CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to write the little knowledge about silkworm breeding (How to write the little knowledge about silkworm breeding)

1. Information about silkworm breeding?

Preparation before raising silkworms:

On the basis of planting mulberry leaves, prepare the silkworm room and silkworm tools; 7 days before raising silkworms, spray and disinfect with 1% strong chlorine, half a pound of liquid per square meter, and seal it for more than 24 hours after spraying. At the same time, the environment around the silkworm room should be sprayed and disinfected.

Quickening:

Around the eighth day after the silkworm eggs were taken out of the warehouse, you can see a small black dot at one end of the egg, which is called "green dot". If 20% of the eggs on a sheet of silkworm eggs have green dots, use a black cloth to block out the light. Starting from the day of "green dots", the black cloth should be removed at 5 o'clock in the morning on the third day, and the lights should be turned on for photosensitive incubation.

Collecting ants:

After 3-4 hours of exposure, the spring silkworms can be harvested at 9 am, and the summer and autumn silkworms can be harvested at 7-8 am. Method of harvesting ants: Cut the first unfolded leaf of mulberry tree into 0.5 cm small squares, use about 5 times the amount of leaves as ants, and sprinkle them on a dustpan lined with plastic film. Hold the silkworm seed paper in one hand and the silkworm chopsticks in the other hand, and evenly pat the back of the silkworm seed paper to make the ants fall into the dustpan, then scrape the ants with goose feathers and arrange them into a round shape.

Rearing of silkworms:

1. Temperature and humidity adjustment: 1-3 years old are called young silkworms, and they require a high temperature and high humidity environment. The suitable temperature for 1-2 years old is 26-27 degrees and the relative humidity is 90%; therefore, 1-2 years old silkworms are fully dry-reared, that is, covered with plastic film and padded with plastic film; 3 years old silkworms are semi-dry-reared, that is, only covered without plastic film, and the temperature is kept at 26-27 degrees and the relative humidity is 85%.

2. Leaves for young silkworms: For 1-year-old silkworms, use the 3rd leaf from the top bud of the mulberry tree. The leaf color is yellow with green. For one silkworm of silkworm larvae, 1 kg of leaves are used; for 2-year-old silkworms, use the 4th leaf from the top bud. The leaf color is green with yellow. For one silkworm of silkworm larvae, 3 kg of leaves are used; for 3-year-old silkworms, use the 5th to 6th leaves from the top bud. The leaf color is light green and shiny. For one silkworm of silkworm larvae, 10 to 12 kg of leaves are used. For 1st and 2nd instar silkworms, cut the mulberry leaves into small cubes 1.5 times the length of the silkworm body. For 3rd instar silkworms, cut the mulberry leaves into triangles for feeding. The amount of mulberry leaves fed each time should be appropriate, leaving a small amount of residual mulberry leaves on the silkworm seat before the next feeding.

3. Frequency and time of feeding mulberry: Feed 4 times a day, at 7 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m., and 10 p.m. respectively. Young silkworms grow and develop quickly, so each feeding should be combined with expanding the seat.

4. Treatment before sleeping: (1) Desanding before sleeping: When the body color of young silkworms turns white, their bodies shorten, their bodies become tense and shiny, and part of the bodies of first-instar silkworms are covered with silkworm feces, and second- and third-instar silkworms are carrying silkworms, you can add nets to the mulberry trees to remove sand before sleeping. (2) Raising silkworms: If some silkworms have already fallen asleep and some have not, you should add nets to the mulberry trees again to lure up the silkworms that have not fallen asleep and move them to another winnowing basket to continue feeding until they fall asleep.

5. Protection during dormancy: In the early stage of dormancy, the silkworm seats should be dry. Lime powder should be sprinkled on the seats to maintain a relative humidity of 80%. When the silkworms begin to hatch, the room should be humid and the relative humidity should be maintained at 85%. If the humidity is not enough, water can be sprinkled on the ground to supplement moisture.

