CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What principles should be followed in fertilizing shrimp farming? How to apply fertilizer?

Applying fertilizer to water bodies is a key measure in shrimp farming management.

(1) Basic principles of shrimp pond fertilization The water quality of shrimp ponds must be both fertile and active, which is the key to whether shrimp farming can achieve high yields. Fertilizers mainly affect the growth of freshwater shrimp by affecting water quality and the growth of plankton. At the same time, fertilization promotes the growth of algae and increases the dissolved oxygen content of the water through the photosynthesis of phytoplankton. The basic principle of shrimp pond fertilization is "fertilize at both ends and clean in the middle." "Fertilize at both ends" refers to the period from shrimp fry to young shrimp and late autumn, when fertilization is used to meet the nutritional needs of shrimp; "clean in the middle" refers to the high temperature period from August to September, when the water quality must be clean to prevent hypoxia.

(2) Types of commonly used fertilizers Fertilizers commonly used in shrimp farming are mainly divided into organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers. Commonly used organic fertilizers are mostly fully decomposed and fermented organic livestock and poultry manure. Organic fertilizers can be used as base fertilizers or topdressing fertilizers. The main chemical fertilizers used are nitrogen fertilizers (urea, ammonia water, ammonium sulfate), phosphorus fertilizers (superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer), and calcium fertilizers (quicklime, slaked lime, etc.). Inorganic fertilizers are quick-acting fertilizers with relatively simple fertilizer components. They can be directly used by phytoplankton to meet the needs of pond organisms for nutrients. If applied properly, the farming effect is obvious.

(3) Application method of basal fertilizer in shrimp ponds: The basal fertilizer has a long-lasting and stable effect. It is better to use decomposed and fermented organic fertilizer, and pile it up at 200-300 kg per mu. Turn the fertilizer water regularly to cultivate a large number of palatable shrimp baits such as red worms. Early and timely fertilization of water quality can also prevent the growth of moss and blue algae.

(4) Topdressing methods for shrimp ponds Topdressing is generally done with decomposed organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, which can directly promote the growth of phytoplankton and avoid excessive organic matter in the water. Maintaining a certain number of phytoplankton populations can increase dissolved oxygen and absorb ammonia nitrogen through photosynthesis to reduce harm to freshwater shrimp. The frequency and amount of fertilization should be flexibly controlled according to factors such as the degree of fatness of the pond water, the growth stage of freshwater shrimp and weather. Adhere to the principle of "frequent fertilization and small amount of fertilization". Generally, after March, when the temperature is above 15℃, choose sunny days to fertilize, and 12:00-14:00 every day is the appropriate time for fertilization. Fertilization should not be done on rainy days, cloudy days or hot and humid weather.

This article is from: China Agricultural Press "Encyclopedia of Animals and Plants"