CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Detailed process of rice production

Land preparation: Before planting rice, the soil in the paddy field must be turned over to make it soft. This process is divided into three stages: rough tillage, fine tillage and covering. In the past, animal power and plows, mainly buffaloes, were used to prepare the land, but nowadays machines are mostly used for land preparation.

Seedling cultivation: Farmers first cultivate rice seedlings in a field, which is often called a rice field. After sowing the rice seeds, farmers usually sprinkle a layer of rice husk ash on the soil. Nowadays, specialized seedling centers use seedling boxes to grow rice seedlings. Good rice seedlings are the key to successful rice farming. When the seedlings grow to about eight centimeters tall, they can be transplanted.

Transplanting: The rice seedlings are carefully planted in the rice field, with orderly spacing. The traditional rice seedling transplanting method uses a rice seedling rope, rice seedling marker or rice seedling wheel to mark the rice field. When transplanting rice seedlings manually, a rice seedling separator is worn on the thumb of the left hand to help farmers separate the rice seedlings and plant them in the soil. The climate for transplanting rice seedlings is very important, as heavy rain will damage the rice seedlings.

Additional information:

When rice leaves are young, they are very similar to weeds, with a long and flat appearance. Farmers often rely on the special auricles and ligules of rice leaves to distinguish them. Auricles are ear-like things growing at both ends of the leaf ring of rice leaves, and ligules are thin membranes growing inside the leaf ring of rice leaves. The veins of rice leaves are parallel, with a very obvious midrib in the center, which is green. There are sometimes purple pigments in the midrib, edges or tips.

The roots of rice are whisker-like, short and numerous. As the rice grows, their number will increase, and small branches will continue to grow beside the rice plants.

After rice becomes a rice ear, one rice ear will have about 200 to 300 rice flowers, and one rice flower will form a rice grain. Rice flowers have no petals, and it is difficult to see the stamens and pistils, which are protected by the inner and outer lemmas of the rice flower. When rice self-pollinates, the anthers on the stamens will break, and the pollen is very small and will float away with the wind. The swaying of the rice will fall on the female pollen next door.

The rice buds combine with the ovules in the female ovary to develop into embryos, which are the main source of food and nutrition for humans. Near the embryos, there is also a pulpy endosperm that will continue to increase, making the ovary gradually enlarged. In appearance, you will see fine hairs on the green rice grains.

Relative humidity is preferably 50-90%. The key period of fruiting is from ear differentiation to peak filling. A balanced nutritional status and high light efficiency group are of great significance to improving fruiting rate and grain weight. A large amount of water and mineral nutrition are needed during heading and fruiting period. At the same time, root vitality needs to be enhanced and the functional period of stems and leaves needs to be extended. About 500-800 kg of water is required to form 1 kg of rice.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia - Rice

The manual rice production process is as follows:

1. Land preparation

Before planting rice, the soil in the paddy field must be turned over to make it soft. This process is divided into three stages: rough tillage, fine tillage and covering. In the past, animal power and plows were used, mainly buffaloes, to prepare the land for plowing, but nowadays machines are mostly used for land preparation.

2. Seedling cultivation

Farmers first cultivate rice seedlings in a field, which is often called a rice field. After sowing the rice seeds, farmers usually sprinkle a layer of rice husk ash on the soil. Nowadays, specialized seedling centers use seedling boxes to grow rice seedlings. Good rice seedlings are the key to successful rice farming. When the seedlings grow to about eight centimeters tall, they can be transplanted.

3. Transplanting

The rice seedlings are carefully planted in the rice fields, with orderly spacing. The traditional rice seedling transplanting method uses rice seedling ropes, rice seedling markers or rice seedling wheels to mark the rice fields. When transplanting rice seedlings manually, a rice seedling separator is worn on the thumb of the left hand to help farmers separate the rice seedlings and plant them in the soil. The climate for transplanting rice seedlings is very important, as heavy rain will damage the rice seedlings.

Nowadays, rice seedlings are often transplanted by rice transplanters, but in rice fields with large undulations and non-square shapes, manual transplanting is still required. The seedlings usually run north-south. There is also a more convenient method of throwing seedlings.

4. Weed and Pest Control

When the seedlings grow, they need to be cared for constantly, weeds must be pulled out, and sometimes pesticides are needed to eliminate pests (such as golden apple snails).

5. Fertilization

When the seedlings grow taller and produce the first rice stem node, it is called the Y-stage. Fertilizer is often needed during this period to allow the rice seedlings to grow healthily and promote the fullness and quantity of rice ears in the future.

6. Irrigation and drainage

Rice is more dependent on this procedure. Upland rice is grown in dry fields, and the irrigation and drainage processes are different, but generally it is necessary to increase water irrigation after transplanting, when the young ears are formed, and during the heading and flowering stages.

7. Harvest

When the rice ears hang down and are golden and full, we can start harvesting. In the past, farmers cut the rice ears one by one with sickles, tied them up, and used threshers to separate the rice ears. Modern harvesters have harvesters that roll the rice ears in and directly separate them from the rice stalks, and each rice ear becomes rice grain.

