CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Planting mulberry trees and raising silkworms (how much does it cost to plant mulberry trees and raise silkworms)

1. Complete set of techniques for planting mulberry trees and raising silkworms?

my country is the origin of mulberry planting and silkworm breeding in the world, with a history of 5,000 years. The silk industry is the industry with the most innovative advantages in my country, and it is a traditional industry that can monopolize and occupy the international market. Moreover, with the improvement of people's living standards, people pay more and more attention to "natural" and "maintenance". Among them, silk clothing with the characteristics of "heat absorption" and "beauty" has been recognized by people, which has led to a continuous increase in the consumption level of silk products. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research on mulberry planting and silkworm breeding technology.

1. Key points of mulberry technology

1.1 The growing environment of mulberry trees

1.1.1 Temperature. Mulberry trees can only grow healthily in a suitable environment. Usually, when the temperature is above 5℃, the mulberry roots begin to breathe. When the temperature is above 12℃ and there is sufficient water, winter buds can germinate; when the temperature rises to 25-30℃, branches and buds slowly grow out.

1.1.2 Light. Mulberry trees are sunlight-loving species. Sufficient sunlight is needed to ensure smooth photosynthesis and lay the foundation for their healthy growth.

1.1.3 Water. The water content of the whole mulberry tree is about 60%. Insufficient water will affect the growth of mulberry roots and new shoots, causing the leaves to droop and, in severe cases, dead leaves to fall. In the case of excessive water, the soil has poor permeability and lacks oxygen, resulting in poor leaf growth. Long-term flooding will cause the mulberry tree to die, and the mulberry leaves grown cannot be used for silkworm breeding.

1.1.4 Air. Air is an important factor for the growth of mulberry trees. Mulberry trees need to absorb oxygen at night and carbon dioxide during the day for photosynthesis to produce nutrients.

1.1.5 Nutrients. Mulberry trees need a variety of nutrients to grow. For example, phosphorus can guide cell division, promote the growth of rhizomes and the formation of chlorophyll, and enhance the tree's resistance to stress; potassium can transport nutrients, enrich the roots, and accelerate maturity; nitrogen is an important component of mulberry leaf protein synthesis. In addition to the above three substances, trace elements such as iron, copper and manganese are also needed.

1.1.6 Soil. Soil is the foundation for the growth of mulberry trees. The growth of mulberry trees is closely related to soil structure, pH, water and nutrients. Mulberry trees have high adaptability and can grow in soils with a pH value of 4.5 to 9.0, that is, slightly acidic or slightly alkaline. Mulberry trees can be planted in sandy soil and red soil, but the best planting effect is in neutral sandy soil.

1.2 Mulberry seedling planting

1.2.1 Planting period. The first is spring sowing, which is around the Qingming Festival, that is, late March to early April, and no later than the end of April, because it will be affected by rain and high temperature. Rain will wash away the newly planted mulberry seedlings, and high temperature will affect the growth of tender seedlings. The second is autumn sowing, which is around the autumnal equinox, that is, late September. If there is a drought problem during this period, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Spring sowing has the best effect.

1.2.2 Planting methods. The first method is scattering, using about 1.00 kg of mulberry seeds for 667 m2; the second method is row sowing, using about 0.65 kg of mulberry seeds for 667 m2, the furrow depth and width can reach 1 cm×1 cm, and the furrow spacing is 17-20 cm. To ensure a more balanced sowing, four or five times the amount of fine sand or fine soil can be mixed in, and a thin layer of plant ash can be spread after sowing, and then the grass nodes are covered and sprayed with water. After two leaves appear, the grass nodes are uncovered, and a sunshade net can also be used for protection.

1.2.3 Planting mulberry trees. First, prepare mulberry seedlings. The best time to plant mulberry seedlings is during the dormant stage of mulberry trees in winter. If you buy seedlings, you should buy those without any problems, especially pay attention to bacterial wilt, and the seedlings should not be affected by wind and light. Secondly, usually 5,000 to 7,000 hybrid mulberry trees are planted per 667 m2, with single row and wide and narrow row planting. Single row planting is more conducive to weeding and fertilization; it is better to choose east-west direction to facilitate photosynthesis. The specifications of single row planting are 0.60 to 0.67 m in row spacing and 0.10 to 0.13 m in plant spacing.

2 Key points of silkworm rearing technology

2.1 Disinfection and disease prevention

In order to prevent the occurrence of silkworm diseases, effective disinfection is required during the breeding process, which is an important measure to improve the quantity and quality of silkworms. Disinfection is usually carried out 7 days before silkworm breeding. Before disinfection, the silkworm room, leaf room and surrounding environment should be cleaned first. When disinfecting the silkworm room, 500 g of NaClO stock solution can be dissolved in 12 kg of clean water to prepare 0.4% NaClO disinfectant for disinfection. In the process of disinfecting the silkworm room or tableware, make sure to spray it wet and thoroughly, or directly soak the items to be disinfected in the solution to achieve the purpose of disinfection.

