CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Silkworm breeding technology encyclopedia (Silkworm breeding technology encyclopedia video)

1. New technologies and methods for silkworm breeding?

1. Preparation

Before raising silkworms, be sure to prepare a clean, odor-free cardboard box, and then poke some small holes on the top of the box to facilitate ventilation.

2. Incubation

Place the silkworm eggs in a carton at a temperature of 21-29°C. The incubation time is generally about 11 days.

3. Feeding

(1) When the silkworms are about to hatch, put an appropriate amount of fresh mulberry leaves into the cardboard box for the silkworms to eat.

(2) When silkworms are in the young stage, they can be fed with fresh and tender mulberry leaves. When they are in the adult stage, they can be fed with ordinary mulberry leaves.

(3) Before feeding, be sure to check the mulberry leaves carefully to pick out diseased, moldy, and insect-infested leaves, and make sure there is no water on the leaves, otherwise the silkworms will easily suffer from diarrhea after eating them.

4. Cleaning

(1) The old mulberry leaves in the cartons must be removed regularly and replaced with fresh mulberry leaves. All silkworm feces in the cartons must be cleaned up.

(2) When changing mulberry leaves to clean the feces, you must use a brush. The silkworms on the old mulberry leaves can be gently swept onto the new mulberry leaves, and then the silkworm feces and old mulberry leaves in the cardboard box are cleaned, and finally the new mulberry leaves are put into the cardboard box.

(3) If there are dead silkworms in the carton, be sure to clean it up immediately to prevent other silkworms from being infected.

2. How to raise silkworms with complete set of techniques?

1. Place the silkworm eggs in a box and wait for them to hatch. The most suitable temperature is 25℃-28℃. If the temperature is lower, you can cover the box with a lid.

2. Newly hatched silkworms must be cared for with special care and fed with relatively tender leaves.

3. When the silkworm is dormant, it does not eat or move. On the surface, it is sleeping, but in fact it is shedding its old skin and replacing it with a new one to continue growing. The silkworm will shed its skin 4 times during the whole breeding process. Each time it sheds its skin, it will not eat or move. At this time, try not to disturb it, and do not throw it away thinking it is sick. Each dormant period of the silkworm lasts about one day.

4. Generally, the silkworms start to spin cocoons around 25 days old. When the silkworms' backs are shiny, yellow and transparent, it means that they are about to spin silk and spin cocoons. At this time, a cross space should be provided for the silkworms to spin cocoons. It takes two days to spin a complete cocoon, and the silkworms complete the last molting in the cocoon and become pupae.

5. Male and female silkworm moths mate shortly after emerging from their cocoons. After mating, the female moth takes 4-5 hours to lay 400 eggs and then slowly dies.

3. What other silkworm-raising techniques do you know?

When raising silkworms, you need to choose silkworm eggs that are round and shiny black in color, wrap the eggs with paper towels, and place them in a warm environment. The ambient temperature should be adjusted to between 25°C to promote rapid hatching of the silkworms. After waiting for about 1 day, you can transfer the hatched silkworms to the box.

4. What are the silkworm breeding techniques and precautions?

1. First of all, the best time to raise silkworms is from April to May every year. In this season, you can buy silkworm eggs, which are silkworm eggs, outside. You can directly place the silkworm eggs on mulberry leaves.

2. Under normal room temperature in April and May, that is, between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius, silkworm ants will hatch into silkworm babies within two days.

3. When it hatches into a silkworm, it starts to eat by itself. The food that the silkworm eats is clean and fresh mulberry leaves, which means that the mulberry leaves collected must be washed and then fed to it.

4. However, it should be noted that silkworms cannot eat raw water, so the mulberry leaves should be washed and dried before feeding them.

5. The silkworms continue to grow while eating mulberry leaves. After the fourth molting, they begin to spin silk and make cocoons. Then they will break out of the cocoon!