6. Feeding after waking up: When more than 95% of the sleeping silkworms have shed their skins, their heads have turned from grayish white to brown and have become noticeably larger. The young silkworms are crawling around looking for food. At this time, they can be fed. The mulberry leaves used as food should be slightly tender, and the amount of mulberry leaves given should be relatively small.

Silkworm breeding:

1. Rearing method: 4-5-year-old silkworms are in the adult stage, and the suitable growth temperature is 25 degrees. Silkworms have weak resistance to high temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide, eat a lot of mulberry leaves and excrete a lot. They can be raised on the ground indoors or on outdoor sheds.

2. Move the silkworms to the ground: Clean the silkworm room, disinfect it with 1% bleaching powder, and after it is dry, sprinkle a layer of lime powder on the ground. After feeding the silkworms a meal of leaves, move them to the ground for feeding.

3. Reasonable mulberry feeding: The 4th instar silkworm is the transition period from the growth of the silkworm body to the growth of the silk gland. If the silkworm is malnourished, it will affect the yield and quality. The mulberry leaves should be fresh and of good quality. Select 7-15 leaves under the top bud for feeding to achieve the purpose of good mulberry. The amount of mulberry used by the 5th instar silkworm accounts for about 85% of the total amount of mulberry. This period is the key period for reasonable use of mulberry and improving the efficiency of mulberry leaves. The feeding method of tight at both ends and loose in the middle is adopted: on the 1st to 2nd day or the 5th to 7th day of the 5th instar, the amount of leaves should be strictly controlled until the silkworms have just finished eating the mulberry leaves next time. On the 3rd to 6th day, the silkworms should be fully fed with good mulberry. Each time the silkworms are fed with leaves, the silkworms are moved and the seats are expanded to keep the silkworm heads even.

4. Keep the silkworm seats clean: During the early stage of silkworm growth, use fresh lime powder to disinfect the silkworm bodies and seats every morning. On rainy days, when the humidity is high, sprinkle lime powder twice a day to keep the silkworms ventilated and dry.

5. Collecting cocoons: After 6-7 days, the fifth-instar silkworms stop eating mulberry leaves and excrete a lot of soft green feces. Their chests are transparent, their bodies are slightly soft and waxy yellow, and their heads swing left and right. At this time, select 3-4 square clusters and overlap them horizontally. Sprinkle the mature silkworms evenly on the clusters, and hang the clusters up after the silkworms have settled. Good ventilation should be maintained during the clustering period, and the temperature in the cluster should be maintained at 24 degrees and the humidity at 85%. Generally, the cocoons can be collected and sold 6 days after the spring silkworms are clustered, and 4-5 days after the summer and autumn silkworms are clustered.

2. Some basic knowledge about silkworm rearing?

After receiving the silkworm seeds, place the silkworm eggs in a small box for hatching;

After the larvae are born, put them into another box with a brush or soft brush and feed them some mulberry leaves (not wet ones).

Before the silkworms make cocoons, a small grid is built to allow them to make cocoons.

3. What should we pay attention to when raising silkworms?

Details to pay attention to when raising silkworms

1. Remove sand before dormancy. This is to avoid excessive accumulation of silkworm feces, which can easily breed and spread pathogens and invade the silkworms during their dormancy.

2. Silkworms do not eat or move during the dormant period. They mainly rely on the nutrients absorbed by eating mulberry before dormancy to maintain their life activities. Therefore, they must sleep when they are full. If you stop feeding mulberry too early, they will starve to sleep. Starved silkworms are weak in constitution, poor in resistance, and prone to illness.

3. Silkworms are less resistant to external interference during their dormancy, so you must pay attention to their protection during dormancy. When 95% of the silkworms have fallen asleep, sprinkle them with fresh lime powder and silkworm medicine "Disease Prevention No. 1" to prevent pathogens from invading. If a small number of silkworms do not eat mulberry and do not sleep, it is because they have not found a place to sleep. At this time, add some mulberry leaves to help them sleep in batches.

