CATDOLL : CATDOLL: When raising black carp, is it better to feed it with pelleted feed or extruded feed?

1. When raising black carp, is it better to feed it with granular feed or extruded feed?

At present, the commonly used herring feed is a pelleted sinking feed, which has the disadvantages of large feed dispersion, low utilization rate, and difficulty in observing the feeding situation of fish and determining the appropriate feeding amount. The floating expanded feed produced by extrusion puffing technology can overcome the above disadvantages, and has the advantages of good palatability, good health, easy absorption, and improved feed utilization rate. It is the development direction of aquatic feed.

Compared with the pelleting process, the compound feed produced by the puffing process can gelatinize starch, denature protein, and lyse fat cells in the feed, which is beneficial to the action of digestive enzymes, thereby improving the digestion and absorption of nutrients, increasing the growth rate of black carp, and reducing the feed coefficient. Although the additional process of making puffed feed increases the processing cost of feed, overall, due to the increase in fish weight gain, the improvement in quality and the reduction in feed coefficient, the feed cost required to produce the same amount of fish is lower than that of pellet feed, which has better economic benefits.

This article is from: China Agricultural Press "Encyclopedia of Animals and Plants"

2. What kind of feed is needed to raise black carp?

Choose artificial compound feed with a crude protein content of more than 30%, with a feed particle diameter of 4 mm and a length of 1.5 to 2 times the particle diameter. A feeding platform extending 3 to 4 meters to the center of the pond can be built with wood or bamboo boards, so that the black carp can be tamed to float up in groups to grab food, and gradually gather at the feeding platform for fixed-point feeding with a feeding machine. The daily feeding rate can be 1.5% in March, 2.0% in April, 3.0% in May, 4.5% in June, 5.5% in July, 6.5% in August, 5.0% in September, 3.0% in October, and 2.0% in November, and can be flexibly controlled according to water temperature, water quality, fish diseases, and fish eating activities. Feed 3 to 4 times a day.

1. The source of broodstock for black carp farming is natural seedlings in river basins or seedlings produced by national original seed farms, or adult black carps collected from natural seed resource banks, or rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other natural waters that have not been artificially stocked, and then cultivated as broodstock. The offspring of inbreeding cannot be used as the source of broodstock.

2. For the breeding of black carp, the broodstock should be over 6 years old and weigh more than 15 kg. The broodstock should be stocked at a male-female ratio of 1:1.5, and about 10 black carps weighing 15-20 kg should be stocked per mu. The bottom of the broodstock pond should be flat, preferably sandy loam, and the water should be kept fresh. Snails, clams, and mussel meat should be fed as the main food, supplemented with a small amount of bean cake and malt. New water should be added and flushed regularly. Generally, the water should be flushed once a month in winter and the water depth should be kept above 2 meters. After the beginning of spring, the water level should be lowered to increase the water temperature of the pond. The pond should be flushed once a week. The flushing frequency should be increased from mid-April to once every 2-3 days to promote the maturation of gonads.

3. The length of the effect time varies with the water temperature. According to observation, the effect time is 6 to 7 hours when the water temperature is 26 to 28 degrees. When the broodstock is in estrus at the scheduled time and combined with the actual estrus conditions, the broodstock are caught for artificial insemination. When insemination, pay attention to the light and fast movements. When the sperm and eggs are mixed, add 0.6% physiological saline appropriately to extend the insemination time. At the same time, avoid direct sunlight and rain splashing during insemination to improve the fertilization rate. The normal fertilization rate is more than 90%.

4. In black carp breeding, the fertilized eggs after absorbing water are placed in the hatching ring or hatching tank for hatching. The water flow rate should be enough to make the fertilized eggs roll up. The hatching water should be separated into inlet and outlet and should not be recycled. After the fry emerge from the membrane, the water flow should be increased appropriately to prevent the fry from sinking and suffocating to death. After the fish hatching for 24 hours, the water flow should be reduced appropriately to avoid excessive water flow consuming the fry's physical strength.

3. The most effective bait for fishing herring

The most effective baits for fishing herring are as follows:

Snails, crops, pellet feed.

Snail

Black carp prefers meaty baits such as snail meat and earthworms, and using snails to catch black carp is the best choice. When using snails to catch black carp, you can directly hang the whole snail on the hook and fish, and the throat bone of the black carp can directly bite the snail. If the black carp is not biting well, you can chop the snail meat into pieces, mix it with sweet potato puree, and knead it into a ball to hook the black carp. In addition, some anglers are used to using small medicines to catch snails, but this is not necessary when fishing for black carp in the wild.

crop

Black carp prefers to eat meat bait, but it also eats vegetarian bait such as fruits of crops. If there are crops near the reservoir or black pit pond, the fruits and seeds of the crops will be blown into the water by the wind, and the black carp will also eat them. In the long run, the black carp in the nearby waters will gradually develop the habit of eating the seeds and fruits of crops. Therefore, it is better to use crops such as corn and wheat to catch black carp in these waters. If the area of ​​these waters is relatively large, anglers should soak the bait with small medicines in advance to increase the taste.

