CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the living habits of mandarin fish?

1. Environment: Mandarin fish is a bottom fish that lives in still water or in rivers, lakes and reservoirs with a certain amount of flowing water, especially in shallow lakes with abundant aquatic plants. It usually lurks at the bottom of the water during the day and moves around to find food at night. It has the habit of digging holes to make nests and does not like to live in groups. The suitable water temperature for its life is 15-32℃. It does not move much and does not eat much when the water temperature is below 7℃.

2. Food habits: Mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous and ferocious fish, which feeds on small fish and shrimps throughout its life. Newly hatched mandarin fish fry can prey on other fish fry. A mandarin fish with a body length of 0.7 cm can prey on other fish with a body length of 0.35 cm. A mandarin fish with a body length of 31 cm can prey on crucian carp with a body length of 15 cm. It has a large appetite, and usually eats 10-15% of its own weight when full.

3. Growth: Mandarin fish grows slowly in rivers. In the Yangtze River basin, it has been measured that the average body length and weight of one-year-old fish is 17.5 cm and 119 g, two-year-old fish is 23.6 cm and 300 g, three-year-old fish is 32.8 cm and 812 g, and four-year-old fish is 42.5 cm and 1526 g.

4. Reproduction: Mandarin fish reproduces and lays eggs from mid-May to August every year, with June being the peak period. The suitable water temperature is 22-30℃. The eggs produced are drifting eggs that can adhere to aquatic plants. Males mature in one winter and females mature in two winters. It is a multiple spawning type.

Mandarin fish belongs to the family of Lophatherum in taxonomy and is one of my country's "four famous freshwater fishes". It has the characteristics of tender and delicious meat, few bones and more meat. It is rich in nutritional value and has high breeding value. It is indeed a top-quality fish with good breeding prospects. So what are the living habits of mandarin fish? Let's learn about it together.

Living habits of mandarin fish

1. Environment: Mandarin fish is a bottom fish that lives in still water or in rivers, lakes and reservoirs with a certain amount of flowing water, especially in shallow lakes with abundant aquatic plants. It usually lurks at the bottom of the water during the day and moves around to find food at night. It has the habit of digging holes to make nests and does not like to live in groups. The suitable water temperature for its life is 15-32℃. It does not move much and does not eat much when the water temperature is below 7℃.

2. Food habits: Mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous and ferocious fish, which feeds on small fish and shrimps throughout its life. Newly hatched mandarin fish fry can prey on other fish fry. A mandarin fish with a body length of 0.7 cm can prey on other fish with a body length of 0.35 cm. A mandarin fish with a body length of 31 cm can prey on crucian carp with a body length of 15 cm. It has a large appetite, and usually eats 10-15% of its own weight when full.

3. Growth: Mandarin fish grows slowly in rivers. In the Yangtze River basin, it has been measured that the average body length and weight of one-year-old fish is 17.5 cm and 119 g, two-year-old fish is 23.6 cm and 300 g, three-year-old fish is 32.8 cm and 812 g, and four-year-old fish is 42.5 cm and 1526 g.

4. Reproduction: Mandarin fish reproduces and lays eggs from mid-May to August every year, with June being the peak period. The suitable water temperature is 22-30℃. The eggs produced are drifting eggs that can adhere to aquatic plants. Males mature in one winter and females mature in two winters. It is a multiple spawning type.

Nutritional value of mandarin fish

1. Mandarin fish contains protein, fat, a small amount of vitamins, calcium, potassium, magnesium, selenium and other nutrients. The meat is tender and very easy to digest. For children, the elderly, the weak, and those with poor spleen and stomach digestion function, eating mandarin fish can not only replenish the body, but also do not have to worry about digestive difficulties.

2. Eating mandarin fish can cure tuberculosis, which means it is beneficial to the recovery of tuberculosis patients.

3. Mandarin fish meat has low calories and is rich in antioxidants. It is an excellent choice for women who love delicious food, want to beautify themselves but are afraid of obesity.

4. Mandarin fish is suitable for people with weak constitution, emaciation due to fatigue, weak spleen and stomach qi, poor appetite, and malnutrition. It is especially suitable for the elderly, the young, women, and those with weak spleen and stomach.

There are two ways to cultivate:

1. Cultivation in earthen ponds

The pond area is generally about 1 mu, the water depth is 2 meters, and about 10,000 3 cm summer mandarin fish are stocked per mu.

(1) Feeding cultivation method: Feeding bait fish according to the daily food intake (or the number of fish ingested per day) of mandarin fish. In this cultivation method, the density of summer mandarin fish can be higher, and generally 12,000 fish are released per mu. Before stocking, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected with quicklime, and a filter mesh should be set up when the water is entering to prevent ferocious fish from entering. When summer mandarin fish are just put into the pond, the water level is shallow, preferably 60 cm. As the individual fish grows, the water level gradually increases to about 1.5 meters. When feeding bait fish, regular positioning should be achieved. When the mandarin fish fry are 3-6 cm long, 4-8 bait fish are fed per day, and the body length of the bait fish does not exceed 55-60% of the body length of the mandarin fish; after 6 cm, 4-5 bait fish are fed per day, and their body length does not exceed 50-55% of the body length of the mandarin fish. Seven days after the pond is filled, spray the entire pond with 0.7 PPM of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) once to mainly prevent and control wheelworms and tricholoma.

