CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the issues and suggestions for silkworm rearing at each stage? (Silkworm rearing precautions, technical aspects?)

1. What should we pay attention to when raising silkworms?

Things to note when raising silkworms

1. The silkworms are very small and have dark black bodies. When feeding them mulberry leaves, it is best to pick the tender mulberry leaves. It is also best to cut a small piece with scissors to make it easier for the silkworms to eat.

2. When the silkworms grow up a little, the mulberry leaves do not need to be cut, but the tender leaves are still the main ones, which is convenient for the silkworms to eat. They are now slightly white. Since the mulberry leaves are tender, they dry very quickly, so pay attention to adding leaves in time.

3. The silkworms eat more vigorously, grow faster, and have a good appetite, so it is easy to reach the time of molting. That is, the silkworms do not move much, and then begin the process of molting. Don't think it is sick and rub it.

4. After the fourth molting, the silkworm's body has become more transparent and is ready to start spinning silk. After about 5 days, the cocoons can be harvested.

5. Silkworms basically spend their entire lives eating. For those who raise silkworms in cities, the most troublesome thing is the mulberry leaves. If there are some in the garden, it is best to pick them. If not, you can buy them online or in the local market. Before feeding mulberry leaves, please be sure to wash the leaves, wipe them dry and then feed them to the silkworms, so that they are not prone to diarrhea or even death.

6. If it is difficult to obtain mulberry leaves, you can go out and pick them, pack them up, sprinkle some water on them and put them in the refrigerator to keep them fresh. This way, the silkworms can eat mulberry leaves every day. If there are really no leaves, you can also feed them some vegetable leaves, such as camphor leaves or lettuce leaves.

7. If you find that silkworms are not allowed to eat for several consecutive days, and it is a collective state, then you should pay attention to two issues. One is the hygiene of the mulberry leaves, whether they are washed clean, whether there are pesticides, etc. The other is whether the mulberry leaves have moisture and are not wiped dry, which will cause the silkworms to get sick. If none of these are present, you need to consider the surrounding environment. Too fragrant, too humid, or too dry is not good. Young silkworms have strong resistance to high temperature and humidity. Generally, the silkworm room is maintained at 25-28℃ and the relative humidity is 75%-80%. Adult silkworms are suitable for an environment with slightly lower temperature and humidity and good ventilation. Generally, the silkworm room is maintained at 23-24℃ and the relative humidity is 60%-70%.

2. What are the things to pay attention to when raising silkworms, feeding them and laying eggs?

1. Temperature: Silkworms are very afraid of cold, so we always hear about spring silkworms. There is also a famous poem that only mentions spring silkworms, which is "The silkworm may not stop spinning silk until it dies, and the candle may not stop shedding tears until it turns to ashes." Therefore, we must pay attention to the breeding temperature when raising silkworms. Usually April and May are the best times to raise silkworms. The temperature at this time is basically around 20 to 25 degrees. We don't need to spend a lot of effort to adjust the temperature of the breeding room. Therefore, through the adjustment of temperature, the practice of raising silkworms in other seasons gradually emerged.

2. Mulberry leaves

When raising silkworms, you should pay attention to the fact that mulberry leaves should be fresh. At most, mulberry leaves that have been left at home overnight can be used to feed silkworms, but if the leaves are not fresh for too long, the silkworms will have diarrhea after being handled or will not eat them at all. The second thing to pay attention to is that the mulberry leaves must be cleaned and dust-free. At the same time, you cannot feed the silkworms mulberry leaves that have dew on them or that are not dry after washing, because the silkworms will have diarrhea and then die after eating them. Finally, mulberry leaves that have been sprayed with agricultural drugs not long ago cannot be picked and fed to silkworms, because silkworms are particularly sensitive to toxins.

