CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to farm black carp - Black carp farming techniques

How to breed black carp - black carp breeding technology

How to breed black carp - black carp breeding technology

Black carp is a fish with a green color. It is mainly distributed in the plains south of the Yangtze River in my country and is relatively rare in the north of the Yangtze River. It is an important fishery resource in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the lakes along the river. It is also the main breeding object in various lakes and ponds. It is one of the "four major fishes" in freshwater breeding in my country. Below, I will share with you the breeding technology of black carp, hoping to help you!

Pond conditions

It is better to choose a place with sufficient water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, no pollution source, ventilation and sunshine, and convenient transportation. The water quality is good and the transparency is 30-40cm.

Fishpond requirements:

Fish pond type Area O Water depth m Bottom silt thickness Pond cleaning

Fish fry pond 667～2500 1～1.5 Flat soil <20cm Clean the pond 15 days ago

1-year-old pool 2000～4000 1.5～2 <30cm

2-year-old pool 3500～5000 1.8～2.2 <40cm

Adult fish pond 5000～10000 2～2.5 <40cm

In fish breeding and adult fish rearing ponds, feeding areas (or feeding tables) should be designated. The feeding areas are required to be flat, free of silt, and kept clean and hygienic all year round.

Artificial seedling cultivation

Select female broodstock with no injuries, strong physique, soft and elastic abdomen, slightly red genital opening, loose and slightly protruding, liquid feeling when touched, and eggs developed to the end of maturity, and male broodstock with milky white semen flowing out of the genital opening of the abdomen when lightly pressed, and falling apart immediately after entering the water for artificial induction of labor. Oxytocin is best injected with a mixture of LRH-A and PG 0.6 kg.

Two injections are used. The first injection dose is 2-4 micrograms of LRH-A plus 0.1-0.2 PG per kilogram of broodstock weight. The second injection dose is 15-20 micrograms of LRH-A plus 0.5-1 PG. The male dose is halved. The interval between the two injections is 8-12 hours. The effective time is 8-10 hours when the water temperature is 25-27℃. About 1 hour before the effective time, the estrus dynamics of the broodstock should be carefully observed and artificial insemination should be carried out in time.

Fish fry cultivation

Apply 6000-7000kg/hectare of green manure or 3000-4000kg/hectare of manure 5-7 days before stocking. The organic fertilizer should be fermented, decomposed, and disinfected with 1%-2% lime. Deepen the water to 0.5m 2-3 days after fertilization, and to 0.6-0.7m after 5 days. Use a dense mesh to filter the water when it enters.

Feeding and management

Soy milk is applied on the 1st to 10th day, 30kg/ha in the first 5 days and 40kg/ha in the last 5 days. After 10 days, the amount is increased as appropriate, twice a day, and evenly sprinkled throughout the pond. Add 15-20cm of water every 5-7 days, and add to a depth of 1.3-1.5 meters when the summer flowers are out of the pond. Apply topdressing in appropriate amounts according to the water quality of the cultivation pond.

After about 25 days of cultivation, the fry will become summer flower fish and should be sparsely divided into ponds. They should undergo 2 to 3 intensive exercises before leaving the pond.

Fish fry stocking

Choose a windward location in sunny weather, release water splashes that have been filmed for 5 to 7 days, and set the stocking density at 1 to 1.5 million per hectare. Make sure the temperature difference does not exceed 2°C.

One-year-old fish breeding

The stocking time is before the summer solstice, with 80,000 to 100,000 black carp per hectare, 18,000 to 20,000 bighead carp per hectare, and 5,000 crucian carp per hectare.

First, use a small amount of fine feed to lure the black carp to the feeding table, and then feed bean cake slurry twice a day, 2-3 kg/time. After 5 cm, mix with vegetable cakes, after 7 cm, switch to soaked vegetable cakes or bean cakes, and after 10 cm, mix with crushed snails, starting with 30 kg/10,000, and then gradually increase.

Implement "four fixed" when feeding. Fixed point: feeding table or feeding field; fixed time: twice a day, 8-9 am, 2-3 pm; fixed quality: give high-quality fresh bait according to different growth stages; fixed quantity: each feeding is based on 1.5 hours of eating, and the monthly feeding amount accounts for the proportion of the total feeding amount: 4% in June, 15% in July, 23% in August, 25% in September, 15% in October, 10% in November, 4% in December, and 4% in January-March. Clean and disinfect the feeding field frequently to keep it hygienic. Fill water frequently, control the fertilizer to be moderate, and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. Patrol the pond twice a day in the morning and evening, observe carefully, arrange production according to the situation, and treat diseases in time. Keep production records. When the temperature drops to 10-5℃, the pond should be removed, the pond should be merged, and restocked. The winter stocking density is 25g/m3, change water regularly, feed in small amounts, keep quiet, and keep the water depth at 1.8-2 meters.

