CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to raise silkworms best?

1. What is the best way to raise silkworms?

1. Management of silkworm cages. Silkworms are usually raised in cages, which is convenient for management and growth. Considering the fragility of silkworms, first of all, the silkworm cages must be disinfected in place. It is best to expose them to the sun for a few days after disinfection to achieve the effect of natural disinfection. Secondly, do not choose materials with strong water absorption, as silkworms prefer a relatively dry environment. Secondly, the location of the silkworm cage should not be in a place with too bright light, as this is not conducive to the growth of silkworms.

2. Feeding and management. The mulberry leaves fed to silkworms in different time periods are also different, so special attention should be paid. In order to ensure the initial development, the mulberry leaves in the early stage must be relatively fresh and tender. Silkworms do not need water when feeding, and their water source all comes from mulberry leaves, so try to feed them fresh mulberry leaves each time, and drain the water from the leaves. The feeding time is generally from 7 am to about 10 pm, with 4 to 5 feedings in between. The mulberry leaves must cover the silkworms, which is conducive to eating. The thickness is generally about 3-4 layers of mulberry leaves.

3. Environmental management. Silkworms are sensitive to light and temperature. In the early stage, young silkworms should generally avoid exposure to light. In the presence of light, the hatching process is slow and the temperature should be controlled at around 25-30℃. In the early stage after hatching, the temperature should be kept at around 30-33℃. At this time, the control of light can be slightly loose, but continuous bright light should still be avoided as much as possible. In the middle and late stages, the temperature should be controlled at around 25℃. At this time, a bright environment can be maintained occasionally, but it should still be mainly dim.

4. Precautions. First of all, silkworms are very fragile. Once diarrhea occurs, it is a very serious problem for silkworms. They must be isolated in time to avoid further impact. Secondly, the feces should be cleaned. In order to avoid harm to the silkworms during cleaning, it is recommended not to clean too many times. Generally, cleaning is done when the silkworm feces accumulate too deep. Secondly, the remaining stems of mulberry leaves must be cleaned in time to avoid harming the silkworms. Finally, the environment for raising silkworms must be kept relatively ventilated to avoid being too stuffy.

2. How to raise silkworms?

Steps/Methods

1. Preliminary preparation: Prepare the silkworm room and silkworm tools after planting mulberry leaves; 7 days before raising silkworms, spray and disinfect with 1% strong chlorine, half a pound of liquid per square meter, and seal it for more than 24 hours after spraying. At the same time, the environment around the silkworm room should be sprayed and disinfected.

2. Mulberry leaves: When raising silkworms, it is important to note that the mulberry leaves should be fresh. Do not use mulberry leaves that have been stored for too long for feeding. Stale mulberry leaves can easily cause diseases in the silkworms.

3. Temperature: Silkworms are temperature-changing animals, and their adaptability range is 20-30℃. In the spring, silkworms often encounter low-temperature and humid climates, so the focus is on replenishing warmth and removing moisture. In the summer, silkworms encounter high-temperature and high-humidity climates, so the focus is on cooling and removing moisture, keeping the air in the silkworm room flowing, and removing stuffiness. In the autumn, if the weather is hot and dry, you need to replenish moisture indoors.

4. Accelerate the growth of silkworm eggs: About the eighth day after the silkworm eggs are taken out of the warehouse, you can see a small black dot at one end of the egg, which is called the green dot. If 20% of the eggs on a sheet of silkworm eggs have the green dot, use a black cloth to block the light. Counting from the day of the green dot, remove the black cloth at 5 o'clock in the morning on the third day and turn on the light for photosensitive incubation.

5. Disease prevention: Silkworms are prone to many diseases, so prevention is generally the main approach. After an illness occurs, special agents should be used for disinfection. At the same time, sick silkworms should not be thrown around randomly, as they are highly contagious.

6. Management: When feeding mulberry leaves, it is best to feed 2-3 times a day. Secondly, no incense is allowed in the breeding room, and mosquito coils, perfumes and other things with strong odors are not allowed to be placed in the breeding room to prevent the death of the silkworms.

7. Hygiene: When there is too much accumulation of silkworm feces, bacteria are very easy to breed and spread. Silkworm feces must be cleaned up in time, usually on the same day. In addition, the silkworm skins shed and the leftover mulberry leaves must be cleaned out in time.