3. Hygiene

We all know that the living habits of silkworms are the same as pigs, eating and sleeping, sleeping and eating, but silkworms are much more fragile than pigs, so the requirements for the sanitation of the breeding room are also relatively high. Many farmers have to clean up every few days during breeding. In fact, this is wrong. It is usually best to clean up every day. Although silkworm feces have certain medicinal value, they will produce bacteria in the breeding room and cause some diseases. In addition, we must clean out the silkworm skin and leftover mulberry leaves in time, especially food residues.

4. Management

In fact, attention should be paid to the management of silkworms during the feeding, daily life and cocooning period. In feeding, it should be noted that mulberry leaves should not be fed all at once. Generally, they should be fed at least twice a day in the morning and evening. Secondly, in daily management, it should be noted that incense should not be used in the breeding room, and mosquito coils, perfumes and other things with strong odors should not be placed in the breeding room. Otherwise, the silkworms will not be able to bear it and will die. Finally, during the cocooning period, we need to prepare a place for the silkworms to cocoon, so that they will not be so laborious when cocooning. If we do not provide assistance, they may become pupae before the cocoons are completed.

5. Disease prevention

There are many minor diseases that may occur during silkworm rearing. For silkworm rearing, disease prevention is the main approach. The sick silkworms should be taken out for isolation and disinfected with special agents. Sick silkworms should not be thrown away randomly, as they are highly contagious. Mites, rats, chickens and other animals should not be allowed into the breeding room, otherwise there will be heavy losses.

3. What is the best way to prevent diseases when raising silkworms?

1. The basic principle of silkworm disease prevention and control is prevention first, combined with fire prevention.

2. Choose the correct method of use according to the disinfectant: Silkworm houses, utensils, environment, etc. should be soaked or sprayed with clarified bleach containing 1% effective chlorine for disinfection, and kept moist for more than half an hour.

3. Pay attention to disinfection work at all stages of silkworm rearing.

1. Clean and disinfect before raising silkworms. Clean, dry and disinfect the silkworm room, silkworm tools and environment about a week before raising silkworms.

2. Disinfection at each age: Regularly disinfect the silkworm room, its interior and exterior and the environment with drugs; use "3.7" bran (3 parts lime mixed with 7 parts charred bran) to disinfect the eye silkworms at each age; use silkworm body and silkworm seat disinfectant to disinfect the silkworm bodies when starting silkworms (use bleaching powder containing 2% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 1-3 ages, and use bleaching powder containing 3% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 4-5 ages); put sick, weak silkworms and silkworms that do not make cocoons into disinfection tanks in time, and bury them in pits dug in batches; remove silkworm feces diligently during the adult silkworm period, and spread lime and other drying materials to keep the silkworm seats dry; do not throw or place silkworm feces at random at all ages, but dig pits and bury them in batches for high-temperature fermentation.

3. Disinfection immediately after silkworms are harvested: After the cocoon harvesting is completed each season, the silkworm rooms and silkworm tools should be disinfected, washed, dried and collected.

4. What should I pay attention to when raising silkworms? When should I change the mulberry leaves? When does it mean that the silkworms are sick?

Things to note when raising silkworms at home:

1. Wash the collected mulberry leaves and dry them in a cool place. When feeding mulberry leaves, be sure to wipe the leaves with a dry cloth. There should be no water marks on the mulberry leaves, otherwise the silkworms will easily have diarrhea and die.

2. Do not use fly or mosquito repellent indoors. Silkworms are very sensitive to odors and will be poisoned and die.

3. Clean the silkworm breeding container in time, remove the residual leaves and silkworm feces, and use a brush to pull out the silkworms when removing the residual leaves (this method is especially suitable for small silkworms), and pay attention to whether there are still silkworms on the residual leaves.

4. When the silkworms are skinning, the amount of mulberry leaves used should be reduced. They should not eat or move for about one or two days. When the skin is half-skinned, no one is needed to help pull the skin, otherwise the silkworms will die from pain.

