect the playground, goose house, and feeding utensils, do not introduce breeding geese from the epidemic area, and do not contact the ducks and geese with duck plague. Avoid raising ducks and geese together or using the same pool together, and graze less. Confinement can reduce the chance of infection; use vaccines for immunization, and pay attention to the use of duck plague vaccine. The dose should be 5 to 10 times that of ducks; once the goose flock is sick, strict blockade, isolation, disinfection, incineration and emergency vaccination and other epidemic prevention measures must be taken quickly. Feed more green feed after the onset of the disease, and use oral rehydration salts instead of drinking water for 4 to 5 days. Multidimensional glucose, vitamin C, etc. should be added to the feed. At the same time, use an appropriate amount of broad-spectrum antibiotics to mix feed or drinking water to prevent secondary bacterial infection.

Duck plague virus infection of geese is also called goose viral ulcerative enteritis, which is caused by duck plague virus. Direct and indirect contact are the transmission routes of this disease. Contaminated water bodies, feed, drinking water, utensils, etc. are all transmission media of this disease. Sick geese are mainly infected through the digestive tract and respiratory tract, and can also be infected through the conjunctiva of the eyes and the bites of blood-sucking insects. Geese aged 20 to 45 days are highly susceptible, with a mortality rate of about 80%; the incidence and mortality of adult geese depend on environmental conditions, generally about 10%, but can be as high as 90% to 100% in epidemic areas. It is an infectious disease with fast spread, fast epidemic, high incidence and mortality, and a certain epidemic periodicity.

Clinical symptoms: The sick geese are listless, their legs are weak, their appetite is lost, their wings droop, and they lie prone. A characteristic symptom is eyelid edema, tearing, and wet feathers around the eyes. Conjunctival congestion and bleeding. Another characteristic is swelling of the head and neck, a large amount of serous and mucous secretions flowing out of the nostrils, difficulty breathing, often tilting the head back, coughing, diarrhea, yellow-green or yellow-white loose stools, and blood in the stool. Anal edema, congestion and swelling of the cloaca mucosa, and in severe cases, the cloaca is everted.

At present, there is no specific treatment for this disease, and comprehensive epidemic prevention measures are mainly taken to prevent and control this disease. Strengthen feeding management, strictly implement the sanitation and disinfection system, regularly disinfect the playground, goose house, and feeding utensils, do not introduce breeding geese from the epidemic area, and do not contact the ducks and geese with duck plague. Avoid raising ducks and geese together or using the same pool together, and graze less. Confinement can reduce the chance of infection; use vaccines for immunization, and pay attention to the use of duck plague vaccine. The dose should be 5 to 10 times that of ducks; once the goose flock is sick, strict blockade, isolation, disinfection, incineration and emergency vaccination and other epidemic prevention measures must be taken quickly. Feed more green feed after the onset of the disease, and use oral rehydration salts instead of drinking water for 4 to 5 days. Multidimensional glucose, vitamin C, etc. should be added to the feed. At the same time, use an appropriate amount of broad-spectrum antibiotics to mix feed or drinking water to prevent secondary bacterial infection.