CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How to manage the temporarily raised eels on a daily basis and how to fatten them?

How should we manage the temporarily raised eels on a daily basis and how should we fatten them?

Be sure to pay attention to the temperature and the supply of bait, and change the water on time to remove parasites in the eel, which can help fatten it better.

It needs to be determined based on the actual growth conditions, attention needs to be paid to water replacement, and attention needs to be paid to the scientific ratio of bait, so that fattening can be achieved better.

First, remove the parasites in the intestines, then choose better bait to use, and change the water every seven or eight days.

What are the better ways to temporarily raise eels?

There are three main ways to temporarily raise eels: earth ponds, cement ponds (with or without soil), and cages. If cages are used, appropriate observation ponds should be built to facilitate early observation and screening. After sick and weak eels are removed from the observation ponds, they can be graded by size and put into ponds or cages to start breeding.

How to determine stocking density?

We once put about 1,000 eel fry weighing about 20 grams in a 10-square-meter eel pond. We have been breeding in the pond for two years. The weight of each eel is 200-300 grams. The total eel production in the pond is 193 kilograms, and the average eel production per square meter is nearly 20 kilograms. This is probably the highest density of eel breeding in cement ponds in China. In the later breeding process, due to the large amount of excretion, we not only use running water, but also often sprinkle EM bacteria liquid to create a barely maintainable state. Of course, this is just an experiment. Generally, when breeding, farmers should control their output within 8-10 kilograms per square meter. For farmers with good water source conditions and high technical level, the output per square meter should not exceed 12 kilograms, because under ultra-high density breeding conditions, the water quality deteriorates quickly, and eels are entangled and piled up. If they are not handled properly, they are likely to induce diseases. When purchasing eels for breeding, the weight gain is generally 1-4 times per year. If we start breeding in April of the same year, it is appropriate to put less than 2 kg per square meter. The later we start breeding, the more fry we can put in, but it is best not to exceed 5 kg. The stocking density should be lower for beginners to ensure smooth eel breeding.

Is it necessary to raise loaches in the eel pond?

Although loaches are active and can play a certain role in increasing dissolved oxygen in water, preventing eels from getting entangled with each other, and cleaning eel feed. However, due to the fact that loaches grab food quickly while eels eat slowly, we do not agree with the mixed breeding of eels and loaches in breeding. The reasons are as follows: 1. The rapid snatching of loaches by loaches will bring difficulties to the normal feeding of eels, resulting in unsuccessful feeding. 2. It is not conducive to observing the feeding situation of eels. Loaches have a large appetite. If 10-20% of loaches are mixed in a pond, if the eels in the pond eat very little because the feed is not palatable or suffer from enteritis, the remaining feed can be swept away by the loaches in the pond, making it impossible for us to discover the shortcomings of our feed or the eels are sick in time. 3. Mixed breeding of loaches increases the possibility of eels being infected with diseases and pests. The two types of fish have different types of parasites in their bodies, and raising them together increases the chance of cross-infection and the possibility of disease and pest infection on both sides.

How to better solve the eel feed problem?

The problem of eel feed can be solved according to local conditions. For example, Zou Sihong, a student in Dali, Yunnan, was able to obtain a large amount of beef lungs and other internal organs because his uncle ran a beef slaughterhouse. Mr. Zou mainly used beef internal organs and added an appropriate amount of fish feed to increase the weight of eels by nearly 1,000 kilograms, spending only a few hundred yuan on feed. Mr. Xie from Beihai, Guangxi, used the abundant and cheap local clam meat as the main ingredient to feed eels, and also controlled the growth cost of eels to less than 3 yuan. Mr. He from Yiyang, Hunan, took advantage of the abundance of small fish in the local area and mainly raised eels with small fish, and the feed cost was also relatively low. Solving the problem of eel feed should also vary from person to person. Mr. Qin from Binyang, Guangxi, had just entered society and had no money to buy feed, so he relied on pulling pig manure and chicken manure from nearby farms, mixing them with sugarcane bagasse for fermentation, and vigorously developing earthworm and maggot farming. He almost entirely relied on cultivated movable feed to raise eels. Last year, he sold more than 1,300 kilograms of large-sized eels and earned more than 40,000 yuan, but did not spend a penny on buying feed.

