CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Silverfish are extremely valuable and expensive. What should we pay attention to when breeding silverfish?

Silverfish are of extremely high value and very expensive. What should we pay attention to when breeding silverfish?

Whitebait is small and delicate, and has poor competitiveness. To ensure successful stocking, the following points should be noted when selecting stocking fish:

1. Area. From the perspective of the water surface that has been reserved, there are successful examples ranging from thousands of acres to hundreds of thousands of acres. However, from the perspective of group interests, the water surface should be large rather than small. Generally, it ranges from 10,000 acres to 200,000 acres.

2. Water depth. 2 to 20 meters is OK, but 5 to 15 meters is better. Because whitebait is a pelagic fish, it is easy to trawle.

3. Bottom material: Silverfish eggs are sinking eggs, and the entire process of embryonic development is completed at the bottom of the water, so the bottom of the water is required to be gravel or hard sediment.

4. Water body. Water temperature: 0℃ ~ 35℃, transparent bottom: 0.2 ~ 3.5 meters, pH value: 6.5 ~ 9.5.

5. It requires abundant resources of wild small fish and shrimp.

6. Composition of fish fauna. The dominant fish species in the stocking area are bottom fish or other fish-eating species (juvenile bighead carp eat zooplankton, and adult fish eat small fish and shrimp). There are few or no ferocious fish resources that are harmful to large silver fish, such as horsemouth and redfin white shark.

7. Adult fish farming. Generally speaking, fish have a good growth ability and their growth rate is also obvious, so we need to fertilize zooplankton at this time. Fertilizers are usually fermented by farmers, and a certain amount of feeding is controlled, and the dragon is appropriately jumped according to the total amount of good water. Then in the process of breeding, try to avoid floating heads during the period, because the growth of whitebait has a relatively high selection of solution. If the floating heads of whitebait are not handled in time, it will lead to large-scale deaths.

8. Pond requirements. To breed whitebait, you first need to build a pond suitable for the growth of whitebait in advance. It can be said that the requirements are not very generous, and you can even choose an old pond that has been used for breeding before. But at this time, you must ensure that the water in the pond is clean and the place is ventilated. It is best to have certain drainage and irrigation functions. The area and number of ponds should be controlled according to the total amount of whitebait cultured, and the depth of the pond should be controlled between 2.5M~3M and 3M.

The above is all about the high value and high price of silverfish. What should be paid attention to in breeding silverfish? I hope it will be helpful to you.

It is necessary to pay attention to the appropriate temperature, provide them with light, clean and purify the water, pay attention to the frequency of feeding, and pay attention to the quality of feed. These are the key factors that determine the growth of silverfish.

You need to pay attention to the equipment and items needed to breed silverfish. You also need to find a suitable location, set the appropriate temperature, and learn relevant silverfish breeding knowledge so that you can breed silverfish better.

What needs attention is the water quality, timely observation, timely control of the amount, adding some fertilizer, and management.

What should you pay attention to when raising fish in a fish tank?

Do not overfeed

Many people may have the idea of raising fish after seeing the beautiful scenery of the ornamental fish tank. In fact, raising fish is not easy or difficult. As long as you do a good job of changing water and feeding, you don't need to worry too much. However, many small problems can cause unexpected problems if you don't pay attention to them.

1. Don’t feed too much, just feed until 80% full

Overfeeding is a common problem for many first-time pet owners, who worry that their fish will not be full and will go hungry. But in fact, the more fish eat, the more they excrete, and the water quality will deteriorate faster, which will affect the health of the fish and attract bacteria.

Generally, you can feed them once a day, and it is better to finish eating within 3 to 5 minutes each time. Since most fish tanks are placed indoors and are less exposed to direct sunlight, it is best not to feed them at night. If they are kept outdoors, you should reduce the amount of food on rainy days, because fish need to consume a lot of oxygen in the process of digesting food. On rainy days and at night, the air pressure is lower, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is lower, which can easily lead to severe lack of oxygen in the water and cause fish death.

2. Change water regularly and pay attention to water temperature

Fish tanks are not as good as natural environments, where there is a constant flow of new water. Therefore, we can only rely on regular water changes to maintain the ecological balance and water purification of the fish tank. Changing water is the basic work of fish farming. It is recommended to change the water regularly once a week, and the amount of water changed each time is about 1/4. When changing the water, fill the water slowly, and never fill a large amount of water or flush the fish directly. Absolutely avoid sudden drops in water temperature, which may cause shock or even death of the fish. Regular water changes, the water quality and pH of the new water will not have much impact on the fish. If all the water is changed suddenly, the water quality will change suddenly, and the fish will certainly not be able to adapt, which will lead to a decline in physical fitness and susceptibility to disease.