Cultivation of 3-year-old fingerlings

2-year-old black carp: 15,000-18,000/hectare, silver carp and bighead carp: 3,000/hectare, grass carp: 300/hectare, and crucian carp: 3,000/hectare.

Three-year-old black carp: 5,800 to 6,200 per hectare, silver carp and bighead carp: 3,000 per hectare, grass carp: 300 per hectare, and crucian carp: 3,000 per hectare.

Feed mainly animal bait, supplemented by plant bait, or mixed bait, which should be fresh. In spring and autumn, when the disease is most prevalent, add more easily digestible food, and the feeding area should be larger. Keep the water fresh, disinfect the feeding area with drugs or use medicated bait to prevent and treat enteritis.

Fish farming

⒈ Breeding method

The weight of black carp in the pond is 1500 to 1700/kg, and silver carp, crucian carp and grass carp are raised in the same pond for cultivation.

⒉Feeding and management

Add water every 10 days and maintain the water depth at 2m.

⒊ Other production measures refer to fish seed breeding.

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Why does almost no one raise black carp now?

In short, because the cost-effectiveness of black carp is getting lower and lower. If you analyze it, it mainly involves the following factors. If you were in my shoes, you might not want to farm black carp. The cost of farming black carp is too high, the cycle is too long compared to other fish (about three years), and the risk of farming black carp is getting higher and higher (it is very likely to become a loss-making business);

It is precisely because of the above factors that the value of black carp is getting higher and higher, and most people are unwilling to pay a high price and prefer to buy black carp. After all, the same amount of money can buy other species of fish with delicious meat, so why not refuse to buy black carp?

This article mainly introduces the black fish stone. The so-called black fish stone is actually a piece of cartilage from the fish head. As the name suggests, it is hard and durable, so this unique cartilage in the fish head is called "stone". The status of black fish stone in the collection world is not too high, but it is also a kind of cultural play that many literati and collectors prefer. Its popular areas are mainly distributed in some areas in the south. Although there are also some areas in the north that collect and play with black fish stones, it is extremely rare and few people have heard of it.

According to some collectors who play with black fish stone, black fish stone is not a natural stone. It comes from a piece of cartilage in the head of black fish, which is said to be a throat bone in the upper jaw of the fish head. After this skull was dissected and taken out, it cannot be called black fish stone at this moment without any processing conditions. The so-called black fish stone is the throat bone of the fish head that becomes hard and transparent after processing. From the appearance and internal structure, it has some sensory effects of jade, so it is called "black fish stone".

1. Is the price of black fish stone really not high? Compared with other precious jades, the value of black fish stone is indeed not too high. It is said that only black fish stone taken from the body of a black fish weighing more than 40 kilograms can be sold for tens of thousands of yuan. Although black fish stone has collection and ornamental value, its room for appreciation is not very large. Take this piece of black fish stone that can be sold for tens of thousands of yuan as an example. After processing, its added value profit is only three or four thousand yuan.

In 2016, Mr. Rao, a fisherman from Jingmen, caught a 66-kilogram black carp in Zhanghe River, Jingmen City. Because of the weight of the black carp, Mr. Rao was said to be famous in the fishing world for this 66-kilogram black carp. But it was not only this that made Mr. Rao famous. What the outside world valued was the black carp stone in the body of the black carp. After all, the bigger the black carp, the bigger the black carp stone.

The giant black fish that Mr. Rao caught at that time also had its black fish stone taken out of its body. This black fish stone is the size of an ordinary cigarette box. Until today, this black fish stone the size of an ordinary cigarette box can definitely be regarded as the "leader" in the black fish stone world. According to the reporter's interview, the black fish weighing about 5 kilograms has a black fish stone the size of an adult's thumb, and the handicrafts made from it are only worth tens or hundreds of yuan.

Although black carps under 20 kg have a lot of layers in terms of size and weight, the black carp stones taken out of these black carps are rarely estimated based on their size and weight. Generally speaking, black carp stones taken out of black carps under 20 kg are not valuable. In the black carp stone industry, 35 kg is the standard. Black carp stones taken out of black carps weighing more than 35 kg are more valuable.

