CATDOLL : CATDOLL: There is a nest of bees in a tree hole with only one entrance. How can I catch them out?

There is a nest of bees in a tree hole and there is only one entrance. How can we catch them out?

Take out all the bee larvae and honey, then (block the hole) and smoke it for about ten minutes and the bees will fly out. If it doesn't work once, smoke it a few more times.

First use something to pick out the beehive, and then the bees will come out.

Just put some sugar water on a branch or straw and stick it in... That's it!

Flood with water.

First pour water and then use fire to drive away the bees

What interesting behaviors do bees have that we humans are not easily aware of?

Luo Yin of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his poem Ode to Bees that people respect bees: "Whether in the plains or in the mountains, they occupy all the infinite scenery. After collecting honey from hundreds of flowers, I wonder for whom the hard work is for?"

Now, researchers have discovered many interesting behaviors of honey bees that were previously unknown.

Bees also make democratic decisions. When human groups meet the interests of everyone and the direction of the group's development, they usually make decisions through democratic voting, that is, the minority obeys the majority. Studies have found that bees also do this, especially when they face major events in their survival, such as moving the hive.

Typically, every spring, about two-thirds of a colony will break away from the original colony to form a new colony. However, these independent colonies need to find a new address to build a new home.

What they do is that not all bees who want to establish a new family go out to choose a site, but dozens of scout bees are sent out to find a new address, while the vast majority of bees are waiting. Bees are very strict about the new house, which is generally a spacious hollow tree hole. After scouting, each scout bee will know the difference between an ordinary house and a "five-star hotel". When they return to their original location, they introduce the new address to their companions. If the new address is like a "five-star hotel" or the conditions are better, the dance they dance will be long and cheerful, so that more bees can agree to go to the new address. When the number of bee identifications obtained by the scout bee exceeds a certain number, that is, when it reaches the majority, the bee colony will settle at the new address recommended by the scout bee.

But the biggest question is, if the bees find two equally comfortable and spacious new homes, how will they choose? The premise of the choice is that the colony cannot be divided, because there is only one queen in the colony, so it must choose only one address.

Thomas Healy, a biologist at Cornell University in the United States, and others conducted a study to observe the decision-making of bees. They set up two identical hives on a remote Maine island and released a large group of bees. The scout bees that visited one hive (hive a) were yellow stripes, while the scout bees that visited the other hive (hive b) were pink stripes.

Therefore, the scout bees who like hives A and B will dance in front of the hive to show that their new address is as comfortable and livable as a five-star hotel. In addition, in order to prevent the other party from expressing their opinions, they will use headbutting and screaming to stop the other party from dancing, thus convincing the hive that the new address they found is the best. This is like canvassing for votes in human democratic elections.

Therefore, the party that can effectively prevent the other party from expressing its opinions will receive more support from the colony. Once more than half of the supporters support it, the colony can decide on a new address.

How does the hive determine which scout offers the best new address? It turns out that bees rely not only on vision but also on hearing to decide whether they support hive A or hive B. Neurons in the left and right ears of the bees are stimulated by sound at the same time. To determine which side the sound comes from, their neurons inhibit each other's excitation. Once the left brain reaches a threshold, the brain concludes that the sound wave comes from the left side. Therefore, the new address recommended by the scout on the left is judged to be the best.

Honey bees are right-handed and left-handed. The researchers' latest research has found that honey bees are also left-handed and right-handed. The left-handedness and right-handedness of honey bees refers to whether they are accustomed to using their left or right antennae to complete various important tasks.

The antennae of bees have many functions, such as smell, hearing and taste, and can also detect changes in temperature, wind and humidity. This depends on the thousands of sensory cells in the antennae of bees. Therefore, these antennae not only help bees to fly freely in the wild, but also help them to fly in a group environment in the hive. Bees communicate with each other mainly through chemical pheromones, and use different smells to transmit all information from alarms to the status of individual companions.

A recent study by Leslie Rogers and others at the Center for Neurobehavioral Research at the University of New England in New South Wales, Australia, found that harmonious social cooperation in bees is associated with their greater use of the right antenna. They found that bees that only use their right antennae to communicate and connect are more likely to communicate with each other faster and are more likely to interact actively by sticking out their "tongues".

But the latter are more likely to interact negatively by making aggressive "C responses", that is, pointing their stingers and claws at other bees, including those from their own hive. This is also a hostile behavior, indicating less cooperative behavior. However, bees with right antennae also have "C responses", but they are more likely to make aggressive "C responses" to bees from another hive than bees with left antennae. Therefore, bees that often use the right antennae are friendly to their own people, but not to outsiders. This also means that bees use the right antennae to exchange information with other workers in the same colony and prepare for attacks from another colony. But bees that often use the left antennae are unfriendly to their own people.