3. Do not over-clean the filter material

After using the filter for a period of time, the filter material will naturally be covered with nitrifying bacteria that are beneficial to fish. If we clean it too frequently, the nitrifying bacteria will be washed away, and the fish will lose the most effective natural protection. Therefore, the filter material only needs to be cleaned slightly, just rinse the dirt off the surface of the filter cotton.

4. Do not mix fish with large differences in size

It is best not to keep fish of very different species together, especially if the aquarium is not large, otherwise it is easy to cause problems with mutual biting.

Pay attention to water quality

If we have never raised fish ourselves, we may think that raising fish is a very simple thing. Just throw the fish into the fish tank and feed it regularly. However, many first-time fish keepers will find that raising fish is not easy and has a high mortality rate. Therefore, when raising fish in a fish tank, you should pay attention to some key points to avoid these factors that cause fish death.

The flow rate of the filter should be matched with the size of the fish tank to avoid tiring the fish to death. Provide a suitable breeding environment for the fish and pay attention to the pH value of the water. The principle of feeding small meals frequently also applies to fish farming. It is best not to feed too much at once.

To raise fish, you must first raise the water. Be sure to remove the chlorine in the water first. Aeration should be appropriate. Too little will cause lack of oxygen, and too much may cause gas bubble disease. Excessive concentrations of ammonia and nitrite are common causes of fish illness or death, while nitrates may be the cause of slow growth of fish and algae growth.

When raising fish, it is best not to leave the water unchanged for too long. However, when changing the water, be careful not to change all the water. The frequency of changing the water depends on the fish species and the amount of food they feed. It is not a good thing to replace all the filter materials or clean them too clean. Note that too high a temperature not only wastes electricity but also speeds up the metabolism of the fish, so use the heating rod reasonably.

When placing the heater, it is best to place it horizontally at a lower position to avoid burning it out of the water when changing the water. You cannot just buy fish you like. At the very least, the fish will be sick if the pH value is not suitable, and at the worst, the fish will be eaten by the weak or they will kill each other. The size of the fish tank also has a certain relationship with the difficulty of keeping fish. Generally, the smaller the fish tank, the more difficult it is.

Buying fish is the last step in fish farming. Prepare the fish farming equipment first and then buy the fish. Also, do not turn on the lights 24 hours a day, as fish also need to sleep. Do not keep fish with too big individual differences together, otherwise the big fish will really eat the small fish.

Fish tank ecosystem

Preface:

The following are some recurring problems when setting up a new aquarium. Although I am not an expert, I will still organize what I know and provide it for reference for those who want to set up a tank but don’t know where to start. If you have any questions or concerns, you are welcome to reply and discuss.

1. Equipment needed for fish farming:

The size of the fish tank and the flow rate of the filter are important factors in determining whether the fish tank is clean. If the filter flow rate is too small, the water circulation frequency of the fish tank is not enough, and the fish tank will get dirty quickly. If the water flow is too strong, the fish that are not good at swimming will break their tails or die of exhaustion. Generally speaking, a filter with a flow rate of 60 (L/h) is recommended. If the fish tank is larger than one foot, a filter with a flow rate of 180 (L/h) ~ 240 (L/h) is better.

Fish tanks need to be heated, but there is a misconception that fish do not die of cold due to low temperatures. Most families place fish tanks at home, and the temperature at home will not be lower than 12 degrees, which will not kill most fish. The real reason for heating is Taiwan's changeable climate. Taking the temperature in March and April as an example, the temperature difference between day and night can be as high as 10~12 degrees. Such a drastic temperature change will cause fish to become sick and then die. Therefore, heating is needed to slow down this temperature change.

Basically, as long as you have a suitable tank and filter, you can raise fish. If you must do without one of them, remove the heater, but be careful in spring and autumn. The filter is necessary because the number of fish and fish that can be raised in stagnant water is pitiful, and the relative restrictions will be very strict. Other things are all extra (of course, the grass tank also needs lights). But extra does not mean useless. Each thing has its role in the tank and is also a very important part of the ecological balance. So, the following is an explanation of the procedures of the grass tank:

1. Preliminary procedures

Washing sand: Sand is dirty and contains tiny dust inside. If you throw it in without washing it, the water will become foggy.

Boiling driftwood: Driftwood needs to be boiled to bring out the yellow color inside. If you throw it in without boiling it directly, the water will be yellow and will remain yellow for a long time.

2. Procedures during the period are omitted

The water release and landscaping during the period are more technical issues. They do not affect the stability of the tank, they just matter whether it looks good or not, so we will not discuss them here. If you have any questions, please raise them.

3. Finish

After the completion, the nightmare really began, because some people's fish began to die. No matter how many fish I bought, they died. Then the water plants grew very fast and looked green, but after a few weeks, algae also appeared. Why did the fish die? I will explain it in the following (taking a one-foot tank as an example):

2. The procedure of setting up the cylinder:

[Completed in 0 days]

The newly completed tank is very clean because there is nothing on the Y side. If you are using tap water, please leave it for two days to aerate it. Do not add any water plant nutrients, black water, water stabilizer, etc. The reason will be explained later. Add half of the nitrifying bacteria according to the dosage.

