CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is stress in fish? How to use medicine to treat stress in pigs after fighting?

1. What is stress in fish?

Causes of fish stress: Stress is a phenomenon of non-specific, physiological tension in fish caused by certain stress factors. Stress response is an abnormal state of fish when their tolerance to adverse environmental factors reaches or approaches the limit, rather than an independent disease. A series of abnormal symptoms of fish caused by stress factors are collectively referred to as stress syndrome. Adverse stimuli that deviate from the normal living range of fish are stressors. For fish, the main stress factors include physical factors such as low temperature, high temperature, vibration, chemical factors such as low dissolved oxygen, water pollution, and biological factors such as pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, as well as social and mental factors such as high density, netting, pool division, and transportation.

Stress factors can cause excitement of the sympathetic nerves of fish, increase the concentration of catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood, and then increase the cortisol hormone in the blood.

Therefore, stressed fish will show abnormal behavior, decreased appetite, inhibited growth, reduced fertility, increased skin permeability, decreased resistance to disease, and even death.

2. How to use medicine to treat stress in pigs after a fight?

It depends on what caused the fight. If it was caused when the pigs were transferred to new pens, you should pay attention to the individual differences among the pigs in the same pen. If the fight is severe, you can alleviate it by assimilating the odor, such as spraying alcohol!

3. What causes fish stress?

Causes of fish stress: Stress is a phenomenon of non-specific, physiological tension in fish caused by certain stress factors. Stress reaction is an abnormal state of fish when their tolerance to adverse environmental factors reaches or approaches the limit, rather than an independent disease. A series of abnormal symptoms of fish caused by stress factors are collectively referred to as stress syndrome. Adverse stimuli that deviate from the normal living range of fish are stressors.

For fish, the main stress factors include physical factors such as low temperature, high temperature, vibration, chemical factors such as low dissolved oxygen and water pollution, biological factors such as pathogenic microorganisms and parasites, as well as social and mental factors such as high density, netting, pond separation, and transportation.

Stress factors can cause excitement of the sympathetic nerves of fish, increase the concentration of catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood, and then increase the cortisol hormone in the blood.

Therefore, stressed fish will show abnormal behavior, decreased appetite, inhibited growth, reduced fertility, increased skin permeability, decreased resistance to disease, and even death.

4. How to help fish overcome stress response when fishing?

If you want to improve the quality of fish, you need to raise fish ecologically, save some costs, improve the quality of fish and increase profits. So how to raise fish ecologically? The so-called ecological fish farming is to raise a variety of fish in the same water body, which not only feeds a certain amount of artificial feed, but also makes full use of the food resources of the water body itself. At the same time, it can also connect the aquatic ecosystem with the terrestrial ecosystem, so as to achieve a complementary and mutually beneficial effect and achieve ecological fish farming.

The feed should be nutritionally comprehensive and balanced, and should be fed as much as possible, with the feeding frequency increased accordingly, to provide more feeding opportunities for weaker fish. In addition, timely pond division and round-robin catch of adult fish can keep the size of fish in the same pond basically consistent and avoid polarization. During the breeding period, it is forbidden to use moldy or spoiled feed, and it is not advisable to directly use unprocessed raw grain. It is best to prepare full-price compound granular feed according to the nutritional requirements of fish, and the particle size of the feed should be palatable. In this way, polarization will not occur, which will be detrimental to the overall growth of the fish.

Changing water and keeping the water clean is a key point. In late summer or early autumn, use the method of large water changes to replace 1/2 of the pond water, drain first and then fill, drain aquaculture wastewater as much as possible, and change the water once every week. By changing the water twice in a row, the growth environment of fish can be improved. Many farmers do not pay attention to large water changes, and keep the water in the same pond until the end, which makes the water quality age and affects the growth of fish. It is also necessary to pay attention to timely oxygenation and the application of quicklime, water quality improvers, microbial preparations, etc. to improve water quality, but the implementation of these measures must be flexibly mastered according to specific circumstances. Improper use can also cause unnecessary economic losses.

It is also necessary to control the water temperature. When changing the water in the pond, if the temperature of the external water is significantly lower than that of the pond water, do not change the water too much to avoid a sudden drop in the pond water temperature, which may cause a stress response in the fish. If you use external water such as well water, you must expose it to the sun, aerate it, and then change the water after the water body warms up to keep the pond water temperature stable and reduce the stress response of the fish. In addition, autumn is a season of frequent rainstorms and heavy rain. The temperature of rainwater is significantly lower than that of the pond water. If rainwater enters the pond in a short period of time, it often causes a sudden change in the pond water temperature, which can cause symptoms such as colds in fish. Therefore, you must always pay attention to the water temperature and the impact on the fish school.

Fertilizing algae can increase the nutrients in the water. Phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are the most likely to be lacking in the water. When fertilizing water quality, attention should be paid to topdressing. Phosphorus fertilizer should be applied first, followed by nitrogen fertilizer. The order cannot be reversed. Inorganic quick-acting fertilizers are generally used for topdressing in aquaculture ponds, such as urea, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., and they should be applied in small amounts and multiple times. Each time, 1.5 kg of urea and 2.5 kg of superphosphate or 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be applied per mu of water surface. Fertilizers should be dissolved in water separately and evenly sprinkled throughout the pond (fertilizers cannot be mixed and sprinkled). The application time and frequency should be flexibly controlled according to the water quality. However, it must be applied flexibly, and it should not be too much.

In summer and autumn, we should take both internal and external measures to prevent fish diseases. Internal and external measures mainly include adding drugs to the bait to enhance the fish's resistance and prevent diseases. For example, adding astragalus polysaccharides, vitamin C, vitamin E, allicin, etc. to the bait, feeding according to the course of treatment, and feeding for 4 to 6 days can achieve better disease prevention effects. When making medicated bait, the drug needs to be dissolved in an appropriate amount of water, sprayed with a small sprayer, and evenly attached to the surface of the granular bait. It should be fed after drying slightly; external treatment mainly involves insecticide and sterilization.