4. Silkworms are temperature-changing animals, and their adaptability range is 20-30℃. In the spring silkworm period, the climate is often low and humid, so the focus is on replenishing warmth and removing moisture. In the summer silkworm period, the climate is hot and humid, so the focus is on cooling and removing moisture, keeping the air in the silkworm room flowing, and removing the stuffiness. In the autumn silkworm period, if the weather is hot and dry, it is necessary to replenish moisture indoors and combine disinfection, that is, spray the ground and walls with fresh lime powder and bleaching powder; you can also hang a wet cloth on the silkworm rack to keep the silkworm room moist to prevent the silkworms from having difficulty molting or half molting.

4. Top ten tips for raising silkworms?

Silkworm breeding method

1. Do a good job in disinfection and disease prevention

Because the interval between silkworm breeding in summer is short, pathogens are fresh and large in quantity, and are easy to infect, we should pay attention to environmental sanitation and thoroughly disinfect the silkworm room and silkworm tools. You can spray disinfectant first, then clean and wash them. When spraying, pay attention to the dosage and spray all the surfaces. Strictly implement the "three disinfection principles" (that is, thoroughly disinfect before silkworm breeding, continue disinfection during silkworm breeding, and disinfect immediately after silkworm breeding), and carry out disinfection and disease prevention throughout the entire silkworm breeding process.

When harvesting leaves for summer silkworms, attention should be paid to the safe interval of pesticide application. Mulberry leaves from areas where pesticides are applied must be harvested and fed after the residual period has expired. Only after they are proven to be non-toxic can leaves be harvested for feeding. Summer silkworms should be protected from flies and rats to avoid losses.

2. Adjust the room temperature for silkworm rearing

According to the characteristics of summer climate, take corresponding measures to adjust and improve the silkworm breeding environment. In hot and humid weather, pay attention to ventilation, and cool down and moisturize when it is hot and dry. Plastic film can be used to cover the young silkworms, which can keep warm and moisturize, which is conducive to the healthy development of silkworms. In the adult silkworm period, choose a tall, spacious and well-ventilated house to prevent stuffiness. Plant trees and build a pergola around the silkworm house to reduce radiation.

3. Do a good job in mulberry leaf management

The quality of mulberry leaves is directly related to whether the summer silkworm harvest is good or not. We should strengthen the fertilization and pest control of mulberry trees to promote the growth of mulberry trees. During the young silkworm period (1 to 3 years old), it is key to pick the leaves that are ripe, with the color being pure green and soft to the touch as the standard. When collecting mulberry leaves for ants, you should choose mulberry leaves that are ripe and tender, and avoid using leaves that are not exposed to enough sunlight, old leaves, wilted leaves, diseased and insect-infested leaves, and mulberry leaves contaminated by pesticides. The leaves for summer silkworms should be picked in the morning before the dew dries or in the evening. Leaves must not be picked in the middle of the day (except on rainy days). The picked mulberry leaves should be picked and transported quickly to prevent the mulberry leaves from emitting moisture and withering. Pay special attention to not stacking mulberry leaves too high or too thick to prevent them from rotting.

4. Do a good job in feeding management

First, the transportation of silkworm eggs. When transporting silkworm eggs, do not pile them up or pile them up, and try to avoid contact with high temperatures. The transportation of silkworm eggs should be carried out in the morning and evening, and they should be spread out in time after being brought back to prevent accumulation and heating. When distributing silkworm eggs, try to do it in the morning and evening. Silkworm eggs should not come into contact with pesticides and all harmful gases to prevent silkworm poisoning.

Second, feed the young silkworms. Plastic film can be used to cover the silkworms. Silkworms grow and develop quickly, so the area of ​​silkworm seats should be expanded in advance to prevent them from being crowded and hungry. Disinfect the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats with fresh lime powder or 2% effective chlorine anti-stiffness powder every day. Add 500 times diluted silkworm disease sterilization spirit, Yijiling, and Kejunxing to feed the young silkworms when they wake up. Use 0.3% effective chlorine to soak or spray the leaves for disinfection, dehydrate, and dry them before feeding them.

