CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What kind of feed is good for carp in autumn?

What kind of feed is good for carp in autumn?

Strictly speaking, carp can use CP28-CP32, depending on the size of the fish! Adding some bile acid to the feed can prevent some fish diseases and protect the health of the liver and gallbladder.

How to Farm Carp

Carp farming:

1. Selection and breeding of parent carp

1 Selection criteria: good body shape, strong activity and no injuries, body length to height ratio of 3:1, with typical breed characteristics. Female fish should be at least 2 winters old and weigh 1.5kg, and male fish should be 2 winters old and weigh more than 1kg. Carp in the initial sexual maturity and aging period have poor egg carrying capacity and egg quality, so they are not suitable for broodstock.

2. Gender identification

Non-reproductive season: The female fish has a broad body, high back, small head, large and soft abdomen, small and wide pectoral and pelvic fins, a flat or slightly protruding cloaca with radial folds; the male fish has a long and narrow body, a large head, a small and hard abdomen, large and long and pointed pectoral and pelvic fins, and a slightly concave anus without parallel wrinkles.

Reproductive season: The female fish has a soft, round sac-shaped belly, with a larger anus and genital opening that are slightly red and prominent; the male fish has a smaller belly, and the gill covers, pectoral and pelvic fins have obvious secondary sexual characteristics of "chasing stars". The anus and genital opening are concave and not red or swollen, and milky white semen will flow out if the abdomen is pressed lightly.

3. Feeding and management

(1) Breeding: The broodstock breeding pond is 1-2 mu, with a water depth of about 1.2 meters, sheltered from the wind and facing the sun, with convenient drainage and 150-200 kg per mu. During artificial breeding, males and females should be separated to prevent them from mating and spawning on their own. Disinfect with quicklime or bleaching powder before release.

(2) Management: Strengthen the cultivation of broodstock carp, and feed them high-protein feeds such as bean cakes, silkworm pupae, and fish meal. In recent years, some manufacturers have developed broodstock feeds that are rich in vitamins and other vitamins, which can promote development and improve stress resistance, with good results. At the same time, during the breeding process, pay attention to regulating the water quality, often add fresh water, and maintain micro-flowing water to stimulate the development of gonads.

2. Induction and incubation

1. Timing of inducing labor: When the water temperature rises and stabilizes above 16°C, labor can be induced. Usually, during the period from Qingming to Guyu, after the cold wave, when the temperature rises and stabilizes, labor can be induced.

2. Methods of inducing labor

(1) Natural spawning is a very common method because of its small investment and scale.

a Spawning pond: 0.5-1 mu in area, 1.2 meters deep, any pond with convenient drainage and filling. Fish can be released one week after disinfection with quicklime.

b. Artificial fish nest: used to attach fish eggs. Choose soft, tough, non-toxic, and non-perishable materials, such as pine branches, palm leaves, polyethylene sheets (woven bags), poplar roots, etc., and clean, tie, and disinfect (0.3‰ formaldehyde or malachite green) before use. Rice straw is not suitable for fish nests because it is easy to rot.

c Hatching pond: It can also be used as a fry breeding pond. It should be small (1-2 mu), with little silt, 1 meter deep and disinfected. The inlet and outlet should be filtered with dense mesh to prevent impurities from entering the pond and fry from escaping.

d. Pooling and spawning: Pool 35-30 groups of mature parent carp at a ratio of 1:1-1.5, and slowly add new water. At the same time, pull 1-8 thin wires on the water surface, and hang artificial fish nests on the wires (or break a bamboo into two and sandwich it in the middle and place it on the water surface). Usually, each group of parent fish should be equipped with 4-6 fish nests.

e Management: Generally, spawning occurs between 22:00 and 9:00 and lasts for 2-3 days. Therefore, the fish nests should be checked and cleaned every afternoon, and the fish nests with eggs should be moved to the hatching pond, and new fish nests should be added at the same time. If spawning is not good after merging the ponds, the water level can be lowered to allow sunlight to shine, more ve can be added to the feed, or micro-flow water can be used for stimulation. In order to ensure the uniformity of the fry, the eggs of the same day should be incubated together, which can also prevent the increase of blind eggs due to the adhesion of the eggs.

