CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Harm from flies in farms (What are the harms from flies in farms)

1. What are the hazards of livestock and poultry breeding pollution?

1. Fecal contamination.

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of flies?

Benefits of flies:

1. The generation cycle of flies is relatively short, which facilitates genetic research.

2. Flies can pollinate certain plants.

3. Fly larvae can decompose and utilize organic matter in feces, playing the role of decomposers in nature.

4. Bionics significance. For example, the balance principle of some aircraft is due to the balancing effect of the balance bar.

Disadvantages of flies:

Flies like to eat spoiled, rotten, and extremely dirty things. Wherever the dirtiest place is, there will be flies. Flies also like sweet and delicious things, so cooked food and pastries are also places that flies like to visit. Flies have a lot of hair on their feet, which makes it easy to attach to the materials where they stay. These habits and body structure characteristics of flies make them a living medium for spreading germs, which is extremely harmful. Flies have a very strong reproductive capacity, and the more rotten and dirty the place is, the more likely they will lay eggs and give birth there. The larvae are called maggots, and they drill around everywhere, which not only makes people feel sick, but also is a living medium for spreading germs. Therefore, flies are listed as one of the "four pests" to be eliminated.

3. How serious are the hazards of pig farm pollution?

There are several main aspects of pollution in pig farms.

First, the foul smell. Pig farming produces a lot of manure, which is an important source of pollution. The manure itself emits an unpleasant odor, and there are also many unpleasant odors during the decomposition process of pig manure. It makes people nearby feel extremely uncomfortable.

Second, it breeds mosquitoes and flies, which are suitable for living in polluted environments, especially in summer, when pig farm feces breed a lot of mosquitoes and flies, which are also the medium for the transmission of viruses and bacteria, and have a great impact on people's lives.

Third, the impact on groundwater. Pig excrement is very large. If it is not handled well, it will mix with rainwater and seep into the ground, causing groundwater pollution.

Therefore, when building a pig farm, the site must be carefully selected and kept as far away from human living areas as possible.

4. How harmful are flies to humans?

Flies are harmful to humans because they carry a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Flies have hairy bodies and their foot pads can secrete mucus. They like to crawl and forage in human or animal feces, urine, sputum, vomit, and corpses. They are very likely to attach a large number of pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Hepatitis B, polio, hepatitis A and B, and roundworm eggs. They often stay on human bodies, food, and tableware. When they land, they have the habit of rubbing their feet and brushing their bodies. The pathogens attached to them quickly contaminate food and tableware. When flies eat, they first spit out the crop fluid to dissolve the food before inhaling it. They eat, spit, and poop at the same time. In this way, they also spit out the pathogens that were originally eaten into the digestive fluid, contaminating the food they have eaten. People who eat these foods and use contaminated tableware will get sick. The prevalence of cholera, dysentery, and bacterial food poisoning are directly related to the spread of flies.

5. What are the causes and hazards of livestock and poultry breeding pollution?

Feces pollution: Currently, livestock and poultry farming produces a large amount of feces, which contain a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollutants. Due to the poor environmental awareness of livestock and poultry farms (households) in the past, livestock and poultry feces were randomly piled up and entered the water system with rainwater. Therefore, livestock and poultry feces have become the third largest source of pollution after industrial pollution and domestic sewage and garbage pollution, and are the main cause of rural environmental pollution;

Water pollution: The pollution of water bodies by farms is mainly organic pollution, microbial pollution, and toxic and harmful pollution. Aquaculture wastewater is discharged directly into ditches or open waters without being harmlessly treated. Since these wastewaters are rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), they can easily cause eutrophication of water bodies. High-concentration wastewater is discharged into rivers, causing the water quality to deteriorate continuously. Wastewater has a great impact on the production and life of surrounding farmers, and some have posed a serious threat to centralized drinking water sources;

Air pollution: After fermentation, livestock and poultry manure will produce a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, skatole, and methane. These gases will not only damage the ecology, but also directly affect human health. Harmful gases can enter the respiratory tract and cause respiratory diseases such as coughing, tracheitis and bronchitis, which not only threatens the safety of the farm, but also endangers the health of farm employees and surrounding residents;

Biological pollution: Feces contains a large number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasite eggs. If not handled in time, mosquitoes and flies will breed, increasing the number of pathogens and bacteria in the environment, causing the spread of pathogens and parasites, causing zoonotic diseases and endangering the health of humans and animals. For example, the occurrence of zoonotic diseases such as avian influenza, swine influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease in recent years is related to the adverse environment caused by livestock and poultry feces pollution.