3. How to raise silkworms to achieve high yield and good quality?

On the basis of traditional sericulture technology, all regions attach importance to seed production. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guizhou and other places had local silkworm varieties suitable for local ecological conditions. Among them, the excellent varieties in Yuhang, Xinchang, Xiaoshan and other places in Zhejiang were more famous, and later became the manufacturing base of modern silkworm seeds. Technically, the upper tribe uses high-shed clusters, and catches them as they grow old, and avoids using ground clusters. The "export dry" has been improved to "burn silkworms but not cocoons". When the leaves open in the third sleep, let them eat the leaves two or three times to save mulberry leaves, and the silk is tough and shiny. When there are few leaves, white rice powder can be mixed with mulberry leaves to feed silkworms, and the silk is white and tough. Pick autumn mulberry leaves, dry them, grind them into fine powder, and keep them in a dry place. When the leaves are wet in the rain during silkworm breeding, this leaf powder can be mixed with people, which has the effect of burning moisture, easy to be full, and saving leaves. These are all good ways to supplement food with substitute feed. In 1898, the Sericulture Institute was founded in Hangzhou. It learned foreign experience and theories in silkworm breeding, eliminated microparticle diseases, and used new methods to select and breed a number of new varieties such as Qingzhu, Xinyuan, Zhugui, and Hongqing. Hongqing was hybridized with Zhugui to breed China's earliest improved variety Qinggui, which accounted for a large proportion at the time. Subsequently, various provinces established sericulture schools and sericulture experimental fields, which flourished for a time. Guangdong silkworm species are bivariate and polyvariate. Lianping area can raise seven or eight crops per year, and Shunde can raise six crops. The cocoon color can be divided into gold and silver. The silver variety is suitable for summer and autumn silkworms. Jiangnan silkworm species are called Dazao, and the silkworm body and cocoon shape are larger than the common species. Sichuan and Shandong use monovariate yellow cocoon varieties, which also account for a certain proportion in China.

1. Sericulture - Sericulture Technology

1. Spray mulberry leaves to feed silkworms

Add 5 ml of fermentation liquid to 1 kg of water, spray 10 kg of mulberry leaves and add food, once a day. Silkworms love to eat, their feces are not smelly, they grow fast, their cocoons are thick and of good quality, and can increase production by about 10%.

2. Spray the silkworm body to cool down and relieve heat

In summer, the temperature is high and silkworms are prone to illness. If the room temperature is too high, silkworms are prone to heatstroke and death. In hot weather, add 5 ml of fermentation liquid to one pound of water and spray it on the silkworm body, once in the afternoon and once every day.

2. Spray mulberry leaves to keep fresh

In summer, the temperature is high, and the collected mulberry leaves will turn yellow and deteriorate if they are piled for a long time. In autumn, the climate is dry, and the collected mulberry leaves will dry and harden if they are kept for a long time. You can add 5 ml of fermentation liquid to one pound of water, use it to spray the mulberry leaves, and then put the mulberry leaves into a woven bag or pile them on the ground, cover them with plastic cloth, and they will still be as green as before after 24 hours.

3. Spray mulberry leaves to promote growth

Add 1-2 ml of fermentation liquid to 1 kg of water, and spray the mulberry leaves in the mulberry field 2-3 times a month. Adding 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate will have a better effect. It is best to spray until the mulberry leaves are completely wet without dripping water. Mulberry leaves grow fast, with thick and green leaves, which can increase production by 20-25%. It can also reduce diseases and insect pests.

Antibiotics cannot be used 6 hours before and after using the fermentation liquid of Vitality 99 Raw Yeast Agent. No matter how long the fermentation liquid is stored, as long as it still has a sweet and mellow aroma, it can be used. If it smells bad, it cannot be used.

2. Sericulture - Key Links

The treatment of sleep and wake-up is a very important silkworm breeding technology. Whether it is handled well or not is related to the health status and morbidity of silkworms, as well as the amount of cocoons produced. Therefore, the following technical links should be emphasized:

1. Sleep and eliminate at the right time

Young silkworms develop quickly, sleep quickly, and have a short sleep period. It is better to put down the sleeping net earlier. The fourth-instar silkworms have a long sleep period, so it is better to put down the net later. In hot and humid weather, it is better to put down the net earlier, and in cold and dry weather, it is better to put down the net later. It is better to put down the silkworms earlier in the morning and later in the afternoon. When there are a small number of (2-3) sleeping silkworms on the silkworm seat during the dormancy removal, sprinkle chaff ash or fresh lime powder (to make the silkworms climb up quickly), add the dormancy net, and give mulberry leaves (the mulberry leaves are slightly tender and ripe). After all the silkworms have climbed up, the dormancy removal can be carried out. If the dormancy net is added at night, mulberry leaves should be given once the next morning before dormancy removal.

