CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to raise maggots artificially?

Fly maggots are rich in nutrition and good in palatability. They are one of the excellent animal feeds for turtles to be combined with or directly fed. According to relevant reports, fly maggots contain an active ingredient of antibacterial enzymes, which have a good effect on disease prevention.

(1) Living and breeding habits of houseflies Houseflies are suitable for living and breeding in an environment with a room temperature of 22-32℃ and a relative humidity of 60%-80%. Under the above conditions, the pupa develops for 3 days, from soft to hard, from beige, light brown, dark brown to black, and finally the adult fly breaks out of the pupa. The newly hatched adult fly can only crawl but not fly. It will take 1 hour before it spreads its wings and starts to eat and drink water. The adult fly is active during the day and stays still at night. After 3 days of sexual maturity, it begins to mate and lay eggs. The peak of egg laying is 6-8 days old, and then it gradually decreases. By the 15th day of age, the egg laying capacity is basically lost. The fly eggs hatch into maggots in 0.5-1 day, and the maggots are cultured in the feces of pigs, chickens, etc. for about 5 days before turning into pupae. A generation of flies is about 28 days. Under artificial breeding conditions, the most suitable temperature is controlled and nutrient-rich culture medium is prepared, and the maggots bred are large in size, high in yield, and good in quality. (2) The breeding facilities can be determined according to the scale of turtle breeding. The basic facilities for general fly breeding include breeding workshops, breeding cages and breeding tools.

The size of the breeding workshop can be determined by each turtle breeding farm according to its own needs. However, the workshop must be heat-insulated, ventilated, and clean. The floor should preferably be cement, which is easy to clean. In order to effectively prevent other outdoor insects from entering the breeding workshop, the ventilation windows should be equipped with fine screens.

The cage frame of the breeding cage can be made of steel or wood, and then covered with fine nylon mesh. The specifications of the cage are 150 cm long, 100 cm wide and 120 cm high. The bottom of the cage is required to be 30 cm above the ground when it is installed. (3) The breeding tools mainly include feed basins, water basins, eclosion tanks and egg-laying tanks. (4) Breeding of breeding flies Breeding flies are raised in cages. Generally, 15,000 breeding flies are raised in cages of the above specifications. A cloth sleeve should be added to one side of each cage to facilitate the hand to add feed, water and collect eggs. 15,000 adult flies are fed 25 grams of milk powder every day. The feed is placed in a feed basin with a gauze pad. The adult flies are allowed to stand on the gauze to suck the feed and water. The feed and water are changed once a day. Gauze is placed in the water basin, and wet wheat bran is placed in the egg-laying tank for the flies to lay eggs. The eggs are collected once a day and sent to the maggot room for maggot breeding. The number of eggs laid by breeding flies is the highest between 8:00 and 15:00 every day, so the time for egg collection should be appropriate. Each batch of breeding flies is eliminated after 15 to 20 days of breeding. They can be killed with hot water or steam, dried and ground into powder, and used as turtle feed, and then replaced with a new batch. During the breeding period of breeding flies, glass and screens should be installed on the doors and windows to facilitate temperature control, and fans should be installed on the walls to regulate the air. The room should be equipped with heating equipment to keep the temperature at 22 to 32°C in winter and the relative humidity at 60% to 80%. Be careful when operating to prevent the breeding flies from escaping. (5) Fly maggot breeding Fly maggot breeding can be carried out in a room with good insulation and ventilation conditions, using bricks with a side height of 20 cm and an area of ​​2 to 5 m2, or using wooden frames and plastic trays for breeding. A plastic tray with a diameter of 50 cm can produce 1.5 kg of maggots after one day of breeding with 3 kg of bran.

The specific method of raising maggots is as follows: pour fly eggs and bran into a plate, add maggot feed such as wine lees, bean dregs or bran, and mix well. Note that fly eggs should not be exposed on the surface of the maggot feed to avoid water loss and death of eggs. The thickness of the maggot feed is generally 5 to 10 cm, and the fermentation temperature in the maggot feed is not higher than 40℃ and not lower than 20℃ as a standard. In summer, when the temperature is high, the maggot feed should be appropriately thinner; conversely, in winter, when the temperature is low, the maggot feed can be appropriately thicker. If human and animal feces are used, bacteria and parasites must be killed before use. The ratio of feed to maggots, taking chicken manure as an example, is generally 3.5 to 4 kg to produce 0.5 kg of fresh maggots. Regardless of which raw material is used to raise maggots, the dryness and humidity of the maggot feed should be kept at 60% to 65%. (6) Maggot collection: Maggots are afraid of light and can be collected. Use feces to scrape the surface of the feed in the maggot breeding pond and push it continuously. The maggots will drill down and take away the surface feed. Repeat this method many times. Finally, a small amount of feed and a large amount of maggots are left. At this time, the maggots can be taken away and mixed with other feed to feed the turtles. (7) Breeding of fly species While producing fly maggots, some of the maggots are allowed to pupate as a source of new fly species. There are two methods for pupation: one is to let the maggots pupate naturally in the feed, wash out the maggot feed with water, and then get fly pupae; the other is to take out the maggots and put them in a basin filled with dry wheat bran to promote pupation after about 5 to 6 days of culture in the maggot feed. Then use a sieve to separate the wheat bran to get pupae. The size of the pupae is required to reach 50 pupae per gram.