[Complete 2 days]

The water is stable, the chlorine in the water has evaporated, and you can put the living things in. First put a mouse, or a black shell

Put 5 to 10 shrimps and do not add fish. If a mouse dies, pick them out and aerate the water for two days. If one or two black-shelled shrimps die, leave them there and do not pick them out. If all the black-shelled shrimps die, pick them out and continue aerating the water for two days.

[Completion 4~7 days]

Change 1/3 of the water, add nothing to the new water, observe the condition of the mice and shrimps, if they are not dead the next day, you can prepare to release the fish. It depends on your personal tolerance. When you can't bear it any longer, you can release the fish^^.

[Complete in 14 days]

If you are really good enough to hold out for 14 days without releasing the fish, then you can prepare to release them…. Hehe. Releasing fish is also a science.

3. Fish suitable for grass tank:

Most of the fish we raise, such as tetras, ball fish, angelfish, peacocks, mice, etc., are suitable for acidic water quality, except for peacocks. Grass tanks also have acidic water quality, so the fish sold in general aquariums are suitable for being raised in grass tanks. Just pay attention to whether they attack each other. As for peacocks, are they suitable? Guppies are so resistant that there is no problem as long as the pH value does not fluctuate excessively. Excessive fluctuations will cause tail dissolution or tail rot. Therefore, when buying a new peacock, the action of water adaptation becomes very important, not just temperature adaptation. If the tank is a grass tank with peacocks as the main part, you can add 1~2 coral stones in the water to make the water alkaline.

4. How to use nutrients, black water, water stabilizers, and nitrifying bacteria

When the fish tank is first set up, no chemicals are added to the fish tank, only nitrifying bacteria are added, because the nitrifying bacteria are allowed to multiply and grow.

Adding aquatic plant nutrients at this time will lead to eutrophication of the water and cause algae to grow in large quantities. Halving the dosage is for those who do not know the brand. For the first time use and the unknown effect of the medicine, halving the dosage is a safer method. After 15 to 30 days, when the trace elements in the water are almost consumed (which can be judged by the growth rate and color of the aquatic plants), 1/3 to 1/4 of the dosage of aquatic plant nutrients can be added when 1/3 of the water is changed every week. If this causes the algae in the tank to grow too fast, the dosage can be reduced. Water stabilizer and black water are diluted in tap water and aerated for 1 to 2 days before being added to the fish tank. They are not poured directly into the fish tank. Adding them directly to the fish tank will also cause pH fluctuations and make the fish nervous, especially for inferior water stabilizer.

5. Complete Ecosystem

A fish tank is definitely not just about putting water and fish together.

After the tank is formed, you don't need to change the water at all. For large fish tanks, you don't even need to feed the fish at all. You just need to turn on the lights. However, it is also very troublesome to form and maintain the stability of this ecosystem. The steps in the previous article are to make each step proceed in the correct order to avoid unnecessary casualties. The first fish tank for a novice usually follows the following procedures:

Set up the tank → put fish in → fish die → repeat the process of putting fish in and fish die → algae and bacteria grow → tank overturned

Everyone knows this principle, but because bacteria cannot be seen, it is often overlooked. The time when fish are repeatedly released and killed is the time for cultivating nitrifying bacteria mentioned in the previous article from 0 to 14 days. At this time, the feces accumulated by the fish will accumulate at the bottom of the tank because there is no nitrifying bacteria to decompose them. The remaining bacteria and nitrates are produced in large quantities. After about 30 days, even if the nitrifying bacteria are cultivated, the water quality has been euoxidized and a large number of algae begin to breed. In addition to nitrifying bacteria, there are other bacteria in the water, which makes the fish prone to illness and death. The owner usually takes the step of changing a large amount of water. In the process of changing water, some unnecessary chemicals are added, which will cause pH fluctuations and unstable water quality. The steps of releasing and killing fish are repeated, which finally leads to ecological collapse (about 3 to 5 months). Of course, the only way is to turn over the tank. The normal procedure should be:

Set up the tank → cultivate nitrifying bacteria → add fish → algae production → stabilize

Since it is the correct procedure, why does algae appear? I think it is normal for a stable aquarium to have algae. The waste produced in the aquarium is feces, carbon dioxide, etc. We will not discuss the detailed chemical formula because I am too lazy to look it up. I will just explain the procedure:

Fish produce feces (large) → Shrimp cut the feces into small pieces like sausage → Nitrifying bacteria decompose the feces → The decomposed feces are absorbed by water plants, and the water plants grow → The extra nutrients are absorbed by algae, and the algae grow

So the growth of algae means that there are enough nutrients in the water to allow algae to grow. As for the control of the amount of algae, you can use the feeding frequency or algae removal animals to control it. If your level is very high, it is indeed possible to control it to only a trace amount of algae. As for aquatic plant nutrients, you can also judge it in this way, but liquid fertilizer and trace elements are different. If there are too many algae, it seems that you don’t need to add liquid fertilizer, but trace elements still need to be added. The detailed reasons may need to be explained by those who have studied aquatic plant tanks.