2. Extraction of green tea in batches

After the silkworms are dormant, they are fed two mouthfuls of mulberry. All the silkworms are dormant and there is no need to lift them. The few weak and late-dormant silkworms are picked out by hand and eliminated. If half of them have not fallen asleep, the center-dividing method is used to divide the silkworms into two batches for dormancy. The method is: when half of the silkworms are dormant, add the dormancy net once and feed mulberry evenly, so that the silkworms can climb the net and move to the nest for feeding and dormancy. If the growth and development of the silkworms are uneven, the center-dividing method is used to separate the large number of silkworms in the dormant state, and the early-dormant and late-dormant silkworms are raised in the same nest when the silkworms are woken up and fed.

3. Management during sleep

After the silkworms fall asleep, they should be kept quiet, well ventilated, and protected from direct sunlight. In hot and humid weather, chaff ash or lime powder should be sprinkled on the silkworm beds to absorb moisture, which can prevent the growth of pathogens and prevent early-rising silkworms from eating the remaining mulberry leaves and causing uneven development.

4. Provide food at the right time

Feeding should be carried out late, that is, feeding when the silkworms have basically molted and 80-90% of the silkworms have light brown heads. In case of hot and humid weather or heavy rain, it is advisable to feed them earlier. Generally, feeding should be carried out 5-7 hours after waking. Before feeding at all ages, the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats should be disinfected, and then the nets should be put down and mulberry trees should be used. The mulberry trees should be fresh and tender.

5. Control daytime sleep

Controlling daytime sleep should focus on the third and fourth sleeps. Generally speaking, if the third sleep is daytime sleep, the big sleep is also daytime sleep, and if the third sleep is stepped on nighttime sleep, the big sleep will also be stepped on nighttime sleep. For silkworms that sleep during the day, mature silkworms will be at noon, so it is convenient to cluster.

6. Silkworm egg germination and ant harvesting

The silkworm eggs should be placed in a ventilated bamboo cage or wire rack. Do not use plastic film, cloth or newspaper to pack them to prevent the silkworm eggs from being suffocated. After receiving the eggs, immediately put them in the disinfected silkworm room for protection. Keep the indoor temperature at 22℃ on the 1st to 4th day, and keep it at 25℃ from the 5th day to the hatching period. If the indoor temperature is low in spring, add a brazier to heat up and keep warm (use charcoal, not firewood). The brazier should be more than 1 meter away from the silkworm eggs to avoid drying them to death. Remember to add water to moisten them when adding fire to heat up. On the 8th day of the acceleration, there will be a small black dot on one end of the silkworm eggs, which is called "pointing green". When 20% of the eggs in a sheet of silkworm eggs are point green, wrap the silkworm eggs with newspaper, hold the egg surface down, and shade them to make them black, so that the silkworm eggs develop uniformly. From the day of "pointing green", the eggs will turn green on the second day (the surface of the eggs will be gray), and the ants and silkworms will hatch on the third day. At 5 o'clock in the morning on the day of hatching, remove the shade, turn on the light to sense light, and promote uniform hatching. If there are late-hatching silkworm eggs, continue to shade them and make them black. Then, perform photosensitive ant harvesting at 5 a.m. the next day. Harvest the ants at the end. In spring, when the temperature is low, harvest the ants at around 10 a.m., and in summer and autumn, harvest the ants at around 8 a.m. The mulberry leaves used for harvesting the ants should be picked in the morning of the same day. Mulberry leaves should be selected when they are slightly tender and ripe. The amount of mulberry leaves used is 4-5 times the amount of ants harvested. Method of harvesting the ants: Sprinkle the cut mulberry leaves directly on the silkworm seed paper. After 10-15 minutes, the silkworms will crawl onto the mulberry leaves. Then pour the silkworms and the mulberry leaves onto the silkworm seat paper. Use goose feathers to spread the silkworms evenly. After harvesting the ants, disinfect the ants' bodies before giving them the second mulberry leaves. Use "No. 1 Disease Prevention" (special medicine for disinfecting the silkworm bodies, containing 1.25% formaldehyde for small silkworms and 2.5% formaldehyde for large silkworms) and evenly sprinkle the powder on the silkworm bodies in a gauze bag. The amount of medicine should be like a thin layer of frost. After 5 minutes, sprinkle a layer of burnt bran (rice husk burned into black) to separate the powder, and then apply the second round of mulberry leaves.