Can ordinary fish feed be used to raise eels?

Since there are too few manufacturers of special compound feed for eels at present, it is not easy for eel farmers to buy directly, and because of the long distance, even if they buy, they must bear high transportation costs, which invisibly increases the breeding cost. In addition, the current price of special feed for eels is high, nearly 8,000 yuan per ton. The cost of raising eels by purchasing special feed currently on the market can reach 8-10 yuan per catty. Even in Jiangsu Province, where the selling price of eels is relatively high, it is difficult for farmers to accept it. Therefore, the sales of special feed for eels in the country are currently very limited. And the sales volume is small, so the price of eel feed cannot be cheap. In the process of our own breeding and training of trainees, we have been looking for a feed solution that is both convenient and can make the feed cost low. After repeated experiments, we found that many ordinary fish feeds can be used to raise eels, such as eel feed, river fish feed, mullet feed, carp feed, frog feed, tilapia feed, etc. As long as the animal protein content is high and the protein level is above 35%, almost all fish feed can be used to raise eels.

What are the advantages of using eel concentrate?

Although common fish feed can be used to feed eels, its feed conversion rate is still not ideal. Generally, when carp feed plus earthworms are used for feeding, 3-4 catties of feed are needed to make eels gain 1 catty. When eels and river pellet feed are used for feeding, 2-3 catties of feed are needed to make eels gain 1 catty. The feed cost of each catty of eels is between 6-8 yuan. After consulting experts in animal nutrition, it was found that the fundamental reason affecting the feed conversion rate is that the requirements of eels for nutrients such as amino acids are much higher than those of other common fish. In order to make the feed level meet the growth needs of eels on the basis of common fish feed, we have successfully trial-produced a special concentrated feed for eels after repeated comparative tests, and will put it into mass production at the end of 2003. By using this concentrated feed, the feed cost of the eel can generally be controlled within 4 yuan. The eel eats fast and is less likely to develop enteritis. Common parasites such as acanthocephalians in the intestines are also gone. The amount of food eaten and the growth rate have also increased significantly compared to before the concentrated feed was used.

How to raise golden coin turtles?

The head of the golden coin is long and slender, the back of the head is waxy yellow, the top is smooth and scaleless, the snout is blunt, the upper rafter is slightly curved, the throat and neck are light orange-red, and there are angular brown spots behind the eyes on the side of the head. The carapace is reddish brown with three black vertical stripes, resembling the Chinese character "川", with a longer central stripe (no in the juvenile), and the front and rear edges are smooth and not serrated. The plastron is black with yellow edges, and the dorsal and ventral carapaces, the pectoral shield and the ventral shield are connected by ligaments, and the turtle shell can be completely closed. The skin of the armpits, limbs, and tail is orange-red, and there are webs between the fingers and toes.

Identification of sex: The female turtle carapace is wider, the tail is thin and short, the base of the tail is thin, the anus is closer to the rear edge of the plastron, and the notch formed by the two anal shields of the plastron is shallow. The male turtle carapace is narrower, the tail is thick and long, the base of the tail is thick, the anus is farther from the rear edge of the plastron, and the notch formed by the two anal shields of the plastron is deeper.

Distribution: In my country, it is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao and other places; abroad, it is mainly distributed in subtropical countries and regions such as Vietnam.

Living habits: Golden coin turtles like to choose shaded places to live and have the habit of living in groups. In the production area, the temperature is relatively low from November to March of the following year, and they often hide in the dark and do not eat or move; in April, the temperature gradually rises and they begin to move; from May to October, the temperature rises, the range of activities expands, and the appetite increases. After November, the temperature drops significantly, the activity decreases, and they gradually enter a hibernation state.