(2) Artificial induction of spawning: commonly seen in fish farms

A injection of oxytocin: 600-1000IU of artificial chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or 30-50 micrograms of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LRH-A) are used per kg of female fish, or they can be mixed and used in reduced doses. The dose for male fish is halved. Generally, it is injected into the chest cavity at the base of the pectoral fin at 6 pm on a sunny day according to the predetermined dose, and then moved to the spawning pool and filled with fresh water for half an hour. After 6-15 hours when the water temperature reaches 18℃, the fish can estrus and lay eggs (the higher the water temperature, the shorter the effect time, and vice versa).

b. Spawning and fertilization: After induced spawning, the broodstock can spawn in the pond by themselves, using the same method as (1). If artificial egg collection is required, the broodstock can be picked up before the climax of estrus, and the water from the fish body can be wiped off with a towel. The eggs can be squeezed into a dry porcelain basin, and semen can be quickly squeezed in. Stir with a feather to allow for full fertilization, and then the fertilized eggs can be evenly spread on the fish nest and placed in the hatching pond for incubation. Alternatively, the broodstock can be debonded with talcum powder solution and then hatched in running water. When the water temperature is 16-22℃, the fry will emerge in 3-5 days.

3 Management:

(1) Natural hatching: 300,000 to 500,000 fertilized eggs are placed in each acre of pond. Eggs of the same day should be placed together to ensure uniform size of the fry. Special attention should be paid to preventing Saprolegniasis. The fish nests with eggs can be pre-soaked with 0.3‰ formaldehyde or malachite green. (2) Debonding hatching: The key is to adjust the water flow rate so that the eggs do not sink but are suspended in the water. At the same time, the sand window should be prevented from being blocked. When the fry are hatched, the flow rate should be slightly reduced to prevent the water flow from being too fast and consuming the fry's physical strength.

Improving the hatching rate is the key to artificial breeding. The main reasons that affect the hatching rate are sudden weather changes during the spawning period, poor water quality, low dissolved oxygen, and fish eggs being parasitized by mold, etc. Efforts should be made to prevent these harms.

3. Seedling cultivation: divided into the cultivation of summer flowers and standard fish species.

1. Summer flower cultivation

1. Pond preparation: Select an area of ​​1-2 mu, with a water depth of 0.8-1.2 meters, less silt, and an east-west fish pond. Clean and disinfect it according to conventional methods.

2. Fertilization (also known as putting fertilizer water into the pond): 7-10 days before the fry are put into the pond, fermented manure can be applied, such as 150-300kg/mu (about 5 picks) of pig and cow manure, or 5-10kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, etc.), and quicklime disinfection (dosage 150kg/mu) can be carried out at the same time. A week later, the fry are put into the pond at the peak period of rotifers, and the fry have sufficient palatable bait and grow healthily.

3. Stocking: Before stocking the fry, use a fine mesh net to remove weeds. You can also stock 50 to 80 cheap silver carp fry to test the water. Once everything is safe, you can stock the fish, 100,000 to 250,000 per mu.

4. Put the fry into the pond with clear water: do not apply base fertilizer, but put the fry directly into the pond. This method is because there are less palatable bait rotifers in the water and there is not enough for the fry to eat, so the fry are weak and the survival rate is low.