5. What are the correct methods and techniques for raising silkworms?

1. Mulberry leaves should be picked, transported and stored properly. Try to pick leaves in the morning or evening, transport them as soon as they are picked, and pack them loosely for fast transportation. After the picked mulberry leaves are loosened, put them in the mulberry storage pool or mulberry storage room, and store them properly to prevent them from being blown away by the wind or piled up and heated and deteriorated, which will cause waste of mulberry leaves.

2. Prevent mulberry leaves from wilting. During the young silkworm stage, use a kang bed (room) and cover the mulberry leaves with plastic film to keep the temperature and moisture, so that the mulberry leaves remain fresh. During the adult silkworm stage, close the doors and windows appropriately after feeding the silkworms, and open the doors and windows for ventilation after the silkworms have eaten about 70% of the mulberry leaves, which can effectively prevent the mulberry leaves from wilting.

3. Ensure the temperature of the silkworm room. The suitable temperature for large and small silkworms is 24℃ and 25℃ respectively. Within the suitable temperature range, the silkworms have a strong appetite, which reduces the defective mulberry leaves and improves the leaf-silk conversion rate.

4. Promote less-return rearing and mulberry-strip rearing. Labor-saving silkworm rearing technologies such as flat three-dimensional rearing of small silkworms once a day, rearing of full-age silkworms twice, and rearing of large silkworms in mulberry strips not only improve the efficiency of silkworm rearing, but also help silkworms eat mulberry leaves, saving about 5% of mulberry leaves compared with ordinary rearing.

Additional information:

Summer and autumn silkworm breeding should pay attention to

1. Prevent pesticide poisoning. During the silkworm-raising season, do not spray organic pesticides such as dimethoate in the silkworm room and the fields near the mulberry fields, as the smell will cause poisoning to the silkworms; mulberry leaves should be fed to the silkworms only after they have been tested and confirmed to be non-toxic.

2. Mosquito-repellent incense or mosquito repellent or insecticide is prohibited in the silkworm room. If it is used in the house near the silkworm room, the doors and windows of the silkworm room should be closed to prevent the silkworms from being poisoned.

3. Screen doors and windows should be installed in the silkworm room to prevent flies from entering the room and harming the silkworms, and "silkworm fly killing" emulsion should be added or sprayed on the silkworm bodies to kill the maggots.

6. How to hatch and raise silkworms?

First prepare a small box and put the eggs in it. The temperature should be between 22 and 25 degrees. Then poke a few holes in the box and sprinkle some water regularly, but not too much, or it will die. When you see the eggs are getting darker, it means the larvae are about to hatch. After receiving the silkworm seeds, place them in the prepared silkworm box. The silkworm box can usually be made of ordinary paper boxes, but make sure the box is clean and odor-free.

From the day the silkworm eggs are shipped out of the warehouse, they will naturally hatch into silkworms in about 11 days (including the shipping time) at room temperature of 21-29 degrees Celsius. The silkworms will have an appetite about 40 minutes after they hatch, and the feeding process should begin at this time. Take the prepared fresh tender mulberry leaves out of the refrigerator, wait for the mulberry leaves to return to room temperature, cut them into small pieces with a knife and put them in the silkworm box. The silkworms will automatically climb onto the mulberry leaves to eat. It usually takes about 27 days (divided into 5 ages) for silkworms to hatch and go up the mountain to make cocoons.

It is advisable to feed silkworms from the first to third instar with tender mulberry leaves, and silkworms from the fourth and fifth instars can use ordinary mulberry leaves. Silkworms are suitable for growing in an environment with a temperature range of 22-29 degrees Celsius, and their most suitable growth temperature is around 27 degrees Celsius. A silkworm eats about 25 grams of mulberry leaves in its lifetime. If you feed 40 silkworms, you only need 1 kilogram of mulberry leaves. However, in the actual feeding process, some mulberry leaves will be wasted, so more mulberry leaves will be needed.

After the fifth instar, silkworms stop eating mulberry leaves and start looking for a suitable place to spin silk and make cocoons (also called going up the mountain to make cocoons). In rural areas, straw hills or pine branches are generally used as silkworm hills. For silkworms raised as pets, a paper box divided into many small compartments can be used instead.