5. In summer and autumn, the temperature is high when raising silkworms. In the morning, you should spray well water in the silkworm room, hang wet cloth or straw curtains, close doors and windows during the day to prevent heat from flowing into the room, and keep doors and windows open all night when the temperature is low at night. Spraying mulberry leaves with clean water and using electric fans to blow breezes indoors can also help cool down the room.

6. If sick silkworms are found, they should be cleaned up in time and placed in a disinfection basin filled with bleach solution or lime slurry. Do not throw sick silkworms away randomly and do not feed sick silkworms to livestock and poultry to prevent the spread of pathogens and pollute the environment.

7. Silkworm feces contain a large amount of pathogens and cannot be dumped at will, nor can they be spread out to dry around the silkworm room. They should be gathered in piles in the wild or placed in manure pits for fermentation to prevent the spread of pathogens.

8. In summer and autumn, the temperature is high and pathogens multiply quickly. Pay attention to planning leaf harvesting, timely transportation, and reasonable storage. Leaves should not be piled too thick to prevent heat deterioration and induce silkworm disease. The mulberry storage pool should be disinfected once every age to kill pathogens, or feed overnight mulberry leaves.

9. Avoid feeding wet leaves in hot and humid weather. Do not water the stored mulberry leaves. Remove sand frequently and sprinkle more fresh lime powder, dry straw and other materials to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

10. When it is not the silkworm-raising season, do not store grains, bran and other items in the silkworm room to avoid moisture and the generation of mites, which will harm the silkworms during breeding.

5. What should we pay attention to when raising silkworms?

Summer and autumn silkworm breeding should pay attention to

1. Prevent pesticide poisoning. During the silkworm-raising season, do not spray organic pesticides such as dimethoate in the silkworm room and the fields near the mulberry fields, as the smell will cause poisoning to the silkworms; mulberry leaves should be fed to the silkworms only after they have been tested and confirmed to be non-toxic.

2. Mosquito-repellent incense or mosquito repellent or insecticide is prohibited in the silkworm room. If it is used in the house near the silkworm room, the doors and windows of the silkworm room should be closed to prevent the silkworms from being poisoned.

3. Screen doors and windows should be installed in the silkworm room to prevent flies from entering the room and harming the silkworms, and "silkworm fly killing" emulsion should be added or sprayed on the silkworm bodies to kill the maggots.

4. Before raising silkworms, rat holes should be blocked, silkworm racks should be kept at a certain distance from the wall, and lime powder or silkworm medicine should be sprinkled around the legs of the silkworm racks to prevent rats from climbing up. When raising silkworms, drugs should be used to kill rats.

5. In summer and autumn, the temperature is high when raising silkworms. Open doors and windows to increase indoor ventilation. Spraying mulberry leaves with clean water and using electric fans to blow breeze indoors can also help cool down the room.

6. If sick silkworms are found, they should be cleaned up in time and placed in a disinfection basin filled with bleach solution or lime slurry. It is forbidden to feed sick silkworms to livestock and poultry to prevent the spread of pathogens and pollute the environment.

7. Silkworm feces contain a large amount of pathogens. Do not spread them out to dry around the silkworm room. Instead, compost them in a pile outdoors or in a manure pit to prevent the spread of pathogens.

8. In summer and autumn, the temperature is high and pathogens multiply quickly. Pay attention to picking leaves on demand, transporting leaves in time, and storing leaves properly. The mulberry pool should be disinfected once for each age, and do not feed mulberry leaves overnight.

9. Avoid feeding wet leaves in hot and humid weather. Do not water the stored mulberry leaves. Remove sand frequently and sprinkle more fresh lime powder, dry straw and other materials to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

10. When it is not the silkworm-raising season, do not store grains, bran and other items in the silkworm room to avoid moisture and the generation of mites, which will harm the silkworms during breeding.

Additional information:

Five common misunderstandings about the use of drugs in silkworm rearing In recent years, many silkworm farmers have used excessive and unconventional drugs in the prevention and treatment of silkworm diseases, which has resulted in drug poisoning of silkworms and aggravation of the disease, causing unnecessary losses in silkworm production. The author introduces the five common misunderstandings about the use of drugs in the silkworm rearing period as follows for reference by silkworm farmers.