5. Management:

(1) Timely feeding: After the fry enter the pond, they grow very fast in the first few days, and there is often a shortage of natural bait. Therefore, attention should be paid to feeding. Soybeans and cooked egg yolks are often used to make a paste and sprinkle it on the fish. Every day, 2-4 kg of soybeans and 3-5 cooked egg yolks are ground into a paste and immediately sprinkled on the fish, focusing on the water surface a few meters near the edge of the pond. You can also sprinkle filtered fresh pig blood every three days. Soybean milk can be directly consumed by the fry, and it can also improve the water quality and enrich the natural bait. At present, there is also fish fry feed circulating on the market, which is in the form of microcapsules or powder. It can be fed from 6 to 8 minutes. It can not only supplement the food, but also induce the fry to scramble for food, thereby promoting the development of the digestive tract, which is beneficial to improving the survival rate and strengthening the fry.

(2) Topdressing and water management: Topdressing is done every three days to keep the rotifers in the water at a high level. You can also draw some water from the fatter adult fish pond and add it to the fry pond every day to provide natural bait for the fry and prevent the occurrence of bubble disease caused by adding too much water from the well. 1/3-1/2 of the water should be changed every week.

(3) Careful observation: During the fry cultivation process, inspections should be strengthened. Observe their activities, feeding, growth, changes in water quality, and the presence of predators, diseases, etc. At the same time, the fry should be divided into ponds in a timely manner to prevent overcrowding resulting in uneven sizes. If necessary, it is necessary to use nets to exercise the fry to enhance their endurance.

(II) Cultivation of standard fish species:

After summer flower cultivation, the length and weight of the fry increase many times, and their adaptability also increases a lot. The change in their feeding habits has the characteristics of the species and they begin to like fine feed, so they should be smoothly transitioned to eating compound feed as soon as possible.

1. Single culture method: select a disinfected pond of 2-4 mu with a water depth of 1-1.5 mu, put 3000-6000 summer flower fish fingerlings per mu, feed compound feed or a mixture of bean cake, silkworm pupae and fish meal, the protein content of which should be more than 35%, feed 8-12 times a day, and the feeding rate should be 5-8%.

2. Mixed culture method: Mix carp with other fish species, carp can be the main or supplementary. If carp is the main species, feed should be increased. If silver carp is the main species, water quality can be properly cultivated. If grass carp is the main species, carp should be put in less.

3. Feeding and management:

(1) The earlier the fry start to eat, the earlier they start to grow and the better they will grow. We should strive to make a smooth transition to feeding with complete formula feed as early as possible.

(2) Pay close attention to the early stages of the growth of the most edible fish (especially from the age of one inch to 25-30). Their length and weight increase rapidly and they require more feed. At this time, feeding should be increased. Some fishermen feed more than 10% of the fish during this period.

(3) Feeding should be based on the “four rules” of fixed quality, fixed time, fixed location and fixed quantity, and the fish should be fed according to their feeding rhythm.

(4) Daily management involves "three inspections and four checks" in the morning, noon and evening to understand the climate, fish conditions and disease conditions to maintain rapid fish growth. At the same time, water should be added regularly and flood prevention and escape prevention measures should be taken.

4. Fish breeding:

Carp is widely distributed and can be farmed in many ways, such as ponds, cages, flowing water, fences, rice fields, and mountain ponds. Pond farming is introduced here, and readers are advised to refer to relevant books for other farming methods.

There is no limit to the size of the fish pond, but the bait coefficient of a large pond will be higher. The water depth is 1.2-1.5 meters. Carp of different sizes can also be released in stages and batches to facilitate rotation of capture and release.

This model mainly feeds compound feed, with crude protein of more than 30%, 4-6 times/day, and feeding rate of 3-8%. In addition to the traditional eight-character essence of "water, seeds, bait, density, mixing, rotation, prevention, and management", the management points also include the new "cross" principle: good seeds, fine feed, good water, and fine management. Although the first six characters of the new "cross" principle are similar to the old "eight-character" experience, the new era should include new content, either strengthening or supplementing. Here, the emphasis is on fine management, which requires that the feeding and management personnel should not neglect any link. Even if it is a penny of investment, its output must be calculated. Only in this way can high efficiency be guaranteed.