Pellet feed

Some black pits often use pellet feed to feed black carp. If anglers fish for black carp in such black pits, they can try to use pellet feed. Because the black carp here have already developed the habit of eating pellet feed, using pellet feed may have a better catch rate. Of course, anglers can also use commercial baits on the market, but it is recommended that anglers use the method of dipping hemp balls to fish for black carp, which will have a better effect.

4. Which brand of extruded fish feed is good?

Aquatic feeds from brands like Zhengda and Wanghai are pretty good. They are all extruded feeds with good palatability.

5. What are the advantages of extruded floating fish feed?

1. Characteristics of extruded floating fish feed

Easy feeding management

Aquatic extruded feed can be suspended on the water surface for a long time. There is no need to set up a feeding platform when feeding. It can be fed at a fixed point. Fish need to float on the water surface when feeding, so you can directly observe the fish's eating situation, adjust the feeding amount in time, and understand the fish's growth and health status in time. Therefore, the use of aquatic extruded feed is conducive to scientific feeding management, which can save a lot of time and improve labor productivity.

Farmers can calculate the amount of feed to be fed according to the species, specifications, quantity, water temperature and feeding rate of the fish being farmed, and feed them quickly, which not only saves a lot of time but also improves labor productivity.

Reduce the occurrence of diseases

Feed raw materials often contain harmful microorganisms, such as aerobic organisms, neutrophilic bacteria, Escherichia coli, mold, Salmonella, etc., and the content of these microorganisms in animal feed raw materials is relatively high. However, the high temperature, high humidity and high pressure of puffing can kill most of the harmful microorganisms.

Data show that there are 10,000 E. coli in every gram of raw material, but only less than 10 remain after puffing. Salmonella can be basically killed after high-temperature puffing above 85 degrees, which helps to maintain water quality and reduce adverse environmental factors in aquaculture. At the same time, it reaches 0.4, which is equivalent to a moisture content of 8%-10%, which better improves the storage stability of the feed.

2. Comparison of the utilization rate of expanded floating materials with that of powdered materials and granular materials

Extruded floating fish feed is beneficial to improve feed utilization. Due to the high temperature and high pressure processing conditions, the starch in the feed is ripened, the fat is more conducive to digestion and absorption, and the fiber structure and cell wall are destroyed and softened, and harmful substances such as cotton phenol in cottonseed meal and antitrypsin in soybeans are destroyed, thereby improving the palatability and digestion and absorption rate of the feed.

In addition, due to the physical and chemical changes of the puffing process, the powder content of puffed feed is generally less than 1%, which directly improves the effective utilization of feed.

Under normal circumstances, using expanded floating feed to raise fish can save 5-10% of feed compared to using powdered feed or other granular feed.

3. The influence of expanded floating materials on water quality

The use of expanded floating fish feed can reduce water pollution. Expanded floating fish feed will not dissolve in water for a long time. High-quality floating fish feed can float for up to 12 hours. It is easy to observe and control the feeding, reducing or avoiding the pollution of water bodies by powder, residual bait, etc. This is extremely beneficial to environmental protection and fish growth.

4. The prospect of expanded floating materials

Extruded floating fish feed has a wide range of application prospects. In terms of breeding methods, extruded floating fish feed has a wide range of applicability. Floating fish feed can be used in pond fish farming, rice field fish farming, flowing water fish farming, cage fish farming, factory fish farming, and large water surface intensive farming. Especially for mountain pond fish farming with low breeding density, rice field fish farming, and large water surface intensive farming, using floating fish feed is more advantageous than using other feeds.

In terms of farmed species, both freshwater and marine fish, except for a few benthic fish that are extremely difficult to tame to feed on the water surface, can feed on floating fish feed very well, such as sea bass, snakehead fish, ornamental fish, American frog, turtle, tortoise, forktail catfish and other famous and special species as well as conventionally farmed grass carp, carp, crucian carp and other species.

For species with special physiological functions such as frogs and sea bass, breeding with floating feed is more convenient and can better demonstrate its superiority.

According to different species and different growth and development stages, we produce extruded floating fish feeds that are suitable for their caliber and nutritional needs, which can well meet the feed needs of conventional aquaculture and special aquaculture, which is convenient for aquaculture producers and promotes the development of production.

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