1. Mulberry leaf preservation

1. Place the mulberry leaves in the refrigerator (around 5 degrees Celsius) to prevent them from spoiling.

2. Tie the mouth of the plastic bag tightly to slow down the drying and dehydration of the mulberry leaves.

2. Feeding of Silkworms

1. After taking out the mulberry leaves from the refrigerator, you need to wait for a few minutes to allow the mulberry leaves to return to room temperature before feeding them.

2. Do not wash the mulberry leaves with water, keep them in their natural state.

3. When feeding second-instar silkworms, please use tenderer mulberry leaves, 1-2 leaves per day.

4. Feeding time can be chosen in the morning or at noon.

1. Do not catch the silkworms with your hands. Use the soft bristles of a brush to drive them away.

2. Clean the silkworm house every day.

3. The silkworm house should be placed in a cool place (around 25 degrees Celsius).

1. If the silkworms are newly hatched (ant silkworms), use slightly tenderer mulberry leaves.

2. Silkworms cannot eat wet mulberry leaves. The surface of the mulberry leaves must be dried.

3. Mulberry leaves are best for silkworms, because eating other leaves may cause some problems for the silkworms (stunted development?)

4. When raising silkworms, you must not use pesticides or anything like that at home! You must not let them eat mulberry leaves that may contain pesticides! So when I raised silkworms in the past, I would wash the mulberry leaves first, wipe them dry, and then feed them to the silkworms.

5. The best place to raise silkworms is a box with high sides. You can put some paper towels underneath (to make cleaning easier). But be careful. If you don’t choose the right container, the silkworms may escape (I have had this experience). Also, make sure it is breathable.

6. When raising silkworms, you must prepare a lot of mulberry leaves. If they are just hatched, it is okay, but when they grow up a little, the silkworms will eat very fast! It is best not to let them starve, otherwise they may run away. (In fact, if there are enough mulberry leaves for the silkworms to eat and they are not hungry, they will not run away even if there is no container)

7. Silkworms will shed their skin every once in a while. It is best not to touch them and let them shed their skin on their own. 8. If the silkworms become a little transparent, no longer like to eat mulberry leaves, and crawl around, they may be about to make cocoons. It is best to put some branches, small sticks, etc. in the box to facilitate the cocooning of the silkworms. Put it in a paper box or a small sieve for sifting rice. If you use a sieve, put some paper pads on the bottom of the sieve.

Additional information:

Silkworm (scientific name: Bombyx mori) is an insect of the order Lepidoptera. It is the main source of silk and plays an important role in human economic life and cultural history. It is native to China and is commonly known as silkworm or nymph in southern China and Taiwan.

The silkworm is called "silkworm" in English because it uses silk to make cocoons. A cocoon is made from a strand of silk that is 300-900 meters long. Today, my country's silk production and exports account for more than 70% of the world's total, and it has become a major silk country that can dominate the world's silk price trend.

Silkworms are metamorphosis insects, the most common of which is the mulberry silkworm, also known as the domestic silkworm, one of the economic insects that feeds on mulberry leaves and spins silk and makes cocoons. The silkworm originated in China, and its development temperature is 7-40℃, and the optimum temperature for breeding is 20-30℃. Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves, and their bodies turn white after eating mulberry leaves continuously. After a period of time, they begin to shed their skins. The molting lasts for about a day, and they do not eat or move like sleeping. This is called "hibernation". After molting once, it is the second-instar larvae. It grows one year older every time it molts. The larvae molt four times in total, becoming fifth-instar larvae, and then eat mulberry leaves for 8 days to become mature silkworms, and begin to spin silk and make cocoons.

Integrated control technology of silkworm diseases

1. Technical Introduction

The basic principle of silkworm disease prevention is "prevention first, comprehensive prevention". The method is to focus on disinfection and clean feeding, cut off the path of pathogen transmission, prevent silkworm infection, improve feeding conditions, strengthen silkworms, improve disease resistance, etc., combine disease prevention with feeding technology, and take the path of comprehensive prevention to achieve real results.