7. Cocoon

Before the silkworms form cocoons, their feces will be unusually large (each time they shed their skin, their feces will be larger, but this time they did not shed their skin), and you can see leaf particles in their feces, and the leaves seem to be almost undigested. Their bodies are transparent. These are all signs of cocooning.

Before cocooning begins, there is a procedure - drainage. The silkworms defecate, and this time it is urine, but sometimes urine and feces come out together, and the feces are yellow-white.

When making cocoons, they should be placed at an angle, not on a flat surface.

4. What is the best way to raise silkworms?

1. Temperature regulation

Silkworms require to be raised in a high temperature and humid environment. The suitable temperature for the growth of 1-2 year old silkworms is 26-27 degrees. You can put a plastic film on them to increase the temperature and humidity. When the silkworms grow to 3 years old, remove the plastic film.

2. Feed properly

Silkworms need to be fed four times a day. The feed is usually mainly mulberry leaves, which should be cut into small cubes before feeding to promote digestion. The moisture on the mulberry leaves should be wiped clean when feeding, otherwise the silkworms will die from food overload.

3. Sleep protection

The silkworm beds of silkworms in the middle stage of sleep should be dry enough. Lime powder can be sprinkled on them to maintain a relative humidity of 80%. When silkworms begin to emerge, the relative humidity can be increased to 85%.

4. Notes

During the process of raising silkworms, the silkworm room must be cleaned and the silkworm tools must also be cleaned. In addition, when picking mulberry leaves, pay attention to removing the tender heads of the new shoots to promote the maturation of the tender leaves and increase the yield of mulberry leaves.

5. What are the correct methods and techniques for raising silkworms?

1. Mulberry leaves should be picked, transported and stored properly. Try to pick leaves in the morning or evening, transport them as soon as they are picked, and pack them loosely for fast transportation. After the picked mulberry leaves are loosened, put them in the mulberry storage pool or mulberry storage room, and store them properly to prevent them from being blown away by the wind or piled up and heated and deteriorated, which will cause waste of mulberry leaves.

2. Prevent mulberry leaves from wilting. During the young silkworm stage, use a kang bed (room) and cover the mulberry leaves with plastic film to keep the temperature and moisture, so that the mulberry leaves remain fresh. During the adult silkworm stage, close the doors and windows appropriately after feeding the silkworms, and open the doors and windows for ventilation after the silkworms have eaten about 70% of the mulberry leaves, which can effectively prevent the mulberry leaves from wilting.

3. Ensure the temperature of the silkworm room. The suitable temperature for large and small silkworms is 24℃ and 25℃ respectively. Within the suitable temperature range, the silkworms have a strong appetite, which reduces the defective mulberry leaves and improves the leaf-silk conversion rate.

4. Promote less-return rearing and mulberry-strip rearing. Labor-saving silkworm rearing technologies such as flat three-dimensional rearing of small silkworms once a day, rearing of full-age silkworms twice, and rearing of large silkworms in mulberry strips not only improve the efficiency of silkworm rearing, but also help silkworms eat mulberry leaves, saving about 5% of mulberry leaves compared with ordinary rearing.

Additional information:

Summer and autumn silkworm breeding should pay attention to

1. Prevent pesticide poisoning. During the silkworm-raising season, do not spray organic pesticides such as dimethoate in the silkworm room and the fields near the mulberry fields, as the smell will cause poisoning to the silkworms; mulberry leaves should be fed to the silkworms only after they have been tested and confirmed to be non-toxic.

2. Mosquito-repellent incense or mosquito repellent or insecticide is prohibited in the silkworm room. If it is used in the house near the silkworm room, the doors and windows of the silkworm room should be closed to prevent the silkworms from being poisoned.

3. Screen doors and windows should be installed in the silkworm room to prevent flies from entering the room and harming the silkworms, and "silkworm fly killing" emulsion should be added or sprayed on the silkworm bodies to kill the maggots.