CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Why are there earthworms everywhere even when it's not raining?

1. Why are there earthworms everywhere even when it’s not raining?

Earthworms breathe through their skin. Before it rains, the air is relatively humid, and earthworms can sense this change. Through years of inheritance, earthworms know that it is about to rain, so they crawl out of the ground.

2. Are there earthworms in the bathroom when it rains on a high floor?

Earthworms will come out of the soil before it rains (especially in summer). It's a good thing to have earthworms in the flowerpots in your bathroom: they loosen the soil and produce fertilizer, purely naturally.

3. Organisms can both adapt to the environment and influence it. Which of the following can explain that organisms influence the environment? ( ) A. After a heavy rain in summer, earthworms often crawl out of the water.

Organisms must adapt to the environment to survive. For example, if you plant trees in the desert, you must plant drought-resistant sea buckthorn to make them survive easily. If you plant water lilies that require more water, it will be difficult for them to survive. Organisms can also affect the environment, such as earthworms improving the soil, ant holes destroying a thousand-mile embankment, and the transpiration of plants can increase air humidity.

A. After a heavy rain in summer, earthworms often crawl out of the ground to breathe, which reflects the influence of non-biological factors such as water on organisms. Therefore, this option does not meet the requirements of the question.

B. It is cool under a big tree. The transpiration of the big tree can increase the humidity of the atmosphere and reduce the temperature. At the same time, the big tree provides shade, which can also reduce the temperature. The big tree can also release oxygen through photosynthesis, so there is more oxygen under the tree. Therefore, the air under the big tree is cool, moist, and fresh, which reflects the influence of organisms on the environment. Therefore, this option meets the meaning of the question.

C. The leaves of cacti in the desert degenerate into thorns, which can reduce transpiration and water loss, and adapt to the dry and water-scarce desert environment. Therefore, this option does not meet the requirements of the question.

D. Sunflowers face the sun, which shows that organisms can respond to external stimuli. Therefore, this option does not meet the requirements of the question.

Therefore, the answer is: B.

4. What are the living habits of earthworms?

Likes moisture and is afraid of soaking

Earthworms like to live in a humid environment, not too dry, but not too wet, and cannot be soaked (except for water earthworms). The humidification mentioned here includes two aspects, one is the humidity of the breeding base soil, and the other is the air humidity. Generally, the humidity of the breeding base soil is required to be 40%-60% (it is better to hold the base soil with fingers and see water but not flow down), and the relative humidity of the air is preferably adjusted to 60%-80%.

Dark-loving and light-averse

Earthworms like to live in the dark. They usually burrow under the soil or in the substrate to find food. They also crawl out of the ground at night to find food. They are afraid of light, so they develop the habit of hiding during the day and coming out at night. Although earthworms have no eyes and cannot see light, their bodies are covered with photosensitive organs. Strong light is extremely detrimental to the growth and reproduction of earthworms, so earthworms always move in the dark. The breeding environment should be selected in a dark place.

Likes sweet and dislikes spicy food

Earthworms like to eat sour, sweet, and fishy food, such as rotten tomatoes, watermelon rinds, rotten fruits, fish washing water, etc. They are most afraid of spicy food, such as green onions, garlic, peppers, etc. When feeding earthworms with urban household garbage, spicy food should be picked out before feeding.

Quiet and afraid of shock

Earthworms like to live in a quiet environment and are most afraid of vibration. The breeding farm should be selected in a quiet place. Do not vibrate or frequently turn the base soil up and down. Frequent vibration will have a negative impact on the growth and reproduction of earthworms.

Like acid and fear salt

Earthworms like to live in acidic or neutral soils, or in environments with water sources. They are most afraid of being close to salt or alkaline soils, or saline-alkaline water sources. If you encounter saline-alkaline soils or water sources, you need to adjust the pH. If it is too alkaline, use ammonium dihydrogen phosphate to adjust it, or you can use 2% coal water to adjust it, otherwise the earthworms cannot survive.

The influence of temperature on its life activities

Earthworms are cold-blooded animals, and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the external environment. Therefore, earthworms are generally more dependent on the environment than warm-blooded animals. The environmental temperature not only affects the body temperature and activities of earthworms, but also affects the metabolism, growth, development and reproduction of earthworms. In addition, the temperature also has a great impact on other living conditions, thereby indirectly affecting earthworms. Therefore, temperature is one of the most important living conditions for earthworms.