1. The misunderstanding of using drug carriers is to spray silkworm medicine on mulberry leaves to add food to silkworms. Mulberry seedling planting technology and mulberry tree disease and insect pest control should be sprayed (sprinkled) on silkworm bodies, silkworm seats, and silkworm webs, which should be determined according to the disease type and drug type. But the actual situation is that drug carriers are often confused. For example, "Fangjiangling No. 2" is often sprayed on mulberry leaves by some silkworm farmers as a food drug, which often leads to poisoning and death of silkworms. And "Chloramphenicol for Silkworms" and "Kanjun Bacteria" that should be used to add food are often used on silkworm bodies, which is not only ineffective but also misses the best time to prevent and control silkworm diseases.

2. Misunderstandings in drug selection Some silkworm medicines are quite similar in appearance and color, and are often used incorrectly. "Big Silkworm Disease Prevention No. 1" and "Small Silkworm Disease Prevention No. 1" are only one letter different, both are bagged powders, but the concentration of the active ingredient - formaldehyde is significantly different, the former is 2.5%, and the latter is 1.25%. If they are used in reverse, it will cause drug damage to small silkworms and poor effect on large silkworms. According to the Agricultural and Forestry Network, "Fangjiangling No. 2" and "Mi Canfei" are often mixed because of their similar colors. More silkworm farmers do not know the efficacy of silkworm medicines and cannot choose the right medicine when selecting. What's worse, because they think the medicine is not strong enough, they mix and use multiple silkworm medicines, which actually promotes chemical reactions between the medicines, making the silkworm medicine lose its original efficacy and even causing drug damage. For example, "Fangbing No. 1", "Mi Canfei", "Fangjiangling No. 2" and other alkaline drugs such as lime powder should not be mixed at the same time.

3. Misunderstandings about the timing of medication. For example, when using lime powder during the dormancy period, there is no time distinction. Some people use it until the late dormancy period, causing the silkworms to molt half or not at all. "Anti-rigidity powder" works best when used before feeding at the beginning of the instar, but some silkworm farmers use it at the end of the instar when the silkworms are about to dormancy.

Fourth, the misunderstanding of the dosage of medicine is often manifested in insufficient dosage, excessive dosage, insufficient or too frequent dosage. For example, the dosage of "Ultra-Clean" fumigant used in the young silkworm stage is confused with the dosage used for disinfection before silkworms are killed, and 5 grams are used per cubic meter of space instead of 1 gram. In addition, when preventing and treating silkworm fly maggot disease, some people use "silkworm fly killing" once in the fifth instar of silkworms and think that it is enough, resulting in countless maggot holes and silkworms when collecting cocoons.

5. Mistakes in drug preparation: Drug preparation is based on guesswork and the concentration of the original drug is not taken into account, resulting in a high or low concentration. For example, when preparing bleaching powder to prevent stiffness, the effective chlorine concentration should be 2% for young silkworms and 3% for adult silkworms. However, in the prevention and control of silkworm diseases, the phenomenon of excessive effective chlorine concentration causing poisoning and death of adult silkworms occurs in almost every region and every season.

6. How to raise silkworms correctly?

1. The environmental conditions are suitable. Silkworms of different ages require different temperatures and humidity. Pay attention to ventilation.

2. The quality of mulberry leaves. The mulberry leaves eaten by silkworms at different stages are different. The smaller they are, the more tender they are; the older they are, the more mature and darker the mulberry leaves they eat.

3. Dispose of silkworm feces in a timely manner to avoid accumulation and the growth of microorganisms.

4. There must be no messy smells or pesticides in the silkworm breeding environment. One shot kills! Sericulture is a professional course with many knowledge points. Under this condition, silkworm breeding under normal circumstances is enough. More careful knowledge is needed. The questioner can check the relevant books by himself.