CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to prevent and treat turtle skin rot disease?

Turtle skin rot disease refers to white spot disease, white spot disease, neck rot, foot rot, white eye disease, nail rot, furuncle disease and severe nail rot, perforation disease, etc. caused by infection of pathogenic organisms after the turtle's body surface is damaged due to various reasons.

(1) Causes and symptoms of turtle skin rot ① Causes: The main cause of turtle skin rot is improper operation during transportation, stocking, and breeding, excessive breeding density, deterioration of breeding water, or parasite invasion, which damages the body surface and causes infection with pathogens. The pathogens are mainly fungi such as Mucor, Saprolegnia, Dermatophytes, and Corymbe, and bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia. Turtle skin rot is currently the most common, widespread, and troublesome disease. If this disease is not treated in time at the beginning, not only will the mortality rate be high, but even if the turtles do not die, it will also affect their growth and product quality.

②Main symptoms: Skin rot caused by fungi mainly attacks the juvenile, seedling and seedling stages of soft-shelled turtles. White flocculent patches can be seen on the skirt and neck of the body surface when observed underwater. When most soft-shelled turtles are cultured in ponds in spring and autumn, white or grayish-white flocculent patches can be seen on the neck and legs of the body surface. The above-mentioned soft-shelled turtles are slow to move and eat slowly at first, but they can still eat. When the condition becomes serious, they stop eating. Some float on the water surface in the corner of the pond, and some lie on the feeding table without moving. Most of them eventually die from complications of other diseases.

Turtles with skin rot caused by bacteria have a large number of yellow-white exudates on their body surface, claws, head, neck and tail. Some turtles have red and swollen eyes, white eyeballs and white noses. Turtles in the growing stage often have rotten necks, rotten feet, rotten shells, rotten tails and furuncles on the back. In severe cases, the back of the body is perforated and the shells are rotten, which directly infects the lungs. Some turtles have red and swollen necks, claws fall off and tails rot. Most of the turtles have a poor appetite and slow movements. In severe cases, they crawl on the food table and die soon. Dissection shows that the liver is enlarged, brittle and marbled, and most of them are accompanied by ascites. (2) Prevention of turtle skin rot ① Before stocking, use quicklime dry matter, 200 kg per mu, to clean the pond by dry method.

② For soft-shelled turtles weighing less than 50 grams, soak them in 1% salt water for 5 minutes before stocking; for those weighing more than 50 grams, soak them in 2% salt water for 5 minutes or use povidone-iodine for disinfection according to the product instructions.

③ Two days after stocking, pour 15g of Chinese medicine per cubic meter of water into a decoction and apply it; 10 days after stocking, apply it again. Sprinkle once every 15-20 days during the breeding period. The Chinese medicine prescription is 40% gallnut, 20% scutellaria, 30% hibiscus bark, and 10% ebony.

④ During the breeding period, feed Chinese medicine powder for 6 days every 10 days, and the dosage is 5% of the dry feed of the day. The formula is 35% of Scutellaria baicalensis, 20% of Licorice, 20% of Purslane, 10% of Hawthorn, and 15% of Radix Notoginseng. Soak for 3 hours before adding.

⑤ Adjust the water temperature for breeding. Since the optimal water temperature for the growth of fungi is 18-26℃, the water temperature can be adjusted to above 28℃ in a factory breeding environment. This will not only facilitate the activity and feeding of the turtles, but also inhibit the growth of fungi.

⑥ Before stocking, the water in the greenhouse and outdoor ponds should be properly fertilized to make the water transparency no higher than 20 cm. Since fungi tend to grow in clearer water, fertilizing the water can also control the growth of fungi. It is recommended to add fertilized water to the pond before stocking turtle fry to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases.

⑦ The production operation should avoid damaging the turtle's body surface, and it is best to operate with water throughout the process. When introducing and transporting, the turtles should be laid flat in a single layer and not stacked.

⑧Disinfect the pool water regularly to reduce the number of pathogens in the aquaculture water and kill parasites in time.

⑨ Reasonable stocking density and timely adjustment of density.

⑩ Maintain a good aquatic environment. For indoor breeding, in addition to using a vacuum cleaner to remove pollutants, quicklime should be frequently used for regulation. For outdoor breeding, in addition to quicklime, water should be replaced regularly if conditions permit. Especially in the hot summer season, it is best to replace the water every 2 to 5 days. (3) Treatment of turtle skin rot If it is confirmed that the skin rot is caused by fungi, the pool water can be completely replaced, and then 30 cm of new water can be added. Then, 50 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter of water can be used for water spraying, and the water can be filled to the standard water level after 30 minutes. If it is bacterial, povidone iodine can be used according to the product instructions.