Three-catch adult silkworm rearing. During the period, three sparse should be achieved: the silkworm racks in the silkworm room are sparsely connected, the silkworm foils on the silkworm racks are sparsely placed, and the silkworm heads in the silkworm foils are sparsely placed. This is conducive to ventilation, lowering the temperature, and ensuring that the silkworms are fully fed. During the adult silkworm period, especially during the hot and humid period, the silkworm litter should be removed frequently to keep the silkworm seats clean and dry. During the adult silkworm period, labor-saving silkworm rearing should be implemented. During the adult silkworm period, 300 times the liquid of fly-killing tablets should be sprayed on the silkworm bodies and 500 times the liquid should be added to the food to prevent maggots from harming them.

Fourth, cluster management. In order to reduce labor costs, it is advisable to adopt automated cluster technology. The specific method is: when the silkworms develop evenly and 5-10% of the silkworms are mature, use 4-6 pieces of Chuanto for each silkworm seed and mix 20-30 jin of mulberry leaves with cold boiled water (4-6 pieces with 1-1.5 jin of water), feed the silkworms at 10-12 pm, and no longer feed mulberry leaves. At 10-12 am the next day, sprinkle some straw or silk nets on the silkworm seat, and put plastic clusters or square clusters on the silkworm seat to let the mature silkworms automatically cluster and make cocoons. After clustering, strengthen the ventilation and dehumidification of the cluster room (use electric fans to dehumidify if conditions permit), so that the cluster room, cluster tools, and environment are dry, improve the yield and quality of silk cocoons, and ensure stable and high yields of summer silkworms.

5. What are the correct methods and techniques for raising silkworms?

Silkworm eggs: Silkworms reproduce by laying eggs. Silkworm eggs look like fine sesame seeds, about 1 mm wide and 0.5 mm thick. A female moth can lay 400-500 silkworm eggs, 1700-2000 silkworm eggs, weighing about 1 gram. The color of silkworm eggs is light yellow or yellow when they are just laid, and turns into light red bean color or red bean color after 1-2 days, and then turns into gray-green or purple after 3-4 days. It will no longer change, which is called fixed color. The outer layer of silkworm eggs is a hard eggshell, and inside is yolk and serosal membrane. The embryo in the fertilized egg continuously absorbs nutrients during the development process and gradually develops into an ant silkworm. It crawls out of the eggshell, and the eggshell becomes white or light yellow after it is empty.

Ant silkworm: When the silkworm hatches from the egg, its body is brown or reddish brown, very small, and has many fine hairs, which looks a bit like an ant, so it is called an ant silkworm. The ant silkworm is about 2 mm long and 0.5 mm wide. After it crawls out of the egg shell, it will eat mulberry leaves after 2 to 3 hours.

The sleeping nature of silkworms: Silkworms eat a lot of mulberry, so they grow very fast and their body color gradually fades. But their appetite gradually decreases or even completely stops eating. They spit out a small amount of silk, fix their abdomen and feet on the silkworm seat, raise their head and chest, and stop moving, as if they are asleep. This is called "sleeping". The sleeping silkworms may seem motionless on the outside, but they are preparing to shed their skin inside. After shedding the old skin, the silkworms enter a new age. From ant silkworms to spinning silk cocoons, they shed their skin four times in total. Having the sleep nature is one of the growth characteristics of silkworms. Sleep nature is a genetic trait of silkworms and is also affected by the environment. The silkworms currently raised in my country belong to the four-sleeping varieties.

Silkworm age: also known as age, which indicates the development stage of the silkworm. From the ant silkworm to the first molt is the first age; after waking up from sleep, it enters the second age; after molting again, it enters the third age; after the third molt, it enters the fourth age, and the fourth molt is also called the long sleep. After the long sleep, it enters the fifth age. The fifth-age silkworm grows very fast, with a body length of 6 to 7 cm and a weight of about 10,000 times the weight of the ant silkworm.

