CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What foods do Chinese ground beetles like to eat?

What foods do Chinese medicinal plants like to eat?

The feed can be divided into:

1. Plant feed includes green feed, grain feed, and cake feed, which are the main feeds of earthworms. Green feed includes green vegetables, leaves, stems and seedlings, fruits and vegetables, etc. Grain feed includes rice, flour, rice bran, bran, corn flour, leftovers, etc. Cake feed mainly includes bean cake, peanut cake, etc.

2. Animal feed mainly includes minced meat, dried fish, milk, animal offal, crickets, mole crickets, earthworms, frogs, snakes, etc. Rotten and spoiled animals cannot be fed to earthworms.

3. Mineral feeds include broken bones and residues of livestock, poultry, fish and shrimp, which are processed into powder and mixed with other feeds for feeding.

This article is from: China Agricultural Press "Diagnosis and Control of Pests and Diseases"

What does the Chinese giant softshell turtle eat and what kind of living environment does it need?

The earthworm, also known as the earthworm and earth element, is cold in nature, salty in taste, and poisonous. It has the functions of promoting lactation, removing blood stasis, and relieving pain. It is an important Chinese medicinal material.

1. Growth and development The earthworm needs to go through egg laying, nymphing and adulting to complete one generation. It takes about 3 months for males to mature; it takes about 9 to 11 months for females. From June to October, eggs are laid one week after mating. The egg mass (called egg sheath) is about 0.5 cm long. At 30 to 35 degrees Celsius, white nymphs will hatch after 40 to 60 days. Thereafter, they will shed their skin 10 to 11 times every 20 to 50 days.

2. Feeding Equipment

1. Toolbox: There are four types of sieves: No. 1 sieve has 8.5 mm square mesh; No. 2 sieve has 3.5 mm square mesh; No. 3 sieve is similar to bran sieve; No. 4 sieve has 1.2 mm square mesh.

2. Feeding pit: The rear of the feeding pit should be against the wall, and the area in front of the wall should be 3.5 meters long and 0.5 meters wide. Five pits can be built, and each pit is separated into 5 layers by cement boards, with a total of 25 pits. Each pit has an area of ​​0.33 square meters, and soil is placed in the pit. The front of the pit is divided into two sections, the lower section is made of cement boards, and the upper section is made of wood. If necessary, both the upper and lower sections can be removed. The feeding soil can be sandy soil, clay or loam. After the soil is broken, use a No. 3 sieve to remove large pieces and add a small amount of plant ash to make it have a water content of about 20%. The feeding soil for 1-4 instar nymphs should not be more than 6.7 cm thick, and 10 cm thick for nymphs and adults over 5 instar. In winter and summer, the soil thickness of 20 cm is appropriate.

Three feeding management

1. Density: The stocking density can be adjusted as the insect age increases, and the maximum stocking density per square meter is 9 kg. The ground beetle has the habit of eating eggs, so the density of the breeding insects cannot be too high. When the ground beetle is raised in groups, the development process will have a difference of 1 to 4 instars, so it is divided into grades when the stocking density approaches a certain number. The 1st to 6th instar nymphs can be raised together. When the density is too high, they will kill each other and eat the egg sheaths. The breeding pit should be dark, and only the upper left corner and the lower right corner should be left with a length and width of 3.3 cm as ventilation holes. When the temperature is above 38℃, the pit door should be opened to cool down, and the pit mud should be thickened to reduce the density.

2. Feed: Bran and rice bran are the best concentrates for the earthworm, followed by corn flour and rapeseed meal; the best roughage is Ailanthus altissima leaves and elm leaves. Sunflowers, various green grasses, melon and fruit peels, vegetable leaves, and the residues of livestock, poultry, and fish are also acceptable. When feeding, you should flexibly master the feeding method according to different insect ages, different seasons, and different developmental stages. For nymphs from the 1st to 4th instar, you can put some dry soil on the surface of the breeding soil and sprinkle the concentrate on it. For nymphs and adults above the 5th instar, you can sprinkle a layer of 3.3 cm thick rice husk on the surface of the breeding soil, and then sprinkle the concentrate and green feed. In the months with low temperatures, you can feed once every other day. From June to September, feed every day, preferably in the morning. During the molting period, insects of all ages should be fed less or no concentrate, and they can be fed normally after the molting is basically completed.

3. Artificial incubation of egg sheaths: Artificial incubation begins in early to mid-February. Use a relatively large aluminum pot with a ceramic bowl slightly smaller than the pot. Put the incubation mud in the bowl and mix it evenly with the egg sheath. Put water in the pot, the height of the water is the same as the soil in the bowl, and use a kerosene lamp to heat the bottom of the pot, 1.7 cm away from the bottom of the pot, so that the water temperature is maintained at 32-35℃. Stir the mud eggs once every few days. Keep stirring day and night, and all hatch after 40-60 days.

