CATDOLL : CATDOLL: The shrimp body turns red after the shrimp thread is processed

The shrimp body turns red after processing the shrimp thread

The red body of shrimp is caused by insufficient nutrition and lack of awareness of water adjustment. It is wrong to adjust water every 10 days to half a month. In fact, good water should be adjusted every 5 days to ensure the balance of the water system. In the case of sudden weather changes, organic acid and VC should be used to sprinkle water before and after the rain, and authentic enzyme bacteria should be used to mix feed and feed. The rainwater from the sky should be used every time the shrimp grows, just like adding water. In the Pearl River Delta, more than 80% of farmers like this are successful. The above effects can only be achieved with authentic enzyme bacteria technology.

Enzyme technology is a biological engineering project, and its products can produce a variety of beneficial microbial groups that catalyze the decomposition of acids. As an evolutionary biological technology crystallization, it brings new hope for the sustainable development of agriculture. This technology can not only effectively solve the problems of fertilizer pollution, pesticide pollution, soil compaction, and environmental pollution in agricultural production. Moreover, the fertilizer produced by this technology is the best biological fertilizer for producing green and pollution-free agricultural and sideline products that urban and rural people can eat safely. This will be a major revolution in promoting the transformation of traditional agriculture to modern ecological agriculture.

The red bodies of shrimps are caused by lack of nutrition and lack of awareness of water adjustment in a timely manner. The traditional water adjustment is generally once every 10 days to half a month, which is a mistake. In fact, good water should be adjusted once every 5 days to ensure the balance of the water system. In the case of sudden changes in weather, organic acid and VC should be used to sprinkle water before and after the rain, and authentic enzyme bacteria should be used to mix the feed and feed. As long as the rainwater from the sky is utilized every time it falls, the shrimp grows once, just like adding water. (In the Pearl River Delta, more than 80% of farmers like this are successful) Note that authentic enzyme bacteria technology must be used to achieve the above effects.

What is the proportion of protease-producing bacteria in animal intestines?

The intestine is an important digestive and absorptive organ for aquatic animals. Cultivating a healthy digestive tract has a vital impact on the health and growth of aquatic animals.

1. Differences between the digestive systems of aquatic animals and terrestrial animals

Compared with terrestrial animals, aquatic animals have short and simple digestive organs, poor digestive enzyme activity, and food stays in the intestines for a shorter time than livestock and poultry. The ratio of digestive tract to body length is 14 for pigs, 10 for chickens, 25 for cattle, 27 for sheep, 6 for silver carp, 3 for grass carp, 2.5 for carp, and 0.85 for shrimp. Except for a few carnivorous fish that have stomachs, carp fish have no stomachs. Therefore, compared with terrestrial animals, the intestines of many aquatic animals have the dual functions of both digestion and absorption. Since the digestive tract of aquatic animals is always connected to the external environment and there is no stable internal environment, it is particularly important to maintain the stability of the intestinal flora of aquatic animals.

The intestinal tract of aquatic animals is composed of the intestinal wall and intestinal bacteria. The intestinal wall is divided into the mucosal layer, submucosa, muscular layer and serosal layer. The mucosal layer and mucus are mostly adsorption sites for digestive tract flora.

The intestinal flora of aquatic animals is mainly composed of anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobic bacteria and aerobic bacteria, which can be divided into three parts:

1) The obligate anaerobic bacteria in the innermost layer close to the intestinal wall are the dominant flora in the intestine and have a symbiotic relationship with the host, such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, which have nutritional and immune regulatory effects;

2) The facultative anaerobic bacteria in the middle layer are mostly conditional pathogens that coexist with the host and are non-dominant intestinal flora, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus. Generally, these bacteria are harmless when the host's intestinal microecology is balanced, but they can be invasive under certain conditions, endangering the host's health and causing disease;

3) The outermost aerobic bacteria are mostly transient bacteria that swim in the intestinal cavity. Among them, the innermost biofilm composed of anaerobic bacteria and intestinal mucosal layer forms a non-specific biological protective film, which is the first barrier to inhibit pathogens from colonizing in the intestine and maintain the normal microbial balance of the intestine.

2. Composition and quantity of intestinal flora of aquatic animals

The normal dominant flora in the intestines of aquatic animals is more than 99% anaerobic bacteria, and aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria account for about 1%. Studies have shown that the total number of aerobic bacteria in the intestinal wall of different fishes varies greatly (for example, the total number of aerobic bacteria in the intestinal wall of silver carp is 37 times that of the intestinal wall of crucian carp), while the total number of anaerobic bacteria is not much different (the largest number in the black snakehead is only 1.7 times that of the smallest number in the bream).

This may be because anaerobic bacteria and the intestinal wall are essential components of the intestinal wall, so the content is stable; while aerobic bacteria can float freely in the middle of the intestinal cavity, so the random fluctuations in the intestinal wall are very large. The number of intestinal flora has a phenomenon of gradually increasing from the foregut to the hindgut. This may be because the intestinal contents are pushed from front to back, or it may be that the intestinal contents and environment of the hindgut are more conducive to the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

Studies have shown that the number of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in the intestines of white shrimp reaches 10 million to 100 million/g. This shows that in the same intestinal segment, the total number of anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal flora of aquatic animals is much greater than the total number of aerobic bacteria, generally 2 to 3 orders of magnitude different. Moreover, lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria are the dominant flora resident in the intestinal wall of aquatic animals. Studies have shown that maintaining the dominant position of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria in the intestines of aquatic animals is closely related to the nutrition and immunity of aquatic animals.

The intestinal flora of aquatic animals is easily affected by the water environment and bait, and most bacteria cannot colonize in the digestive tract (non-resident bacteria). When aquatic animals are in a healthy state, the internal and external environment will form a relatively stable dynamic balance between microbial flora; when there is a stress state such as a change in bait or environment, the original microbial flora balance is impacted, the host's normal defense system is broken, and some conditional pathogens will transfer, colonize and invade other tissues and organs, leading to the outbreak of bacterial diseases. When animals are sick, the ratio of anaerobic bacteria to aerobic bacteria in the intestine will decrease significantly.

3. The role of intestinal flora

Since the digestive tract of aquatic animals is simple in structure and the intestines have the dual functions of nutrition and absorption, the intestines have an important impact on the growth and health of aquatic animals. Rawles et al. believe that microbial flora plays an important role in fish and shrimp, and can positively or negatively regulate the expression of genes related to nutrition and immunity. Studies on germ-free animals have shown that when intestinal bacteria are lacking, the intestinal immune system is underdeveloped and the intestinal morphology is destroyed.

When germ-free animals are switched to conventional feeding or feeding probiotics, their intestinal morphology and immune system develop rapidly and begin to produce a large number of different antibody phenotypes, including specific antibodies against intestinal bacteria. Wang Shirong et al.'s research shows that when germ-free mice are fed with enteritidis Salmonella, only 10 live bacteria are needed to kill them within 5 to 8 days, while ordinary mice need 1 million live bacteria to kill them. This shows that normal flora can stimulate the body's healthy immune system, stimulate the phagocytic activity of phagocytes, increase immunoglobulin levels, and even enhance the body's ability to resist infection.

Therefore, the large number of microbial flora in the intestines of aquatic animals is the result of long-term evolution of animals, and they are closely related to the body's immune function and nutritional needs. The functions of healthy aquatic animal intestinal flora are mainly reflected in the following three aspects: 1) providing a barrier effect; 2) promoting nutrient absorption; 3) improving immune function.