In addition, workers should wash their hands and change shoes frequently, that is, wash their hands before entering the silkworm room, before picking leaves or feeding silkworms, and after removing silkworm feces. Whether entering the silkworm room or the leaf room, they should change their shoes in time to prevent viruses or substances that are not conducive to the growth of silkworms from entering under the soles of their shoes.

2.2 Feeding and management

In the process of silkworm rearing, feeding is very important, which can improve the efficiency and quality of actual rearing work. During the feeding process, on the one hand, the silkworm seats should be kept even, ensuring that each silkworm can occupy about 2 spaces. When feeding silkworms, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of multiple feedings and reasonable control of the number. On the other hand, the freshness of mulberry leaves should be ensured to ensure the healthy growth of silkworms.

2.3 Feeding techniques

When raising young silkworms, you need to choose a special small silkworm room; when raising adult silkworms (strong silkworms), remember the following 20-word mantra, "Young silkworms are raised in nylon, adult silkworms are raised in ground resistance, thoroughly prevent fire poison, and feed them well to prevent heatstroke."

Specifically, first, expand and evenly distribute the silkworm seats, carry out reasonable sleeping and waking treatment, scientifically divide the batches, and feed appropriately; second, adjust the size of the mulberry trees appropriately, and balance the feeding of mulberry trees. Pay attention to the silkworms and the feeding of mulberry trees, and do a good job of replenishment; third, remove sand in time to ensure that the silkworm seats are clean and pollution-free. Adult silkworms need to do a good job of ventilation and dehumidification, and strengthen the disinfection of silkworm bodies and silkworm seats; fourth, carry out effective mulberry leaf collection and transportation to ensure the appropriate age and heat, and optimize the preservation of mulberry leaves; fifth, disinfection and disease prevention work cannot be relaxed, ensure overall disinfection before silkworm rearing, disinfection at any time during silkworm rearing, and disinfection immediately after silkworm rearing. In order to prevent the invasion of diseases, wash hands before feeding, and change shoes before entering the silkworm rearing room; sixth, put the silkworms in the cocoon appropriately to prevent the situation of being too unfamiliar and too dense. The density of the cocoon should be appropriate, with 600 to 700 heads in a flower cluster and about 300 heads in a plastic folding cluster; seventh, do a good job of cluster protection and silkworm rearing. After being put on the cocoon, the silk-spinning process usually ends in two or three days, and then the silkworms molt for about 2 days. The silkworms need to excrete 50% of the water in their bodies, so the room temperature should be very high, and ventilation and dehumidification should be done well. The location where the silkworms are put on the cocoon should meet the requirements of "three dryness".

At the same time, appropriate silkworm collection can prevent premature behavior from damaging the pupae or hair feet. If the silkworms are too late, they will appear moths or maggots. Usually, they can be studied by skinning the silkworms. If they are found to have pupated and the pupal skin turns yellow, they can be collected. When collecting silkworms, thin skin, internal and external dyeing should be separated. The collected silkworms cannot be piled up to heat up, so as not to affect the quality of the silkworms.

2.4 Silkworm disease prevention and control

2.4.1 Classification of silkworm diseases. The first is infectious silkworm diseases. Usually, they are manifested in the form of microparticle diseases, viral diseases, and fungal diseases. In my country's rural silkworm breeding work, infectious silkworm diseases generally have the greatest impact. For example, if there is a serious pus disease, the silkworms will not be able to cocoon, which will have a great impact on the development of agricultural economy. The second is non-infectious silkworm diseases. This non-infectious silkworm disease is mostly caused by parasites, or physiological diseases caused by poisoning, punctures, etc.

2.4.2 Prevention and treatment measures. Because there are many types of silkworm diseases, prevention and treatment should be carried out according to local conditions. The cure of silkworm diseases is often not obvious, so prevention should be the main focus during silkworm rearing. First, strengthen disinfection efforts to prevent the emergence of pathogens and comprehensively hinder the spread of silkworm diseases. Strengthen the management of silkworm rooms, improve the resistance of silkworms, and effectively protect the safety of silkworms. Secondly, once suspected diseases and insect pests are found, timely judgment and identification should be made, and the causes of the problems should be studied to comprehensively prevent the impact of diseases and insects and provide protection for the growth of other healthy silkworms.

3 Conclusion

As people's living standards continue to improve, high-end silk clothing has become something that ordinary people can buy. At the same time, as manufacturers continue to innovate products and expand their own development paths, the needs of consumers from all walks of life can be met, thereby increasing the sales volume of the silk market. Therefore, strengthening the research on the key points of mulberry planting and silkworm breeding technology can effectively increase farmers' economic income.

2. What is the profit from planting ten acres of mulberry trees and raising silkworms?

Ten acres of mulberry trees can support 30 silkworm beds, each of which can produce 100 kilograms of cocoons. Based on the market price of 30 yuan per kilogram of cocoons, the total profit can be around 90,000 yuan.