2. Technical points

1. Disinfection

1. Disinfection before raising silkworms: Thoroughly clean the silkworm room by sweeping, washing, scraping, brushing, and disinfecting. Disinfectants can be toxic dispersants, chlorine smoke purifiers, or sprayed with 2% formaldehyde and 1% effective chlorine water, and ventilated for more than 24 hours. Silkworm plaques, wire nets, etc. suitable for steam disinfection should be steamed in the stove, and the temperature should be maintained for more than 30 minutes after reaching 100℃, and then taken out of the stove to dry for use; bamboo poles, silkworm racks, etc. should be soaked in a disinfection pool with bleaching powder containing 1.0% effective chlorine for more than 20 minutes, and then brought into the silkworm room in a wet state to dry; other utensils should be washed and exposed to sunlight several times.

2. Disinfection during the silkworm period: (1) Disinfection of silkworm bodies and silkworm sacs. The period from silkworms’ emergence to the early stage of disease is the key period for prevention and control. Use of a mixture of disease prevention No. 1, chloramine, fresh lime powder, and chloramine fumigant (open windows for ventilation 1 hour before fumigation) can prevent viral, fungal, and bacterial diseases, and can also reduce the chance of infection of silkworm sacs with microparticle diseases. (2) Isolation of weak silkworms. Various infectious silkworm diseases can cause silkworms to grow slowly and develop unevenly. The excrement and blood of diseased silkworms often contain a large number of pathogens, which become the main source of infection of silkworm sacs. Therefore, eliminating weak silkworms can effectively control the spread of silkworm diseases.

(3) Establish a hygiene and disease prevention system to control the spread of pathogens. ① Unsterilized silkworm tools are not allowed to enter the silkworm room. Tools for picking and transporting mulberry leaves must be strictly separated. ② Use plastic sheets to separate silkworm feces during sand removal. Disinfect the silkworm nets that are replaced after sand removal before reuse. ③ Change shoes when entering the silkworm room, and place disinfectants at the door of the silkworm room to disinfect the soles of shoes. Change shoes when entering the mulberry storage room. ④ Wash hands before tending to mulberry leaves and after sand removal. ⑤ Disinfect the floors of the silkworm room and mulberry storage room once a day with bleach solution (containing 1.0% effective chlorine). ⑥ Seal the discarded silkworms and put the silkworm feces into a pit for fermentation to prevent spread.

3. Disinfection after returning to the mountain: After the silkworm period is over, the waste with no use value, such as silkworm feces, rotten cocoons, and old cocooning tools, should be burned or piled up for retting. The valuable tools should go through the process of primary disinfection → cleaning → secondary disinfection to ensure that they are clean and free of pathogens. The silkworm room, mulberry storage room, cocooning room and other environments should be carefully disinfected as before the silkworm period.

7. Top ten tips for raising silkworms?

Silkworm breeding method

1. Do a good job in disinfection and disease prevention

Because the interval between silkworm breeding in summer is short, pathogens are fresh and large in quantity, and are easy to infect, we should pay attention to environmental sanitation and thoroughly disinfect the silkworm room and silkworm tools. You can spray disinfectant first, then clean and wash them. When spraying, pay attention to the dosage and spray all the surfaces. Strictly implement the "three disinfection principles" (that is, thoroughly disinfect before silkworm breeding, continue disinfection during silkworm breeding, and disinfect immediately after silkworm breeding), and carry out disinfection and disease prevention throughout the entire silkworm breeding process.

When harvesting leaves for summer silkworms, attention should be paid to the safe interval of pesticide application. Mulberry leaves from areas where pesticides are applied must be harvested and fed after the residual period has expired. Only after they are proven to be non-toxic can leaves be harvested for feeding. Summer silkworms should be protected from flies and rats to avoid losses.