Fly maggot rearing technology

A. Living habits of houseflies Houseflies grow at room temperature of 20-30℃ and relative humidity of 60%-80%. After five days of development, the pupa changes from soft to hard, from beige, light brown, dark brown to black, and finally the adult fly breaks out of the shell from the front end of the pupa. The newly emerged adult fly can only crawl, not fly. One hour later, it spreads its wings and starts to eat and drink water. The adult fly is active during the day and stays still at night. After three days, it matures sexually, and the male and female begin to mate and lay eggs. The peak period of egg laying is 1-8 days old, and the egg laying ability is basically lost at 25 days old. The fly eggs hatch into maggots in half a day to a day. The maggots are cultivated in pig and chicken manure and generally become pupae on the fifth day. A generation of flies is about 28 days. Temperature and nutrients in maggot bait have a great influence on the growth and development of maggots. Generally, the room temperature is within the range of 20-30℃. The higher the temperature and nutrients, the faster the maggots grow and develop, and the larger the pupae become.

B. Breeding and reproduction of breeding flies Breeding flies should be raised in a fly house. The size of the breeding fly house can be built according to the needs, and it can also be modified from an old house. Glass and screens should be installed on the doors and windows to facilitate temperature adjustment, and fans should be installed on the walls to adjust the air. There should be heating equipment in the room to keep the temperature at 20-23℃ in winter and the relative humidity in the room at 60%-70%. Black curtains should be installed on the passage to prevent the breeding flies from escaping. There are breeding racks in the room, which are divided into upper, middle and lower layers. The breeding racks are made of iron or wood. Each layer of the rack is placed with a fly cage made of nylon gauze, which is 100 cm long and 80 cm high. The breeding flies are kept in the cages. Each cage can hold 12,000 breeding flies. Each cage is covered with cloth sleeves to facilitate feeding, water addition and egg collection. 12,000 adult flies are fed 20 grams of milk powder every day. The feed is placed in a feed basin with gauze padding, and the adult flies are allowed to stand on the gauze to suck. The feed and water are changed once a day. Put gauze in the basin, put wet wheat bran in the egg-laying basket for the fly species to lay eggs, collect eggs from the fly cage once a day and send them to the maggot room for breeding. The number of eggs laid by the fly species is the largest from 8 am to 3 pm every day, so the time for collecting eggs should be appropriate. Each batch of fly species is eliminated after 15-20 days of breeding, killed with hot water or steam, dried and ground into powder for livestock and poultry feed, and then replaced with a new batch. While producing fly maggots, the fly maggots pupate. There are two ways to make new fly species: one is to let them pupate naturally and wash out the pupae with water; the other is to take out the fly maggots and put them into dry powder when the maggots turn yellow after about 5-6 days of breeding to promote pupation.

C. Cultivation of fly maggots Fly maggots can be cultivated in a maggot breeding pool with a brick side height of 20 cm and an area of ​​1-3 square meters, or in a bamboo and wood frame and a plastic tray. A plastic tray with a diameter of 50 cm can breed 1.5 kg of maggots with only 3 kg of wheat bran. After 3-4 days of breeding, it can be collected and used. The source of maggot breeding feed is relatively wide, and the cost of different maggot feeds varies. You can choose reasonably. Wheat bran has high nutritional content and a slightly higher price. It is generally used to breed fly species. Cheap wine troughs, bean dregs, etc. can be used as commercial maggot feed. If wheat bran is used as maggot feed, generally 1 kg of wheat bran can produce 0.5 kg of fly maggots. When using it, it needs to be shaken with water. The dryness and wetness should be such that water comes out when squeezed by hand and it is suitable to fall apart when touched (water content 60%-65%). If semi-dry and wet materials such as wine troughs and bean dregs are used, it can be cultivated without adding water. Specific maggot breeding operation method: Pour the egg-laying and wheat bran materials into a plate, add wine trough, bean dregs or wheat bran and other maggot materials, and mix them evenly. Note that the fly eggs should not be exposed on the surface of the maggot material to avoid water loss and loss of vitality. The thickness of the maggot material is based on the fermentation temperature in the maggot material not higher than 40℃ and not lower than 20℃, generally 5-10 cm. In summer, when the temperature is high, the maggot material should be appropriately thinner, and in winter, when the temperature is low, the maggot material can be appropriately thicker. If human and animal feces are used, bacteria and parasites must be killed before use. The ratio of material to maggots is, for example, 3.5-4 kg of chicken manure generally produces 0.5 kg of fresh maggots. Regardless of which raw material is used to raise maggots, the dryness and humidity of the maggot material should be controlled at 60%-65%.

