CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to solve ammonia poisoning in fish?

1. How to solve ammonia poisoning in fish?

[Causes] (1) The pond is aging and the bottom sediment contains too much organic matter. The organic matter decomposes and produces a large amount of ammonia, causing the fish to float to the surface.

(2) Too much bait is fed, and the remaining bait decomposes to produce ammonia, causing the ammonia concentration in the water to be too high, causing the fish to float to the surface.

(3) The pond water is too thin, and the amount of phytoplankton in the water is small. Since dissolved oxygen mainly comes from the photosynthesis of phytoplankton, if there are few phytoplankton, the dissolved oxygen is low, and ammonia nitrogen cannot be converted into non-toxic nitrite nitrogen through oxidation, thus accumulating in the water and causing ammonia poisoning. In addition, phytoplankton absorbs nitrogen as a synthetic nutrient to grow. If there is a small amount of phytoplankton, ammonia nitrogen cannot be effectively absorbed, causing ammonia nitrogen accumulation. Thus, ammonia poisoning occurs. [Symptoms] Ammonia poisoning fish show collective floating heads. Since the process of ammonia poisoning in fish is a process of excitement followed by inhibition, acute poisoning can be seen with increased secretion of mucus on the gills and body surface, bleeding on the body surface and gill cover, followed by tail tremors, and then turning to slow reaction, difficulty breathing and failure and death. Subacute poisoning causes the gill filaments to swell and adhere to each other. Since fish are in contact with sublethal concentrations or even lower concentrations of ammonia for a long time, red blood cells are hemolyzed, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced, CO2 in the blood increases, and respiratory function decreases, leading to acidemia.

2. Will putting alum in a fish pond poison the fish?

This question depends on the specific concentration. When using alum in normal dosage, it will not have any effect on fish. However, when alum is used in large quantities, the aluminum contained in alum will form crystals, and a large amount of colloid will be swallowed by fish. The survival rate of fish is very low, or most of them have basically died gradually, or are barely surviving, but have serious viral components in their bodies. If eaten by humans, it will be harmful to the human body.

3. What are the fish that are likely to cause Zaun poisoning?

Green-skinned red fish, such as mackerel, bonito, fish, as well as herring, sardines, saury, tuna, horse mackerel

4. What animal does not look like a fish but is a fish?

The lancelet is known as the least fish-like fish.

Amphioxus, also known as Bai's lancelet, slug fish, double-pointed fish or sea hair, is a precious marine animal. Due to its extremely special morphological structure, it has the characteristics of both invertebrates and vertebrates. It is a typical representative of the transitional type from invertebrates to vertebrates. Therefore, it is highly valued by the biological community at home and abroad.

The appearance of lancelet is very strange and interesting. It has a very small body, flattened on the left and right sides, pointed and thin ends, and a spindle-shaped body. It is generally only 4 to 5 cm long.

5. What type of fish is tilapia?

Tilapia - native to Africa, it is a tropical fish. The genus Tilapia includes more than 100 species, including subspecies. Tilapia has the characteristics of fast growth, high yield, omnivorous diet, few diseases and strong reproductive capacity.

6. What are the differences between secondary amines, quaternary amines and tertiary amines?

1. Different number of hydrogen atoms:

Secondary amines, also called secondary amines, have the molecular formula R2NH and contain one hydrogen atom; tertiary amines, also called tertiary amines, have the molecular formula R3N and have 0 hydrogen atoms; quaternary amines, also called quaternary amines, have the molecular formula R4N+X- and also have 0 hydrogen atoms and are positively charged.

2. The number of hydrocarbon groups connected to the nitrogen atom is different:

The secondary amine nitrogen atom is connected to 2 hydroxyl groups; the tertiary amine nitrogen atom is connected to 3 hydroxyl groups; and the quaternary amine nitrogen atom is connected to 4 hydroxyl groups.

Amine Overview and Applications:

Definition of amine: The product in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule are replaced by a hydrocarbon group is called an amine. According to the number of hydrogen atoms replaced in the amine molecule, amines can be divided into primary amines, secondary amines, and tertiary amines.

A compound formed by replacing the hydrogen in the ammonia molecule with a hydrocarbon group. At the same time, amines can be regarded as derivatives in which the H in the ammonia molecule is replaced by a hydrocarbon group. Amines are widely present in the biological world and have extremely important physiological effects. Therefore, most drugs contain the functional group of amines - amino groups. Proteins, nucleic acids, many hormones, antibiotics and alkaloids all contain amino groups and are complex derivatives of amines.

7. How to identify the authenticity of primary, secondary and tertiary amines?

Since the reactions of primary, secondary and tertiary amines with nitrous acid are different, the screening with nitrous acid is often used to identify these three types of amines. Primary amines react with nitrous acid to release nitrogen and generate a mixture of alcohols, olefins, etc. Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to generate yellow insoluble N-nitrosoamines. Tertiary amines generally do not react with the above reaction under the same conditions.

8. Comparison of the acidity of primary, secondary and tertiary amines?

Ammonia is less basic than primary amines, which are less basic than secondary amines, which are less basic than tertiary

The alkalinity of fatty amines is stronger than that of ammonia because the CN bond is polarized and more easily accepts protons. For secondary and tertiary amines, the distribution of positive charges on the nitrogen atom is important. The more substituents on the nitrogen atom, the stronger the alkalinity.

9. What are the characteristics of fish?

The shape, body temperature, bones and skin of fish are different from those of other animals. In addition, fish have an organ that other animals do not have - the swim bladder. The existence of the swim bladder is also the reason why fish can float in the water.

1. Shape

Fish have a variety of shapes, sometimes quite different, but in general most fish are elongated and streamlined. Generally speaking, fish that swim fast in the water have elongated bodies, while fish that swim slowly or live at the bottom of the water are relatively flat. But some fish have very strange shapes, such as seahorses. The smallest fish is less than 1 cm, and the largest fish (whale shark) can reach 18 meters.

2. Body temperature.

Fish are cold-blooded animals. The body temperature of some tunas and sharks (especially sharks of the family Carcharhinidae) is higher than the temperature of the surrounding environment. Bluefin tuna is the only warm-blooded fish.

3. Bones

The skeleton of a fish is made of cartilage (cartilaginous fish) or bone (bony fish). There are four to seven gills on both sides of the skull, of which the front one has evolved into the zygomatic bone. The spine of a fish is connected to the skull, the ribs in the chest are connected to the spine, and there are long spines extending from the spine on the back, tail and abdomen.

4. Skin

Fish have two layers of skin: the outer layer contains glands that secrete mucus, and the inner layer contains many connective tissues, scales and pigment cells. The outer layer of mucus helps fish reduce drag when swimming. Cartilaginous fish do not have mucus, but the tiny, tooth-like protrusions on their skin have a similar function.

5. Fish bladder

The swim bladder is an inflatable sac-like organ in the fish's body. Its main function is not breathing. Fish rely on the swim bladder to adjust their specific gravity. Fish can use the swim bladder to slowly rise or descend without moving. Most bony fish have a swim bladder, an organ for regulating buoyancy.

10. Cold-resistant fish?

All fish species in northern China are cold-resistant, such as the common carp, crucian carp, silver carp, bighead carp, grass carp, black carp, sturgeon, black carp, loach, yarrow, schizothorax and so on.