2. Adjust the room temperature for silkworm rearing

According to the characteristics of summer climate, take corresponding measures to adjust and improve the silkworm breeding environment. In hot and humid weather, pay attention to ventilation, and cool down and moisturize when it is hot and dry. Plastic film can be used to cover the young silkworms, which can keep warm and moisturize, which is conducive to the healthy development of silkworms. In the adult silkworm period, choose a tall, spacious and well-ventilated house to prevent stuffiness. Plant trees and build a pergola around the silkworm house to reduce radiation.

3. Do a good job in mulberry leaf management

The quality of mulberry leaves is directly related to whether the summer silkworm harvest is good or not. We should strengthen the fertilization and pest control of mulberry trees to promote the growth of mulberry trees. During the young silkworm period (1 to 3 years old), it is key to pick the leaves that are ripe, with the color being pure green and soft to the touch as the standard. When collecting mulberry leaves for ants, you should choose mulberry leaves that are ripe and tender, and avoid using leaves that are not exposed to enough sunlight, old leaves, wilted leaves, diseased and insect-infested leaves, and mulberry leaves contaminated by pesticides. The leaves for summer silkworms should be picked in the morning before the dew dries or in the evening. Leaves must not be picked in the middle of the day (except on rainy days). The picked mulberry leaves should be picked and transported quickly to prevent the mulberry leaves from emitting moisture and withering. Pay special attention to not stacking mulberry leaves too high or too thick to prevent them from rotting.

4. Do a good job in feeding management

First, the transportation of silkworm eggs. When transporting silkworm eggs, do not pile them up or pile them up, and try to avoid contact with high temperatures. The transportation of silkworm eggs should be carried out in the morning and evening, and they should be spread out in time after being brought back to prevent accumulation and heating. When distributing silkworm eggs, try to do it in the morning and evening. Silkworm eggs should not come into contact with pesticides and all harmful gases to prevent silkworm poisoning.

Second, feed the young silkworms. Plastic film can be used to cover the silkworms. Silkworms grow and develop quickly, so the area of ​​silkworm seats should be expanded in advance to prevent them from being crowded and hungry. Disinfect the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats with fresh lime powder or 2% effective chlorine anti-stiffness powder every day. Add 500 times diluted silkworm disease sterilization spirit, Yijiling, and Kejunxing to feed the young silkworms when they wake up. Use 0.3% effective chlorine to soak or spray the leaves for disinfection, dehydrate, and dry them before feeding them.

Three-catch adult silkworm rearing. During the period, three sparse should be achieved: the silkworm racks in the silkworm room are sparsely connected, the silkworm foils on the silkworm racks are sparsely placed, and the silkworm heads in the silkworm foils are sparsely placed. This is conducive to ventilation, lowering the temperature, and ensuring that the silkworms are fully fed. During the adult silkworm period, especially during the hot and humid period, the silkworm litter should be removed frequently to keep the silkworm seats clean and dry. During the adult silkworm period, labor-saving silkworm rearing should be implemented. During the adult silkworm period, 300 times the liquid of fly-killing tablets should be sprayed on the silkworm bodies and 500 times the liquid should be added to the food to prevent maggots from harming them.

Fourth, cluster management. In order to reduce labor costs, it is advisable to adopt automated cluster technology. The specific method is: when the silkworms develop evenly and 5-10% of the silkworms are mature, use 4-6 pieces of Chuanto for each silkworm seed and mix 20-30 jin of mulberry leaves with cold boiled water (4-6 pieces with 1-1.5 jin of water), feed the silkworms at 10-12 pm, and no longer feed mulberry leaves. At 10-12 am the next day, sprinkle some straw or silk nets on the silkworm seat, and put plastic clusters or square clusters on the silkworm seat to let the mature silkworms automatically cluster and make cocoons. After clustering, strengthen the ventilation and dehumidification of the cluster room (use electric fans to dehumidify if conditions permit), so that the cluster room, cluster tools, and environment are dry, improve the yield and quality of silk cocoons, and ensure stable and high yields of summer silkworms.