D. Collection of fly maggots: maggots are afraid of light and can be collected by scraping the surface of the drinking water in the maggot breeding pool with a dung shovel. The maggots will drill into the water and remove the dung on the surface. This method is repeated many times. Finally, a small amount of dung and a small amount of fly maggots are left. The separated fly maggots can be washed and directly used to feed livestock and poultry. They can be dried at 200-250℃ for 15-20 minutes and stored for later use.

New technology for breeding maggots

1. Breeding flies and feeding. There are two types of breeding flies raised in this place. One is a large fly with red eyes and green body (big-headed fly); the other is a small housefly commonly seen in the home, with the former being the main one. Both are from the wild and are domesticated through breeding.

The breeding flies are fed in the fly shed, mainly brown sugar water (1:10), with a small amount of cream essence, which is the "ovulation hormone" prepared by the farm (made of Chinese medicine such as epimedium, lysine, methionine, and vitamins), and some yeast powder for better results. The feeding method is to place a sponge in a porcelain basin, pour the sugar water into the sponge, and wash the sponge once a day.

2. Breeding equipment

1. Manure fermentation pool. Made of cement, the size depends on the production scale, and the depth is 50 cm. The farm has 6 pools as a group, because manure fermentation generally takes 6 days, and one pool is used every day, which is exactly one cycle. In places with low temperatures, manure fermentation takes longer, so more pools need to be built.

2. Fly breeding room (shed). Fly breeding and maggot rearing are in the same room, which covers an area of ​​more than 300 square meters, has many windows, and several ventilation windows on the roof, and is equipped with ventilation fans and fans. The roof is covered with tiles and plastic film, and the windows, ventilation windows and other places that are connected to the outside of the room are tightly sealed with screens. There are countless ropes in the room for adult flies to rest, and there are many potted plants (elephant grass, etc.) in the room, which are used to regulate the air in the room and provide adult flies with a rest.

The floor of the fly house is divided into a rectangular maggot breeding pool with an area of ​​2-3 square meters by cement. The pool edge is 15-25 cm high. Maggot collection buckets (small plastic buckets) are buried in the corners of the pool, and the bucket edge is slightly higher than the pool bottom. Before the grown-up flies pupate, most of them will automatically crawl away from the manure pile, crawl along the pool edge and finally fall into the maggot collection bucket. The maggot breeding pool can also be built outdoors, just cover it. <br>

3. Production Process

1. Fermentation of manure. Manure formula: ① 80% pig manure, 10% distiller's grains, 10% rice bran or wheat bran; ② 40%-60% pig manure, 60%-40% chicken manure; ③ 100% chicken (or pig) manure; ④ 30% cow manure, 60% pig and chicken manure, 10% rice bran or wheat bran or five-grain flour; ⑤ 20%-50% tofu residue or cassava residue, 80%-50% pig and chicken manure.

There are two methods for manure fermentation: one is water fermentation. First, add 30 cm deep water to the fermentation tank, add a small amount of fermentation powder and EM (effective microorganism) bacterial liquid, pour the manure in and mix well, seal it with plastic film, and ferment it for 5-6 days; the other is the ordinary composting fermentation method. Add a small amount of EM liquid to the manure, control the water content to 60%-80%, compost and seal it, and use it after 5-6 days (depending on the temperature). Fermentation can kill pathogenic bacteria and parasite eggs in the manure, and can also eliminate toxic and harmful gases produced by direct fermentation of manure in the maggot breeding room to avoid harm to adult flies and maggots.

2. Raising maggots. Adjust the pH of the fermented manure to 6.5-7.5, send it to the maggot breeding pool and pile it into strips. Spread a 2-3 cm thick layer of egg-attracting materials (wheat bran mixed with blood, discarded fresh pig hair with epidermis collected from slaughterhouses, etc.) on the surface of the manure pile. Adult flies will soon fly over to eat and lay eggs. The eggs will hatch into young maggots after 8-12 hours. After the young maggots have eaten the nutrients on the egg-attracting materials, they will automatically drill into the manure pile to eat until they grow up. The grown fly maggots generally do not pupate in the manure but automatically crawl away and finally fall into the maggot collection bucket. The residual manure that has been used to raise fly maggots can be used as feed for breeding earthworms after fermentation.

4. Production effect. The farm can produce 100-300 kg of fresh maggots per ton of manure. A 100-square-meter maggot breeding room can produce 20-50 kg of fresh maggots per day. The amount of production is related to many factors, such as the number of adult flies. It is best to keep more than 200,000 breeding flies in a 100-square-meter fly room; egg traps and their preparation; the nutrients and preparation of maggot breeding materials. Chicken manure has the highest maggot production and cow manure has the lowest. Climate factors and feeding management techniques also affect the maggot production.

You just raise flies.