The growth temperature of the golden coin turtle is between 24-32℃. When the water temperature is 28℃, it will float to breathe once every 20 minutes in the water; when the water temperature is 25℃, it will float to breathe once every 26 minutes; when the water temperature is below 12, it will enter hibernation.

When the pH value is moderate, the following is the effect of water temperature on turtles:

Below 4℃ – Frozen to death

Below 10℃ - Hibernation

16℃ - Food intake decreases significantly

36℃ - Start not eating

45℃ - Death from heat

Diet: Golden coin turtles are omnivorous. In nature, they mainly prey on aquatic animals such as snails, fish, shrimps, tadpoles, etc. They also eat young mice, young frogs, beetles, snails and fly maggots. Sometimes they also eat pumpkins, bananas and tender stems and leaves of plants. Under artificial breeding conditions, they like to eat animal viscera, earthworms, lean meat, small fish and mixed feed.

Market dynamics: Golden coin turtle is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, and has always been regarded as a precious tonic in the southern region. At the same time, it has a very high ornamental value. Since golden coin turtles have a wide range of uses in food, medicine, and ornamental purposes, and the number of wild turtles is scarce, except for deep mountains and old forests, the three-lined box turtles in plains and hilly areas have become extinct. Therefore, in 1988, my country has listed golden coin turtles as national second-class wild protected animals. Therefore, the value of golden coin turtles has doubled, and the price is expensive, rising year by year, reaching 3,000 to 4,500 yuan per 500 grams. The price of golden coin turtles with golden heads and red limbs is slightly higher. The price of golden coin turtles with grayish yellow heads and lighter red on the surface of the limbs is lower.

Feeding Instructions:

Turtle selection: Selecting healthy turtles is the key to ensuring the successful breeding of golden coin turtles. Generally, you can start from the following three aspects.

1. Age. There are two types of turtles: wild and artificially raised. Wild three-lined box turtles grow slowly and grow fast in summer. Each shield on their carapace has clear and dense concentric rings, which are called growth rings. Each ring represents one year. Female turtles weigh 1250-1500 grams, and male turtles weigh 700-1000 grams, and they are sexually mature. However, the concentric rings of artificially raised turtles are more blurred and sparse, and the distance between each ring is larger. Although some turtles weigh 2000 grams, their growth period is only 2-3 years. This is because the turtles grow fast under artificial breeding conditions. Therefore, it is best to choose wild turtles when buying turtles. Turtles purchased before laying eggs can lay eggs in the same year. If you choose artificially raised turtles, you cannot only choose the turtle's individual weight when choosing a turtle, but should mainly consider the turtle's age, and the turtle's individual weight is only a supplementary condition.

2. Physical condition. A healthy turtle has a well-proportioned appearance, a fat body, bright eyes, and a strong feeling when pulling its limbs. It has no tail breakage. The cloaca opening is small. If the cloaca opening is loose and large, it is a symptom of enteritis. The turtle's hind limbs are not missing claws, otherwise it will affect digging holes and laying eggs.

3. Female-male ratio. According to the experience of most breeders, the best ratio of female to male turtles is 2:1. If there are too many male turtles, it is easy to cause fights between male turtles during the mating season, and in serious cases, both sides will be bitten. If there are too few male turtles, the fertilization rate will be affected.

Domestication of wild turtles: The duration of domestication of wild turtles directly affects the breeding and economic benefits of turtles. First, quarantine and disinfect wild turtles, and put healthy turtles into prepared disinfectant (0.5 mg/L potassium manganate or disinfectant) for washing; second, keep the environment quiet. For example, when walking around the turtle pond, do not disturb the turtles and avoid stirring the water, so that the turtles feel safe and can adapt to the new environment as soon as possible; finally, lure some turtles that have adapted. First feed live bait, such as earthworms, fish, shrimps, etc. Turtles have the habit of foraging underwater, so the bait is placed in shallow waters, or the bait can be strung with a thin line and fixed at the water's edge to lure the turtles to come for food. In this way, the turtles will not be disturbed and will feel safe when foraging. After the above domestication, most turtles can actively forage.