Generally speaking, the activity temperature of earthworms is within the range of 5-30℃, they enter a dormant state at 0-5℃, and die below 0℃. The most suitable temperature is about 20-27℃, at which they can grow, develop and reproduce well. At 28-30℃, they can maintain a certain growth; above 32℃, growth stops; below 10℃, the activity is sluggish; above 40℃, they die, and the optimum temperature for earthworm cocoon hatching is 18-27℃. It can be seen that the highest lethal temperature of earthworms is lower than that of other invertebrates. It is best to have a breeding farm indoors in the southern region. In summer, ventilation and moisture retention are provided, and in winter, just closing windows to keep warm can produce normally throughout the year (the temperature here refers to the temperature of the base material, because the temperature of the air is different from the temperature of the base material, for example: when the air temperature is 0℃, the base material temperature is about 12℃; when the air temperature is 38℃, the base material temperature is only about 28℃, because the manure contains extremely high moisture).

How to reproduce

Earthworms are hermaphrodites. The male reproductive organs are located at the back of the 10th and 11th segments. There are two pairs of testicular sacs, each containing a testis and a sperm infundibulum, which are connected to the pair of sperm vesicles at the back through small holes on the diaphragm. The two pairs of sperm vesicles are located in the 11th and 12th segments. After sperm cells are produced in the testis, they first enter the sperm vesicles for development, and then return to the testicular sacs after maturity, and are discharged from the sperm infundibulum through the vas deferens. The two vas deferens are parallel to each other after the 13th segment. When they reach the 18th segment, they meet with the branch and main ducts of the prostate and are discharged from the male genital pore, which is on both sides of the ventral surface of the 18th segment. The female reproductive organs have a pair of grape-shaped ovaries attached to the back of the diaphragm of the 12th and 13th segments. The mature eggs fall into the body cavity, pass through a pair of egg infundibulums in the 13th segment, and pass through the shorter oviduct to meet at the 14th segment, and are discharged from the female genital pore, which has only one female genital pore. In addition, there are 2 or 3 pairs of spermatheca in the 6th to 9th segments, which are places for receiving and storing foreign sperm. They open on both sides of the abdominal intersegmental groove between the 6th and 9th segments.

Although earthworms are hermaphrodites, they still need cross-fertilization because their sex cells mature at different times. The male reproductive cells of earthworms mature first. After mating, the two earthworms will mate. During mating, the accessory glands secrete mucus, which makes the ventral surfaces of both sides stick to each other, and the head ends are separated. The male genital pore is opposite to the spermatheca pore of the opposite sex. The semen is discharged from each male genital pore and enters the spermatheca through the spermatheca pore of the other. After exchanging semen, the two earthworms separate. When the eggs mature, the annulus secretes a viscous substance, which solidifies outside the annulus to form a ring-shaped mucus tube (earthworm cocoon). The mature eggs are discharged from the female genital pore into the earthworm cocoon. When the earthworms make a wave-like backward movement, the earthworm cocoon gradually moves forward accordingly. When it moves to the spermatheca pore, the sperm escapes and fertilizes in the cocoon. The earthworms continue to retreat, and finally the earthworm cocoon leaves the body, with both ends closed and left in the soil. Each earthworm cocoon has 1 to 3 embryos, which hatch within 2 to 3 weeks. If the environment is not suitable, hatching can be delayed until the following spring.

Earthworms and flower cultivation

url] If there are earthworms in the flowerpot, they must be killed. When the flowerpot is placed outdoors, earthworms can easily drill into the pot through the bottom hole. Earthworms are beneficial in the field, but they are harmful in the flowerpot. There is little soil in the flowerpot, which will cause earthworms to gnaw the roots of flowers. In addition, earthworms will dig holes. When watering, the water will flow through the holes and the flowers will not be able to drink water. If there are earthworms in the flowerpot, you can go to the flower shop to buy some "DDT" (pesticide) powder, sprinkle it on the surface of the potting soil, mix it with the soil, and water it. DDT can completely kill earthworms. The usage instructions can be followed according to the package instructions. Some people also believe that earthworm feces is a kind of fertilizer for flowers and is beneficial to flowers.

Regeneration of earthworms

The earthworm is a low-level annelid. Although it has a head, a tail, a mouth, a stomach, and an anus, its entire body is like two "tubes" with pointed ends put together. The outer layer is a body wall connected by rings, which contains a muscle system composed of mesoderm cells. Inside the body is a digestive tract that runs through layers of diaphragms from head to tail. Between the two "tubes" is filled with body cavity fluid.

When an earthworm is cut into two pieces, the muscle tissue on the cut surface immediately contracts, and part of the muscle quickly dissolves itself to form a new cell mass. At the same time, white blood cells gather on the cut surface to form an embolism, which quickly closes the wound. The protocells in the body cavity septum quickly migrate to the cut surface and form nodular regeneration buds on the cut surface together with the muscle cells that have dissolved themselves. At the same time, the cells of the digestive tract, nervous system, blood vessels and other tissues in the body rapidly grow into the regeneration buds through a large number of mitosis. In this way, as the cells continue to proliferate, a new head will grow on the cut surface of the section that lacks the head; a tail will grow on the cut surface of the section that lacks the tail. In this way, one earthworm becomes two complete earthworms.