8. Drying and screening

The harvested rice needs to be dried. In the past, it was mostly dried in the front yard of the Sanheyuan. The rice needed to be turned over from time to time to dry. Screening is to remove impurities such as shriveled rice, use an electric rice sorting machine, windmill or manual shaking to automatically select the full and heavy rice using wind power.

Additional information:

Fertilization precautions:

Generally, fertilization in the rice field is divided into three stages: early, middle, and late. The early stage refers to the period from transplanting to the end of rice division, which is the vegetative growth stage of rice. The goal at this time is to promote effective rice division and strive for more ears.

The middle stage refers to the period when rice has entered the reproductive growth stage (pollen formation period). At this time, the goal is to grow strong stalks and large ears, but not too much fertilizer. The late stage refers to the period from heading to maturity of rice. At this time, the goal is to produce more grains and full grains. It is necessary to ensure that the rice does not lack fertilizer, but also not to be greedy and mature late.

The above fertilization methods for the three rice stages actually refer to the principles, theories and goals of fertilization. In practice, they must be determined according to specific conditions, that is, the amount of fertilizer to be applied must be determined according to different soils and different rice varieties. In other words, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions and master them flexibly. Specifically, it depends on whether the soil is fertile or thin, and whether the soil texture is sandy or rough.

If the soil is both fertile and sandy, the amount of fertilizer should be reduced; if the soil is strong but thin, the amount of fertilizer should be increased. This is called fertilizing according to the soil. In addition, we should also pay attention to fertilizing the seedlings. If the seedlings are strong, less fertilizer should be applied; if the seedlings are thin, more fertilizer should be applied. This is why there is a range in the amount of fertilizer below.

Reference source: Baidu Encyclopedia - Rice

Rice production details:

Before planting rice, the soil in the paddy field must be turned over to make it soft. This process is divided into three stages: rough tillage, fine tillage and covering. In the past, animal power and plows, mainly buffaloes, were used to prepare the land for plowing, but now machines are mostly used for land preparation.

Seedling cultivation

Farmers first cultivate rice seedlings in a field, which is often called a rice field. After sowing the rice seeds, farmers usually sprinkle a layer of rice husk ash on the soil. Nowadays, specialized seedling centers use seedling boxes to grow rice seedlings. Good rice seedlings are the key to successful rice farming. When the seedlings grow to about eight centimeters tall, they can be transplanted.

Rice Planting

The rice seedlings are carefully planted in the rice fields, with orderly spacing. The traditional rice seedling transplanting method uses rice seedling ropes, rice seedling markers or rice seedling wheels to mark the rice fields. When transplanting rice seedlings manually, a rice seedling separator is worn on the thumb of the left hand to help farmers separate the rice seedlings and plant them in the soil. The climate for transplanting rice seedlings is very important, as heavy rain will damage the rice seedlings. Nowadays, rice seedling transplanters are often used for transplanting rice seedlings, but manual transplanting is still required in rice fields with large undulations and non-square shapes. The rice seedlings generally run north-south. There is also a more convenient method of throwing rice seedlings.

Weed and insect control

When the seedlings grow, they need to be cared for constantly, weeds must be pulled out, and sometimes pesticides are needed to eliminate pests (such as golden apple snails).

Fertilization

When the seedlings grow taller and produce the first rice stem node, it is called the Y-stage. Fertilizer is often needed during this period to allow the rice seedlings to grow healthily and promote the fullness and quantity of rice ears in the future.

Irrigation and drainage

Rice is more dependent on this procedure. Upland rice is grown in dry fields, and the irrigation and drainage process is different, but generally it is necessary to increase water irrigation after transplanting, when the young ears are formed, and during the heading and flowering stages.

harvest

When the rice ears hang down and are golden and full, it is time to start harvesting. In the past, farmers cut them one bunch at a time with sickles, tied them up, and used threshers to separate the rice ears. Nowadays, there are harvesters that roll the rice ears in and directly separate them from the rice stalks. Grains of rice become rice grains.

The rice processing production line process is divided into 3 stages:

Rice cleaning section, rice husking and rice separation section, rice milling and finished product finishing section. Each section is equipped with dust removal and by-product collection and treatment.

The process flow of the rice cleaning section is: rice → initial cleaning → removal of impurities (sand, metal and barnyard grass, etc.) → clean rice.

The process flow of the rice husking and rice separation section is: cleaning rice → rice husking → rice husk separation → rice and rice husk separation → cleaning rice and rice husk.

The process flow of rice milling and finished product finishing is: cleaning rough rice → first whitening → second fine milling → grading → cooling rice → white rice grading → polishing → white rice grading → second polishing → drum selection → color selection → rice blending → metering and packaging → finished product storage.

There are too many to list. There are two parts: seedling raising and field management. Seedling raising includes variety selection, seed soaking, blowing, seedbed arrangement, sowing, and many more.