Daily feeding and management of turtles

1. Water quality management. Golden coin turtles like to live in water, and the quality of water directly affects the health of turtles. Generally, unpolluted well water, river water, and lake water can be used. If tap water is used, the pH value of the water should be tested first. It is best to use water that has been exposed to the sun to remove chlorine. For turtles raised in ponds, the water color should be light green, and the transparency should be 25 to 30 cm. If the water color is blue-green, it means that the water is too fertile and lacks oxygen, and the water should be changed in time. Whether it is pond breeding or cement pool breeding, the number of water changes and the amount of water changed each time during the breeding process should be determined according to the water quality, water color and seasonal changes.

2. Feeding. Golden coin turtles are omnivorous turtles. Under artificial breeding conditions, the main types of feed include fish, shrimp, snails, clams, earthworms, pumpkins, vegetable leaves and mixed feed. Mixed feed is mainly made of eel feed and turtle feed with appropriate amounts of growth powder and minerals, processed into granular feed. In the process of feeding, insist on fixed quality, quantity, timing and fixed location. It is better to discard contaminated bait than to feed it, otherwise it will lose more than the small. Feeding time varies according to the season. In summer, it is fed at 10-11 am every day, and in autumn, it can be fed at 3-4 pm. The bait should be placed on the feeding table, and the leftover bait should be removed in time.

3. Strengthen daily management. Daily management mainly involves disinfection, inspection and record keeping. Disinfection means disinfecting the pond regularly. Disinfection drugs need to be changed frequently. Inspection mainly involves checking the water level, water quality, health of the turtles and the turtles' enemies in the pond, and solving problems in a timely manner. Record keeping includes recording the air temperature, water temperature, food intake, feces and other conditions.

The golden coin turtle, scientifically known as the three-lined box turtle (Cu0ra trifasci0ta), also known as the red-edged turtle, golden-headed turtle, and red-bellied turtle, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material. Because the wild resources of golden coin turtles are extremely rare, they are very popular in the international and domestic markets, and the market price of golden coin turtles is relatively high, so the economic benefits of artificial breeding of golden coin turtles are very considerable. The technology of indoor small-scale breeding of golden coin turtles is introduced as follows.

1. Preparation and disinfection of breeding ponds

The breeding pond for golden coin turtles is built indoors. It is generally a rectangular cement pond with an area of ​​about 1.00-10.00 and a wall height of 1.0m to prevent the golden coin turtles from escaping. The bottom and inner surface of the pond wall are smooth, and the bottom surface (2/3) of the bottom of the pond is inclined at 15 degrees. The water storage depth at the deep end is about 35.0cm, and a drainage gate is installed. After breeding golden coin turtles, some shelters are placed irregularly in the pond to simulate the natural environment in the wild, so that the golden coin turtles can grow in a quiet and comfortable state. Before releasing the golden coin turtles, thoroughly disinfect the breeding pond with a bleaching powder aqueous solution with a concentration of 100mg/L for 12 hours, then drain the liquid medicine out of the pond, and rinse the residual liquid medicine in the breeding pond with clean water.

2. Release of young turtles

The artificially bred and cultivated golden coin turtles with an average weight of more than 30g, active, healthy, quick to react and good physique are selected, and the stocking density is 3/0-8/0. The same breeding pond requires the stocking of young turtles of basically the same specifications, and all are released at one time, and the turtles are raised in the same pond until they are put on the market.