Turtle skin rot disease refers to white spot disease, white spot disease, neck rot, foot rot, white eye disease, nail rot, furuncle disease and severe nail rot, perforation disease, etc. caused by infection of pathogenic organisms after the turtle's body surface is damaged due to various reasons.

(1) Causes and symptoms of turtle skin rot

① Causes of disease: The main cause of turtle skin rot is improper operation during transportation, stocking, and breeding, high breeding density, deterioration of breeding water, or parasite invasion, which damages the body surface and infects the turtle with pathogens. The pathogens are mainly fungi such as Mucor, Saprolegnia, Mycosporium, and Corythuja, and bacteria such as Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas, and Escherichia. Turtle skin rot is the most common, widespread, and troublesome disease. If this disease is not treated in time at the beginning, not only will the mortality rate be high, but even if the turtles do not die, it will also affect their growth and product quality.

②Main symptoms: Skin rot caused by fungi mainly attacks the juvenile, seedling, and seedling stages of soft-shelled turtles. White flocculent patches can be seen on the skirt and neck of the body surface when observed underwater. When most soft-shelled turtles are cultured in ponds in spring and autumn, white or grayish-white flocculent patches can be seen on the neck and legs of the body surface. The above-mentioned soft-shelled turtles move slowly at first, but can still eat. When the condition becomes serious, they stop eating. Some float on the water surface in the corner of the pond, and some lie on the feeding table without moving. Most of them eventually die from complications of other diseases.

Turtles with skin rot caused by bacteria have a large number of yellow-white exudates on their body surface, claws, head, neck, and tail. Some of them have red and swollen eyes, white eyeballs, and white noses. In the growing stage, sick turtles often have rotten necks, rotten feet, rotten shells, rotten tails, and furuncles on the back of the body. In severe cases, the back of the body is perforated and the shells are rotten, and the lungs are directly infected. Some have swollen necks, claws fall off, and tails rot. Most of the sick turtles have a poor appetite and slow movements. In severe cases, they crawl on the food table and die soon. Dissection shows that the liver is enlarged, brittle, and marble-like, and most of them are accompanied by ascites.

(2) Prevention of turtle skin rot disease

① Before stocking, use quicklime dry matter, 200 kg per mu, to clean the pond by dry method.

② For soft-shelled turtles weighing less than 50 grams, soak them in 1% salt water for 5 minutes before stocking; for those weighing more than 50 grams, soak them in 2% salt water for 5 minutes or use povidone-iodine for disinfection according to the product instructions.

③ Two days after stocking, pour 15g of Chinese medicine per cubic meter of water into a decoction and apply it; 10 days after stocking, apply it again. Sprinkle once every 15-20 days during the breeding period. The Chinese medicine prescription is 40% gallnut, 20% scutellaria, 30% hibiscus bark, and 10% ebony.

④ During the breeding period, feed Chinese medicine powder for 6 days every 10 days, and the dosage is 5% of the dry feed of the day. The formula is 35% of Scutellaria baicalensis, 20% of Licorice, 20% of Purslane, 10% of Hawthorn, and 15% of Radix Notoginseng. Soak for 3 hours before adding.

⑤ Adjust the water temperature for breeding. Since the optimal water temperature for the growth of fungi is 18-26℃, the water temperature can be adjusted to above 28℃ in a factory breeding environment. This will not only facilitate the activity and feeding of the turtles, but also inhibit the growth of fungi.

⑥ Before stocking, the water in the greenhouse and outdoor ponds should be properly fertilized to make the water transparency no higher than 20 cm. Since fungi tend to grow in clearer water, fertilizing the water can also control the growth of fungi. It is recommended to add fertilized water to the pond before stocking turtle fry to prevent the occurrence of fungal diseases.

⑦ The production operation should avoid damaging the turtle's body surface, and it is best to operate with water throughout the process. When introducing and transporting, the turtles should be laid flat in a single layer and not stacked.

⑧Disinfect the pool water regularly to reduce the number of pathogens in the aquaculture water and kill parasites in time.

⑨ Reasonable stocking density and timely adjustment of density.

⑩ Improve the aquatic environment. For indoor breeding, in addition to using a vacuum cleaner to remove pollutants, quicklime should be frequently sprinkled for regulation. For outdoor breeding, in addition to sprinkling quicklime, fresh water should be replaced regularly if conditions permit. Especially in the hot summer season, it is best to replace the water every 2 to 5 days.

(3) Treatment of turtle skin rot

If it is confirmed that the skin rot is caused by fungi, the pool water can be completely replaced, and then 30 cm of new water can be added, and then 50 grams of potassium permanganate per cubic meter of water can be used for water spraying, and then the water can be filled to the standard water level after 30 minutes. If it is bacterial, povidone iodine can be used according to the product instructions.