Mature silkworms: When silkworms reach the end of the fifth instar, they gradually show the characteristics of maturity: first, the feces they excrete change from hard to soft, and from dark green to leaf green; their appetite decreases, and the amount of food they eat decreases; the front digestive tract is empty, and the chest becomes transparent; then they stop eating completely, their bodies shorten, and their abdomens tend to be transparent; their head and chest are raised, they spit out silk threads from their mouths, and they swing left and right and up and down to find a place to build their cocoons. Such silkworms are called mature silkworms.

Cocooning during the adult stage: People put mature silkworms in special containers or on cocoons, and the silkworms will spin silk and make cocoons.

Cocooning can be divided into four processes: 1. The mature silkworms first spit out silk, which is bonded to the cocooning device, and then spit out silk to connect the surrounding cocoon branches to form a cocooning support, that is, a cocooning net. The cocooning net does not have a cocoon shape, but is just some soft and messy cocoon silk layers to serve as a support for cocooning. 2. After the silkworms make a cocooning net, they continue to spit out messy silk circles to thicken the inner layer of the cocoon net, and then spit out silk in an S-shaped manner, and the outline of the cocoon begins to appear, which is called a cocooning coat. The silk fibers of the cocoon coat are fine and brittle, arranged very irregularly, and have a high content of sericin. 3. After the cocoon coat is formed, the cocoon cavity gradually becomes smaller, and the front and rear ends of the silkworm body bend back to form a "C" shape. The silkworm continues to spit out cocoon silk, and the spinning method changes from S shape to ∞ shape, which begins the process of forming a cocoon layer. 4. When the silkworm's body is greatly reduced due to a large amount of silk spinning, the swing speed of the head and thorax slows down, and there is no certain rhythm. The spinning begins to appear messy, forming a loose and soft cocoon silk layer, called a pupa lining.

6. Ten things to know about silkworms?

Silkworm egg hatching

Newly laid silkworm eggs are light yellow in color. They appear flat and slightly oval when viewed through a magnifying glass. They are about 1 mm long when measured with a ruler. If left at room temperature, they will gradually turn purple-black.

Growth of silkworms

1.

Silkworms have a large appetite. From the time they are ants, they eat all day and night and grow very fast. Every few days, they stop eating and stay still, as if they are sleeping. This is hibernation. Then they molt. This process is repeated four times. After molting four times, they will start to spin silk and make cocoons.

2.

The color of the silkworm's head begins to darken, indicating that it is about to molt. After molting, the silkworm's skin looks more tender and its body is larger.

Silkworms spinning silk and making cocoons

1. After molting, silkworms become less interested in eating mulberry leaves and their bodies become shorter. At the same time, their body color turns yellow and becomes transparent, and their skin becomes tight. They may be about to start spinning silk and making cocoons. At this time, you need to prepare small grids for them to make cocoons.

2. Silkworms like to spin silk and make cocoons in corners.

3. When you find that the silkworms are about to spin silk, it is best to use cardboard to divide the breeding box into many squares so that the silkworms can spin silk in the squares.

4. The silkworm will first secure its position in a corner and then wrap itself up.

5. The cocoon will be formed after half a day. After another day, the silkworm in the middle can no longer be seen. After about two days, the cocoon is completed.

Silkworm cocoons and chrysalis

1. Silkworm cocoons are oval in shape. The size of each cocoon is not exactly the same, ranging from three to four in size, and some are yellow and some are white.

2. Carefully cut open the cocoon, you can see the skin shed by the fifth-instar silkworm and the light brown, segmented body of the silkworm pupa. In addition to the individual pores on the surface of the pupa, you can also vaguely see the patterns on the wings.

Silkworm laying eggs

1. After the silkworms make cocoons, about ten to fifteen days later, one end of the cocoon becomes wet, and the moth will break the cocoon from here.

2. At this time, the moth's wet wings are wrinkled, and it flaps its wings while walking. The wings will slowly expand and unfold like a balloon, and it will take about an hour for the wings to harden.

3. After emerging from their pupae, silkworm moths will no longer eat and will mate after their wings have hardened.

4. Each female moth lays about 300-400 eggs.

5. The purpose of silkworms transforming into moths is to mate and lay eggs.