3. Feed selection and feeding

The feed for raising golden coin turtles is divided into two categories: animal feed and plant feed. Animal feed includes lean pork, animal offal, fish, shrimp, shellfish, etc. Plant feed includes banana (peeled) and apple, etc. Animal feed is mainly used, and the two types of feed are used interchangeably. The number of times plant feed is fed is about 1/7 of the number of times animal feed is fed. From the observation of the eating situation of golden coin turtles, it can be seen that golden coin turtles like to eat lean pork from animal feed and bananas from plant feed the most. When feeding, the feed should be chopped up. When the indoor temperature is below 25℃ and above 30℃, feed once at 9 am every day. When the indoor temperature is between 26℃ and 29℃, feed once at 9 am and 6 pm every day. The daily feeding amount accounts for 10% of the weight of the golden coin turtle. It should be adjusted at any time according to the actual eating situation. The feeding amount each time should be eaten within 1 hour after feeding. Remove the remaining bait and wash the feeding table after 1.5 hours of feeding.

4. Select water source and adjust water quality

For breeding golden coin turtles, clean river water, reservoir water, well water and tap water can be selected as water sources, but well water and tap water are best exposed to the sun in outdoor reservoirs for more than 2 days before use. In the breeding process of golden coin turtles, water quality needs to be adjusted by water changes. When the temperature is more suitable, change the water once a day. When the temperature is high in summer and autumn, change the water 2-3 times a day, and change all the water in the breeding pool each time, and rinse the entire breeding pool with a hose; and use the shower method to simulate artificial rainfall to increase the appetite of golden coin turtles. When the temperature is low in winter and spring, change the water once every 2-3 days, and the amount of water changed is 1/2 of the total pool water, and pay attention to adjusting the water temperature to be consistent with the original pool water.

5. Regulate light and temperature

Through artificial methods, light bulbs are hung above the breeding pond to adjust the light and temperature. In summer and autumn, 25W-40W light bulbs are used as light sources during the day to improve the lighting conditions of the indoor breeding pond. The operation method is to turn on the lights for 8 hours during the day and turn off the lights at night. If the indoor temperature exceeds 32℃, turn on the indoor ceiling fan to lower the indoor temperature. In spring and autumn, when the temperature is lower than 25℃ in the morning and evening, use 40W-60W light bulbs as heat sources for heating. In winter, when the temperature is below 15℃, use 60W-100W light bulbs as heat sources, turn on the lights day and night, and cover with plastic film for insulation, but leave ventilation holes. During the breeding process, the water temperature of the turtle pond is kept between 20℃ and 30℃.

VI. Do a good job in disease prevention and treatment

In order to prevent the golden coin turtle from getting sick during the breeding process, preventive measures must be taken. The specific method is: use 10mg/L bleach solution or 2% salt water to soak or bathe the turtle body in the whole pond for 5 minutes to 10 minutes every 2 weeks to prevent and treat common bacterial diseases, and use concentrated kelp extract (soak 100g of chopped dry kelp in every 10k and then rinse) to soak or bathe the turtle body in the whole pond for 1 minute to 10 minutes to prevent and treat the occurrence of big neck disease in golden coin turtles. In particular, when it is found that the golden coin turtle has a decreased appetite and slow movements, soaking the turtle body in concentrated kelp extract for 10 minutes can improve the appetite of the golden coin turtle and has a good disease prevention effect. Feed oxytetracycline bait once a week, that is, mix oxytetracycline powder in mashed lean pork, and the dosage is based on 100g per young turtle.

Add 1/5 tablet of mycin. Place the golden coin turtle in an outdoor dry sand pool (be careful to prevent escape) to bask in the sun once a week. It is best to bask in the sun when there is plenty of sunlight between 9 and 10 a.m., 20 to 30 minutes each time in summer and autumn, and 30 to 60 minutes each time in winter and spring.

Sunbathing the turtle's back not only has a bactericidal effect, but also creates conditions for the vitamin D source on the turtle's body surface to be converted into vitamin D, thereby enhancing the turtle's disease resistance.