However, left- and right-handed bees have more different functions. The memory function of bees is related to the left and right antennae. The left antennae are responsible for long-term memory, and the right antennae are responsible for short-term memory.

The researchers used the snout flexion and extension reflex to observe the memory of bees. Give the bee a drop of sugar juice, and it will open its mouth to get the juice. If the lemon smell is stimulated before the sugar juice, after a short period of training, the bee will stretch the sound even if there is only the lemon smell. In other words, the bee is trained to keep the correct memory of the smell for a long time. But this smell is perceived by the two antennae on the top of the bee's head. Are the memories of the two antennae the same?

The researchers investigated this further by covering the left and right antennae of bees with a latex matrix, rendering the covered antenna incapable of sensing odors. After one hour of training, the right antennae of the bees could identify odors, while the left antennae could not. However, after covering the right antennae and training for 24 hours, the left antennae of the bees were able to correctly identify odors. This suggests that although both antennae can recognize odors through memory, the right antennae have stronger short-term memory capabilities, while the left antennae have stronger long-term memory capabilities.

Why do bees have this memory function of the left and right antennae? One hypothesis is that the memory ability of the left and right brains of bees is the same, but the memory functions of the left and right antennae are different, simply because the right antennae are short-term memory channels and the left antennae are long-term memory channels.

However, researchers believe that this functional difference between the left and right antennae is related to the work of bees. The source of nectar is different for bees. Bees are exposed to more different flowers in a day, which requires them to have relevant memories of different smells in a day. Therefore, it requires long-term memory and short-term memory to be converted in an orderly manner between the two antennae. The right antenna is responsible for short-term memory. It can continuously learn and memorize new smells without interfering with the long-term memory of other smells.

As to how bees store one odor as a long-term memory odor and store it in the brain through their left antennae, and regard other odors as short-term memory odors and store them in the brain through their right antennae, further research is needed to reveal.

Working hard for others, researchers have now discovered that fruits produced by bee pollination are far more delicious, nutritious and more beneficial to people's health than fruits pollinated by wind.

Except for a few self-pollinating ones, most crops (plants) are cross-pollinating. The methods of cross-pollination are insects, wind, water and birds. Insects such as bees, butterflies, moths, ants, flies, etc. can bear the heavy burden of pollination. However, the most important pollinating insects are bees, accounting for 80% of the carriers, while other insects only account for 20%. However, bees not only bear a lot of important tasks in crop pollination, but also, the latest research has found that bee pollination is also a way to improve the nutrition and taste of crops.

In order to understand the principle of bee pollination and improve the fruit quality of crops such as strawberries and coffee, Terzak and others decided to study strawberries, which can be pollinated by wind, self-pollination or insects. Strawberries have a characteristic that each strawberry is a composite fruit composed of many small fruits, a bit like the compound eyes of bees. This requires that during the pollination process, the pollen of each flower must be transferred to about 200 ovaries. However, wind pollination and self-pollination cannot achieve the same high-quality pollination as bee pollination. Only through the hard work of bees is it possible to transfer pollen to about 200 ovaries in the flower.

The researchers planted nine major strawberry varieties at a test site where they kept a number of wild and domesticated bees for the study. The results showed that the bee-pollinated strawberries were brighter and less deformed than other strawberries.

Compared with wind-pollinated strawberries, bee-pollinated strawberries are "tougher" and have a shelf life of nearly 12 hours. Strawberries are the most fragile. Generally speaking, more than 90% of strawberries cannot be sold after 4 days of storage. However, increasing the shelf life by 12 hours after pollination can reduce the loss of strawberries during storage by about 11%. This alone will reduce agricultural losses in the European Union by about US$320 million per year. Similarly, bee-pollinated strawberries in North America will reduce losses by the same proportion, about US$264 million per year.

Techak and others found that bee pollination can not only make the numerous ovaries in strawberry flowers evenly and comprehensively pollinated, but also stimulate the secretion of two major plant hormones, auxin and gibberellin, thereby improving the quality of strawberries. Auxin can promote cell division and growth, thereby increasing the weight and firmness of the fruit, thereby increasing the shelf life. Gibberellic acid can delay fruit softening and help the fruit resist bruises and mildew.

However, researchers do not know how bee pollination increases the chances of strawberries having a gorgeous appearance, and further research is needed to reveal the mystery. However, according to the law of crop growth, brightly colored crops are beneficial to attracting animals to spread seeds.

As we get to know bees better, we will find that bees are indeed a kind of lovely elves, worthy of careful protection. Although they are busy for their own survival, they are more diligent and busier for others.