(II) Serving as a natural material for handicrafts, the "best" of handmade objects Whether in the collecting world or in the whole society, almost everything in this world is valued by "scarcity makes things valuable", and of course, black fish stone is no exception. Black fish weighing less than 5 kg basically cannot produce valuable black fish stone from its body; only in the vast majority of black fish weighing more than 5 kg can you see that piece of black fish stone as you wish. But as we mentioned in the previous paragraph, it is only the size of a fingernail.

Black carp is one of the four major fish species in my country. Judging from the current level of artificial breeding, the scale and effect of black carp breeding are still quite optimistic. In addition, the number of black carps in nature is also relatively large, so this will inevitably lead to the value of black carp stone not being too high. After all, this kind of item has deviated from the standard of "scarcity makes things valuable". Generally speaking, black carp stone below 5 grams is only 20 to 30 yuan after processing, and black carp raw stone above 8 grams is relatively rare, but the price is only about 200 yuan.

Because the black fish stone is crystal clear and has a great visual effect after processing, it has become a popular item for many people to play with. The process of making black fish is not complicated. When you dissect the black fish head, you can see the black fish stone. However, you must be careful when taking out the black fish stone because its hardness is relatively low at this time. It is inappropriate to use your hands or tools to pry the stone. It is said that a special stainless steel spoon is required.

Because the black fish stone grows in the body of the black fish, it still has a strong fishy smell after being taken out. This requires some players or collectors: after successfully taking out the black fish stone, you must choose a windless place to let it dry in the shade. After it is completely dried in the shade, it will be ground and soaked in oil. These are the inherent processing methods of some rough stone raw materials. Finally, it will be polished into a crystal clear state, which is considered a success.

(3) Does the black fish stone really have the effect of calming and warding off evil? Its texture is very fragile. Peng Cheng, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, once wrote in his famous book "Continuation of Mo Ke Hui Xi·Fish": "There are fish with stone heads in the South China Sea, which are fish. Take the stone, process it into a vessel, and you can use it to carry food and drink. If you encounter poison, the vessel will burst. The effect is very remarkable."

There is also a related record in "Stories to Awaken the World": "In the shop stood a young lady, wearing a fish crown and Taoist clothes, with a green aura between her brows."

The historical records and descriptions of Green Fish Stone are far more than the two examples I mentioned above. However, looking at the role of Green Fish Stone in the eyes of the ancients, we can probably find the following aspects: it can be used as a food container, can be used to detect the presence of poison, can be used as a female headdress, etc. However, the next point I want to mention may seem special in everyone's eyes, but it is also a saying that has been passed down from ancient times to the present, that is, Green Fish Stone has the effect of calming and warding off evil spirits.

In addition to being a place for people to play and appreciate, the black fish stone made into a handicraft is also considered by many people to be an object of warding off evil spirits. In ancient times, there was a saying among the people that the black fish stone taken out could prevent children from being frightened and could also protect people from good fortune and misfortune. In some areas in the south, big black fish are often pickled in a vat as New Year's goods. After being pickled for several weeks, some farmers will take out the black fish stone from the big black fish for other uses.

The so-called "keeping it for other uses" is actually to calm down and ward off evil spirits. According to folk sayings, when children are frightened, they often put the black fish stone in their mouths for sucking; when adults have similar experiences, they just need to hold the black fish stone under their tongues. However, everyone generally has a question at this time: the factor that can calm children and adults is not the effect of the ingredients contained in the black fish stone itself, right? So some people have always thought that this is just a psychological effect.

Have you ever thought about this? After the rhino horns and antelope horns are ground into powder and taken by the human body, do they also have a certain calming and cooling effect? ​​There are also toads and oysters, which are also in the category of traditional Chinese medicine. So in my opinion, the reason why the saying that "black fish stone can calm people" has been passed down to this day is that I think there may be some ingredients in it that are similar to sedative traditional Chinese medicine. However, this is only for calming. The so-called evil spirits are all psychological.

The main reason for this is from the perspective of market demand. The main reason is that fewer people are eating it, the demand is decreasing, and naturally there will be fewer people raising chickens. There is nothing strange about this. Appropriate publicity plays a certain role, but the most important thing is that the product quality is excellent. If negative news breaks out, there will be a period of low consumption, just like the outbreak of avian influenza will cause losses to chicken farmers, so people dare not raise chickens. After a while, when they find that someone is making money, they start to follow suit. This is also a major feature of China's breeding industry. People like to breed the same organisms in a swarm. The reason is that they don't like to use their brains to analyze the relationship between risk and return, price and value, market consumption and supply, and how to increase breeding income.