Strengthen publicity and enhance environmental awareness. Publicize the hazards of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, as well as the importance, necessity and urgency of regulating livestock and poultry breeding pollution through radio, television, newspapers, the Internet, and the distribution of publicity materials. Distribute technical materials on pollution control in the breeding industry to improve the environmental awareness of the entire population. Organize training courses and hold on-site meetings to train owners of large-scale livestock and poultry breeding so that owners fully realize that enterprises are the main body of pollution control and improve their environmental responsibility awareness and pollution control capabilities. At the same time, organize training for relevant departments and township cadres, clarify that township people's governments are responsible for the environmental quality of their jurisdictions, and let township cadres establish the concept of protecting the environment and green development;

Reasonable planning and reasonable site selection The disorderly development of livestock and poultry breeding has become a problem that cannot be ignored at present. The agricultural department should make scientific planning and reasonable site selection. Rural drinking water source protection areas, scenic spots, core areas and buffer zones of nature reserves, residential areas in cities and towns, cultural, educational, medical and densely populated areas, etc. must be designated as livestock and poultry breeding prohibited areas. In the restricted breeding areas, the breeding industry should be developed away from densely populated areas and environmentally sensitive areas, adhere to the principle of combining agriculture and animal husbandry, and balancing planting and breeding, and strictly control the amount of livestock and poultry breeding per unit of cultivated land;

We must control the source and strictly approve all new, expanded, or rebuilt livestock and poultry farms in prohibited areas. These projects must also be strictly approved in restricted areas where there is no land consumption capacity. When approving projects, the environmental protection department must be notified in a timely manner and invited to participate. New, expanded, or rebuilt livestock and poultry breeding enterprises that have not been approved by the environmental protection department may not start construction, and the agricultural department may not arrange projects and financial subsidies. The construction of livestock and poultry farms must strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneous" system to ensure that pollutants are discharged in compliance with standards;

Classified guidance, scientific remediation Governments at all levels should follow local conditions, take appropriate measures, provide classified guidance, formulate plans, and strengthen remediation. The discharge mode of "pig (cattle, chicken) manure + rainwater and sewage diversion + dry and wet separation + biogas pool + biochemical, physical and chemical + oxidation pond" can be adopted to achieve the recycling and comprehensive utilization of "pig (cattle, chicken) manure + rainwater and sewage diversion + dry and wet separation + biogas pool + fruits (vegetables, forests, fields, land, tea, earthworms, mushrooms)";

Improve the system and implement responsibilities. Animal husbandry and veterinary departments should guide the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution in the region in accordance with the requirements of the Animal Husbandry Law, reasonably plan and locate the layout of livestock and poultry breeding in the region, and regularly report the layout and site selection as well as the pollution control of owners to the environmental protection department; the environmental protection department shall implement unified supervision over the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution in the region, increase the intensity of crackdown and investigation of environmental violations, and enterprises that still fail to meet the standards after the deadline shall be relocated or closed with government approval; when handling land use procedures, the land and resources department shall obtain the site selection opinions of the animal husbandry and environmental protection departments before handling the land allocation, transfer, lease and other procedures;

Integrate resources and increase investment. Adhere to the principle of "whoever pollutes, whoever governs". At the same time, fully integrate resources from all sectors of society, effectively increase financial investment in the comprehensive prevention and control of pollution in livestock and poultry breeding enterprises, and establish a comprehensive prevention and control funding investment mechanism of "enterprise investment as the main, government incentives to promote governance as the supplement". It is recommended that the government set up a leading group for the comprehensive governance of livestock and poultry breeding, include the governance of breeding pollution in the government implementation projects, arrange special funds, and implement comprehensive utilization and pollution prevention. The state, provinces, and cities should set a threshold for the realization of relevant subsidies for the development of livestock and poultry breeding. The standard must be that the pollutant emissions of the breeding farms meet the standards, and subsidies can only be granted after confirmation by the environmental protection department. Certain rewards should be given to breeding farms with significant governance effects to mobilize the enthusiasm of breeding owners to govern pollution, give full play to the role of subsidy funds, and promote the sustainable development of livestock and poultry breeding;

Strict assessment and strengthened supervision In order to implement the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding and achieve practical results, a target assessment mechanism should be established, target responsibility letters should be signed at all levels, and the pollution control of livestock and poultry breeding should be included in the annual target assessment of relevant departments and townships. The inspection offices of the Party committees at all levels, the government inspection offices, and the discipline inspection departments can jointly form inspection teams to regularly and irregularly inspect the implementation of the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, regularly report, strictly reward and punish, and promote the implementation of pollution control work in the livestock and poultry breeding industry and achieve practical results.

http://lynews.zjol.com.cn/lynews/system/2013/08/28/016854818.shtml

http://www.360doc.com/content/11/0714/15/5440912_133521218.shtml

6. Why do flies turn green and have thorns on their butts? Are they dangerous to humans?

It is a species of green bean fly, Calliphoridae, Chrysomelinae. It is widespread in China and is common in the Yangtze River Basin. It is widely distributed in Japan, Vietnam, Oriental and Oceania. The adult is 8-11 mm long, metallic green, with a gray powder coat. The larvae are coprophagous, mainly breeding in human feces (especially loose feces), and also on animal bones and hair.

This kind of fly is extremely harmful to human health. The green-butt fly is the dirtiest. It likes smelly and rotten things such as animal feces and animal carcasses to lay eggs and reproduce offspring. Stay away from this kind of fly when you see it.