(2) Intermediate breeding method: refers to the method of first cultivating suitable bait fish before stocking summer mandarin fish, and then stocking mandarin fish fry, so that mandarin fish and bait fish grow in the same pond. This breeding method generally stocks 8,000 to 10,000 3 cm mandarin fish per mu, and the stocking amount of bait fish is about 700,000 per mu, and the body length of bait fish is strictly controlled not to exceed 55-60% of the mandarin fish. This breeding method should pay attention to water quality management, with a water level of 60 cm at the initial stage of stocking, and water injection every 3 days after stocking, with a water injection volume of about 25 cm each time. Finally, the pond water is maintained at 1.5-1.8 meters. Disease prevention and control is the same as above.

2. Cage cultivation

The area of ​​the cage is 2-6 square meters, and its length, width and height are 2 meters × 1 meter × 1 meter or 2 meters × 2 meters × 1 meter or 3 meters × 2 meters × 1 meter. It is fixed with bamboo or wood in a pond with good water quality or an open pond. The cage mouth is 20-30 cm above the water surface. The cage material is a 40-mesh nylon mesh. The stocking density is generally 400-800 per square meter. After 7-15 days, it will be cultivated into a large-sized mandarin fish of 6-8 cm. In the cultivation management, it is necessary to wash and change the cage frequently to keep the water quality in the cage fresh and the dissolved oxygen sufficient. The method and quantity of feeding bait fish are the same as those of earth pond cultivation. Disease prevention can be carried out by immersion in 3PPM copper sulfate or 3% salt water. It should be immersed once every 2 days before 4.5 cm, and once every 3 days above 4.6 cm.

Whether cultivating mandarin fish in earthen ponds or cages, the following issues should be noted: (1) Mandarin fish summer flowers about 3 cm in length should be soaked in 3PPM copper sulfate or 3% salt water for 5-10 minutes. (2) Oxygenation equipment should be equipped during the cultivation process, and oxygen should be added immediately when floating heads are found. (3) Every morning and afternoon, the feeding, growth and growth of mandarin fish and the changes in bait fish should be checked regularly, and the number of bait fish and their specifications should be supplemented at any time.

3. Cultivation Technology

Mandarin fish adult farming is to raise 3 cm mandarin fish fry or 6-8 cm fish fingerlings into commercial fish weighing about 500 grams. This process takes about 180 days. The length of the breeding time depends on whether the bait fish is sufficient and palatable, whether the water quality is good, and whether the management is proper. At present, the main breeding methods include pond breeding, mixed breeding in adult fish ponds (small reservoirs), and cage breeding. 1. Pond breeding of mandarin fish

(1) Pond conditions: The pond should have a hard bottom, little silt, be close to a water source, be easy to drain and irrigate, and have no domestic or industrial sewage flowing in. The area of ​​a pond without bait fish should not be too large, generally 1-3 mu. Under the condition of a pond equipped with bait fish, the area should be 2-5 mu. Before stocking, the pond should be cleaned and disinfected by conventional methods to kill various disease organisms and pathogens. After filling the water, 1-2 days before the mandarin fish fry are planted in the pond, use 0.7PPM copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture (5:2) to spray the entire pond once to kill water parasites and improve the survival rate of mandarin fish (especially summer flowers).

(2) Disinfection of fish species and bait fish: The stocked mandarin fish species and temporary storage containers should be immersed in 3PPM copper sulfate solution, 3% salt water or 20PPM potassium permanganate solution for 5-10 minutes. The bait fish fed regularly should also be disinfected in this way to prevent pathogens from being brought into the breeding pond from the stocked fish species and bait fish.

(3) Stocking method: There are three commonly used stocking methods:

① Directly stock 3 cm mandarin fish fingerlings. The local mandarin fish summer flower is cultivated for one year and becomes a commercial fish. The Guangdong mandarin fish summer flower can be put on the market in the same year. The stocking density is about 2,000 per mu. The initial breeding method is the same as that of cultivating mandarin fish fingerlings in earthen ponds, and then feeding mainly with bait fish. This method is simple to work, saves labor and ponds, but due to the small size of the fish fingerlings, the survival rate is generally only 50%, and the control is poor.

② Stocking 6-8 cm large-sized mandarin fish fingerlings. This method is suitable for farmers with larger aquaculture scales, generally 1000-1200 fish per mu. The advantage is that the survival rate is high, generally 85-90%, and the production is highly controllable.

③ Release one-year-old mandarin fish fingerlings, with a size of 50-100 grams per fish, and release about 500 fish per mu. The stocking specifications are basically the same. About 200 silver carp and bighead carp, and about 200 old silver carp are raised per mu. It is not suitable to raise grass carp, black carp, carp, etc. Purchase small fish fingerlings in winter and temporarily raise them in ponds.

(4) Feeding method: The sources of feed fish for feeding mandarin fish include artificial breeding and wild fish collection. The requirements for bait fish are: 1. They must be alive; 2. They must be of a palatable size; 3. They must be free of hard spines; and 4. They must be supplied in a timely manner. The above requirements must be met as much as possible to achieve good results.

① As for the varieties of feed fish, any small fish, shrimp and loach without hard spines can be used as bait fish for mandarin fish. However, considering the source, economy and food preference, it is better to choose dace, crucian carp, silver carp and bream seedlings.

② The specifications of feed fish should be based on the different growth stages of mandarin fish.

Environment: Mandarin fish is a bottom fish that lives in still water or rivers, lakes and reservoirs with a certain amount of water flow, especially in shallow lakes with abundant aquatic plants. It usually lurks at the bottom of the water during the day and moves around to find food at night. It has the habit of making nests in burrows and does not like to live in groups. Its living environment is suitable for...

Diet: Mandarin fish is a typical carnivorous and ferocious fish, feeding on small fish and shrimps throughout its life.