Black carp is one of the "four major fishes" and one of the important economic fishes in my country. Black carp is large, easy to feed, and grows fast, but fewer and fewer farmers are raising black carp. I personally feel that the prospects for black carp farming are still very broad. Affected by market inertia, people are not aware of the high returns it may bring. Today, let's talk about the common problems of black carp farming.

Pond Preparation

Generally, ponds that have been used for aquaculture for more than one year need to be dredged to reduce the pollution of bottom mud to the water body. Some ryegrass can also be planted as fish feed.

To clean the pond, we usually use quicklime, bleaching powder and tea dregs.

Pond cleaning with quicklime is generally divided into two types: dry pond cleaning and pond cleaning with water. For dry pond cleaning, the water is generally left to 5 to 10 centimeters, and 60 to 120 kilograms per mu are used. For pond cleaning with water, the water is left to a depth of one meter, and 125-400 kilograms per mu are used. Seedlings can be planted in 5-10 days.

If you want to clean and dry the pond, use 10-15 kg of bleach per mu, dissolve it in water and sprinkle it. If you want to bring water, use more, 50 catties per mu. You can put the bleach in a net bag, use a motorboat to drag it back and forth on the surface of the pond, and use the water flow to dissolve the bleach. Plant the seedlings in about 5 days.

To clean the pond with tea dregs, you need to crush the tea dregs and soak them in water. Use it every other day and pour them in with the dregs and water. Generally, 50 kg of water is used per mu for pond cleaning, and seedlings can be planted after 5-7 days.

2. Selecting fish fry

When selecting summer flowers, you should choose seedlings with consistent specifications, uniform and bright body color, and strong activity. When releasing the seedlings, pay attention to the water temperature difference and release the seedlings only after the water temperature remains consistent to avoid fish stress.

3. Mixed breeding

Polyculture can not only make full use of pond resources, but also avoid economic losses caused by the continued low price of one type of fish. Black carp is usually co-cultured with silver carp. Black carp is a bottom fish, while silver carp is a middle and upper layer fish. Polyculture of black carp and silver carp can make full use of pond resources.

4. Feeding

When feeding, we generally recommend feeding in the morning, noon and evening, half an hour each time. When you first start feeding, it is best to feed along the edge of the feed table, gradually narrow the range, and slowly form a feeding method with fixed time, fixed point, fixed quality and fixed quantity. Start feeding early and stop feeding late. Of course, these are all suggestions. Our breeding friends still need to feed according to the market conditions and their own economic strength. Breeding friends know that black carp likes to eat snails very much, so it is of course better to feed with them.

5. Disease prevention

Late May to late June and early September are the peak seasons for diseases. Disinfect regularly and take early prevention measures. Some hemorrhagic diseases caused by viruses are difficult to treat. I heard that the immunization effect of grass carp hemorrhagic disease vaccine is good. Friends who have this problem can try it.

The breeding of black carp takes about three years, which is a relatively long cycle. Although the total output is far less than that of grass carp, carp, etc., it has developed rapidly and the prospects for breeding are still very broad. Breeding friends should still consider their own situation.

Now is the Internet age, and good things also need to be promoted. If the publicity is not in place, it will also affect the income and sales. If the Internet can be used to broadcast the breeding environment live and conduct effective eating broadcast activities, the effect will be better, especially encouraging everyone to provide novel ways of eating and cooking, and offering rewards, which will quickly increase its popularity and sales.

In fact, this is largely determined by market demand. The consumer group of black carp is not large. On the one hand, it is because the size and weight of black carp are too large. In addition, many consumers give up the idea of ​​buying black carp because the price is too high, resulting in low sales of black carp. In addition, the breeding cycle of black carp is much longer, which is not cost-effective for farmers. Because the growth rate of black carp is very slow in the early stage, waiting for it to grow up means that more funds need to be invested, the time to pay back is extended, and the risk borne by farmers is higher. Due to the above reasons, there are not many farmers willing to breed black carp.

Because the growth cycle of black carp is long and the market demand is relatively small, these two reasons lead to high risks in black carp farming. Black carp is a carnivorous fish. Because of its small size, it cannot swallow large aquatic organisms within three years, and cannot even eat small fry, so it cannot grow quickly. It will only grow rapidly after three years and enter the market after five or six years. Such a long growth cycle is a great test for farmers.

Because the breeding cycle is too long, black carp can only be put on the market when it grows to a very large size, which means that fish farmers have to spend more time. Farmers are not very willing to raise fish with a too long payback cycle.