3. Profit

The income from raising one batch of silkworms is about 48,800 yuan. If six batches are raised a year, the total profit is 292,800 yuan.

The market price of Shimu is basically stable at around 30 yuan per catty. Of course, the price will vary slightly due to the distribution of production areas and market demand. But the overall fluctuation is not large. In addition, there are some processed products made of silk and silk cocoons, and the prices in the market are also different.

3. What are the material management techniques for mulberry planting and silkworm breeding?

Choose a site with deep, loose, fertile soil, away from pollution, and with irrigation and drainage capabilities. It is best to choose a paddy field. In addition, mulberry trees can be planted in scattered mountains, slopes, river beaches, etc.

Planting: Generally, it is better to plant in winter and early spring, and the soil temperature must be stable at around 10-12℃.

Management: Water promptly to prevent drought and remove stagnant water. Loosen the soil after a certain period of time, especially after rain, as the soil tends to become compacted. Combine this with weeding.

4. When to plant mulberry trees for silkworm breeding?

Mulberry trees can be used for silkworm rearing two years after planting. Mulberry seedlings are planted mainly in winter and early spring, usually in spring. It is understood that the new mulberry seedlings of the year can bear fruit in April-June of the second year after grafting. If you want to raise silkworms, as long as the mulberry seedlings have leaves, they can basically be picked to feed the silkworms.

In spring, the seedlings need to be transplanted and the roots need to be protected to avoid drying, mildew and frostbite. In addition, they must be watered and irrigated in time to ensure survival.

In areas with convenient irrigation and drainage, water should be applied appropriately according to the dryness of the soil and local climate characteristics. If there is sufficient rainfall, attention should also be paid to drainage to avoid root waterlogging.

5. Can I raise silkworms in the first year of planting mulberry trees?

You cannot raise silkworms in the first year of planting mulberry trees. You can only feed silkworms after the mulberry trees are two years old. The amount of leaves to be harvested should be determined according to the strength of the tree. Do not harvest too many leaves, which will affect the growth of the tree.

Mulberry trees have a long life span and can produce high yields for more than ten years. Therefore, when establishing a new mulberry garden, we must adapt to local conditions, make comprehensive plans, and plant in large areas to develop sericulture production into a base.

The purpose of planting mulberry is to raise silkworms, so you should choose land with good fertilizer and water conditions. You should choose mature soil, fertile soil, deep soil layer, flat ground, mature slope land and semi-dry paddy fields that can be irrigated and drained. It is not suitable to plant in places with factories nearby. Tobacco cannot be planted near mulberry gardens. There should be a certain distance from rice and orchards to avoid spraying pesticides to pollute mulberry leaves and cause silkworm poisoning. Before planting mulberry, deep plowing and maturation should be carried out, 5-8 inch furrows should be opened, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied. It is required to apply 50-60 dan of ash manure per mu, and cover with a layer of topsoil about 3 inches after application, and mix it appropriately to avoid burning the mulberry roots.

6. How long does it take to raise silkworms after planting mulberry trees?

Silkworms can be raised 2 years after mulberry seedlings are planted.

The planting time of mulberry seedlings is mainly concentrated in winter and early spring, and they are generally planted in spring. It is understood that the new mulberry seedlings can bear fruit in April-June of the second year after grafting. If you want to raise silkworms, as long as the mulberry seedlings have leaves, they can basically be picked to feed the silkworms. Therefore, after the mulberry seedlings are planted, silkworms can be raised in the second year.

7. What are the prospects and profits of mulberry planting and silkworm breeding in 2022?

The main products of silkworm breeding and selling are cocoons and silk, because the main products purchased in the market are processed products such as silk and silk. With the rapid development of the silk industry in recent years, the demand for silk and cocoons is steadily increasing, which also promotes the market profit space of silkworms. In fact, mulberry and silkworm breeding, one acre can breed 3 silkworm beds, and each large silkworm bed can bring 100 catties of silkworm cocoons. 3 silkworm beds can produce 300 catties of silkworm cocoons. According to the current market price of silkworm cocoons of 30 yuan/jin, the first batch can bring an income of 9,000 yuan, and the net profit income after deducting the cost is 4,200 yuan, which is only the income brought by breeding one batch. More than 6 batches can be bred in a year. According to 6 batches, the annual income of planting one acre of mulberry trees is 25,200 yuan. What if I plant three or four acres? Then, the annual income is 75,600 yuan to 100,800 yuan.

Judging from the profit analysis, this income is quite high. However, planting mulberry and raising silkworms only requires more investment in the early stage. After the second year, the investment will be much less and the profit will be higher. In general, planting mulberry and raising silkworms is easy to manage, the cost is only a few thousand yuan, and the breeding efficiency is quite good. It can be said to be an agricultural project worth promoting.