4. Winter feeding and warming method: The ground beetle has a hibernation habit. When the temperature drops below 8℃, it will hide in the soil and come out of the soil when the temperature rises to above 10℃ in April of the following year. Artificial heating can be used for feeding in the low temperature seasons of winter and spring. Commercial insects can be produced twice a year, so that 20 to 25 kilograms of fresh insects can be produced per square meter. In winter, it can be raised in a greenhouse. The greenhouse can be of different sizes as long as it can keep warm. For example, an east-west greenhouse is 6 to 12 meters long, 3 meters wide and 2.5 meters high. Double-layer hollow walls are built with bricks. The roof is high in the north and low in the south, with a slope height of 1:25. The roof is covered with glass. Use sunlight for heating. When the temperature is too low, artificial heating can be used. Put two coal cake stoves in the greenhouse. Install heat transfer iron pipes on the stove to discharge the gas to the outside. Put a kettle on the stove to adjust the temperature and humidity in the room to keep the temperature at 27 to 32℃.

4. Pest and disease control

1. Green mold disease: It mainly occurs in the rainy season. When the diseased earthworms are infected, their abdomens turn dark green with spots, their bodies become soft, their appetite decreases, and they soon crawl out of the mud and die. Once the disease is discovered, the diseased insects should be isolated and raised, and drier pit mud should be replaced to reduce the density. At the same time, the insects should be sprayed with 0.5% formalin solution; 0.25 grams of erythromycin can also be mixed with 0.25 kilograms of wheat bran and fed 2 to 3 times in a row until they are cured.

2. Egg mass Aspergillus disease: Due to high temperature and high humidity in the tank (bowl), Aspergillus reproduces in large numbers, causing the death of eggs and nymphs. The prevention and control method is: keep the pit soil dry, with humidity not exceeding 20%, collect the egg mass once every 10 days, mix 1 part of 3% bleaching powder with 9 parts of lime powder, and sprinkle it on the egg mass for disinfection. After the worms emerge, screen out the larvae every 3 days and put them in the larval tank for breeding. No food is given during the incubation period.

3. Flour mites: mites are the most dangerous parasites in the production of ground beetles. It is easy to occur when the temperature is above 25℃, the pit mud is relatively wet, and there is too much feed. The young mites parasitize on the thorax, abdomen and leg base of the ground beetle, which can kill the ground beetle larvae. Prevention and control methods: The remaining feed on the pit surface can be scraped out together with the pit mud to 1.65-3.3 cm, and dried in the sun, or all the ground beetles can be sieved out and replaced with new pit mud. When replacing the pit mud, use 30% trioxygen miticide sulfone or 20% mite egg fat pesticide, and mix the dry pit mud with a 1:400 solution. 0.037 cubic meters of pit mud use 4 grams of medicine and 1.6 kg of water. Rats, ants, frogs and chickens are also enemies of ground beetles, and they must be carefully controlled.

5. Harvesting and processing To maximize the breeding effect of the earthworm, male nymphs and female adults should be soaked and dried in the sun. Generally, there are about 6,000 full-age male nymphs per kilogram of dried worms; there are about 1,200 full-age female adults per kilogram of dried worms. Except for keeping seeds, all male worms should be soaked and dried in the sun. Use a No. 1 sieve to screen out 7-8 instar nymphs, pick out male worms for soaking and drying, and keep female worms until they become adults. The weight of female nymphs is the highest when they are 9-11 years old, and the drying rate can reach 38-41%; the drying rate of male nymphs at 8 years old is 30-33%. Harvesting at this time can achieve better economic results. The specific time is from late August to before wintering. After the fresh worms are soaked to death, wash them and dry them until they are dry. If the weather is bad, use a fire of about 50℃ to slowly dry them.

The Chinese earthworm is an omnivorous insect. It likes fresh food, and likes bran and rice bran the most, followed by cornmeal, broken grains, peanut cakes, soybean meal, fish, meat, various grass and vegetable leaves, fruit peels, chicken, cow dung and other coarse feed. If it is fed with grass alone, it will grow slowly. The complete feed can be 72% wheat bran, 20% cornmeal, 5% soybean cake, and 3% animal feed (cooked feed). It should be boiled with boiling water when feeding, and 30% to 40% green vegetables or fruits should be added. It can grow into an adult after 5 to 6 months of feeding with complete feed.

Living environment:

The earth beetle is an important medicinal insect that lives in dark, humid, loose soil rich in humus. It is afraid of sunlight, hides during the day and is active at night. The optimal growth temperature is 28-30℃. Temperatures below 0℃ or above 38℃ will cause mass death of adults and nymphs. When the temperature drops to 8℃, it will stop being active and enter a dormant period.