Carry out insecticide treatment 2 to 3 times at the beginning of summer, late summer and the beginning of autumn, or mid-autumn festival to effectively prevent the occurrence of parasitic diseases; carry out sterilization once at the Grain Full solar term and the White Dew solar term respectively, using chlorine dioxide, dibromohydantoin, povidone iodine and other bactericidal drugs at the required dosage until the disease prevention effect is good.

There are many harmful organisms that are very harmful to fish. For example, various water birds pose a threat to fish at all times, water snakes and water rats directly eat fish, frogs and wild fish compete with fish for bait, dissolved oxygen, and space. Therefore, it is necessary to take timely measures such as hanging wire mesh on the edge of the pool, isolating with mesh, manually expelling and capturing to eliminate harmful organisms that invade the pond. Therefore, in order to protect the fruits of our labor, it is necessary to take these prevention and control measures.

Another basic rule is that you need to always observe the water body's dryness and waterlogging to prevent the fish from lacking water due to insufficient water. Pay more attention to pond maintenance during the rainy season to prevent the fish from jumping away. So it is best to make an emergency reservoir yourself.

5. How does the agricultural spray dispenser work?

The principle of crop sprayers is to use an air spreading system to allow the pesticides sprayed by the aircraft to flow through the air and quickly spray onto the crops. Sprayers are agricultural machinery that mix water and liquid medicine and then spray the liquid onto the surface of an object under pressure. There are many types of sprayers, mainly self-propelled boom sprayers, towed sprayers, hanging sprayers, boom sprayers, etc.

6. What is the principle of fish antifreeze protein?

Antarctic fish can swim freely in the icy ocean below zero degrees Celsius thanks to the antifreeze glycoprotein in their blood. Bochum University in Germany published a communiqué on the 23rd saying that their latest research has revealed the antifreeze mechanism of this protein.

Researchers at the school collaborated with their American counterparts to study antifreeze glycoproteins in the blood of Antarctic cod and found that this protein can produce a hydration effect on water molecules, which can prevent liquid ice from crystallizing, and its effect is more significant at low temperatures than at room temperature.

The researchers observed the movement of antifreeze glycoproteins and water molecules. Under normal circumstances, water molecules "jump" irregularly and are unstable, but in the presence of antifreeze glycoproteins, water molecules "jump" more regularly and are stable, "like a disco turned into a minuet."

The freezing point of fish blood is generally around -0.9 degrees Celsius. However, since salt lowers the freezing point of seawater, the Antarctic seawater can be as low as -4 degrees Celsius. It is precisely because of the special function of antifreeze glycoproteins that Antarctic fish can swim in low-temperature environments.

This result was published in the latest issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society and collected and compiled by Medical Education Network.

7. What does the principle of medication care mean?

1. Administer medication accurately according to doctor's instructions.

2. Strictly implement the checking and verification system. For example, in the process of medication, three checks and eight comparisons should be done, which refers to the check before the operation, the check during the operation, and the check after the operation, all of which are relative to the nurses.

3. Administer medications safely and correctly, accurately grasp the time and method of medication, and evaluate the patient's condition, treatment plan, allergy history, etc. when administering medications.

4. Closely observe the reaction to the medication. After giving the medicine to the patient, you should monitor changes in the patient's condition, dynamically evaluate the efficacy of the medicine, and keep records.

8. What is the principle of fish migration channel in hydropower station?

Fish have the natural ability to find a flow field that suits them and move around in that area. The characteristics of these fish have been studied in detail by experts, who build fishways at hydropower stations based on factors such as the flow rate of the water and the import and export habits of fish.

The fishway solves the migration problem, but because the dam proposal changes the natural environment within the dam, making the water flow slower and deeper, it is equivalent to changing the spawning grounds of fish.

In order to better enable the reproduction of fish, appropriate "hospitals" and "delivery rooms" are also needed.

9. What is the structural principle of the agricultural pesticide agitator?

The basic structure and working principle of mixing equipment:

Basic structure: It mainly consists of three parts: agitator, transmission device and agitator shaft system.

(1) The agitator is mainly composed of a stirring paddle (or impeller) and auxiliary components;

(2) The transmission device consists of an electric motor, a reducer, and a bracket;

(3) The stirring shaft system consists of a stirring shaft, bearings and couplings. Working principle: The stirring requirements of water treatment processes can be divided into four types: mixing, agitation, suspension and dispersion.

(1) Mixing is the process of mixing substances with different specific gravity and viscosity in water evenly through stirring;

(2) Agitation is the process of making the mixed liquid flow vigorously by stirring to increase the rate of heat and mass transfer;

(3) Suspension is to suspend solid particles or liquid droplets that were originally stationary in the water body and can settle in the water body through stirring; (4) Dispersion is to disperse gas, liquid or solid in the water body through stirring, increase the contact area of ​​different phases, and accelerate the heat and mass transfer process. In a nutshell, the purpose of stirring is to transfer energy.

10. What are the basic principles of fish oxytocin?

The principle is to use a combination of physiological and ecological methods to directly inject oxytocin (PG, HCG or LRH-A, etc.) into the fish, replacing the effect of the gonadotropin secreted by the fish's own pituitary gland, or replacing the effect of the hypothalamus releasing LRH, which triggers the pituitary gland to secrete gonadotropin, thereby promoting oocyte maturation and spawning. Among fish oxytocin, the main components of the pituitary gland and HCG are FSH and LH. After entering the blood circulation of fish, they directly act on the gonads of carp, promoting gonadal maturation and spawning;