6. Replace an entire ecosystem

As mentioned above, once the amount of fish, water plants, and shrimp is fixed, it cannot be changed, so as not to disrupt stability. How boring that would be! In fact, once you understand the entire cycle, no matter what changes you make, it will not change the ecological balance. If you like excitement, buy more fish, then shorten the water change time and increase the flow of the filter; if you are busy at work and have no time to change the water, just put one fish in, and create an atmosphere of "I am alone in the mountains and rivers". There are thousands of ways to change, and there is no fixed method or formula. Raising fish is fun, don't let the fish tank make you anxious, that's not fun.

How to raise tropical fish

Essential equipment for keeping tropical fish

(1) Fish tank: It is the place where tropical fish grow and move around. The fish tank for raising tropical fish must be a slightly larger rectangular glass fish tank.

(2) Suction pipe: used to suck out dirt from the bottom of the fish tank when changing water. It is made of a soft rubber tube and a glass tube. The length depends on the height of the fish tank. Generally, it is 1.2 to 1.5 meters.

(3) Thermometer: used to measure and adjust the water temperature of the fish tank.

(4) Fish net: used to catch and transfer tropical fish.

(5) Glass lamp barrel: Place the bulb in the glass lamp barrel and sink it into the fish tank for heating and lighting. The mouth of the glass lamp barrel must be 100mm above the water surface to prevent fish from jumping in.

(6) Electric heating tube: used to increase the temperature inside the fish tank in winter.

(7) Air pump: removes carbon dioxide from the fish tank and increases the oxygen content in the water.

(8) Filter: It filters out dirt in the fish tank, keeps the water clean, and plays a dual role of increasing oxygen and purifying the water.

(9) Thermostat: It is used to automatically control the temperature in the fish tank and can keep the temperature constant for a long time.

(10) Food bucket: prevents fish food from floating on the water surface, which is beneficial for fish to prey on. It also prevents fish food from falling to the bottom of the water and drilling into the water plants, which will turn the water plants and sand black and deteriorate the water quality.

(11) Decontamination liquid: Made of plastic board. Used to scrape away dust and oil on the surface of the fish tank.

Guppy is the first choice for beginners of tropical fish

Guppy is a small tropical ornamental fish, generally 3 to 5 cm long, petite, agile and lively, colorful. It is mainly produced in Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana and the West Indies in South America. According to its different characteristics, it is divided into common guppy, swallowtail guppy, long-tail guppy, lyre-tail guppy and yellow guppy.

It should be said that among the many tropical ornamental fish species, the guppy is not a noble fish species. Neither its price nor its requirements for the surrounding living environment are high, but it is deeply loved by people because of its liveliness and beauty. The male fish is especially beautiful, with red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple mixed in its green-brown body, just like a rainbow in the sky, so it has a nice name - rainbow fish. At the same time, because it has several small blue round spots on its abdomen, surrounded by lighter rings, it looks like the eye-shaped spots on the peacock's open tail, so it is also called the guppy.

Some fish buyers told reporters that the reason why guppies are popular is largely due to their gentle and lively temperament. They will not fight with other fish and are suitable for mixed breeding with some non-aggressive fish. They are also not very selective about food and can be fed egg yolks, steamed bread residues, etc. However, it is best to feed them live bait such as fish worms and nematodes when raised artificially. At the same time, they do not have high requirements for water quality and water temperature and are very easy to raise and keep alive.

Generally, purebred guppies are larger, with large and stretched tail and dorsal fins, purer colors, more distinct characteristics, and higher prices, ranging from 10 to 50 yuan per pair, depending on the quality of the breed; hybrids or degenerate species are the opposite, and are cheaper, generally only a few yuan per pair. However, for those who are new to tropical fish breeding, it is more cost-effective to buy hybrids and degenerate species, because this allows you to accumulate a lot of fish breeding experience in breeding.

In addition, it is best to determine whether you are buying fish for viewing or breeding. If you are just looking for viewing, you can choose individuals with bright colors, large tail fins, and normal development of all fins; if you want to breed good guppies, it is best to choose young and energetic guppies, because fully mature guppies, although with large tail fins and bright patterns, are not suitable for breeding.

Generally speaking, the principles of selecting guppies are not much different from those of selecting other fish. The only requirement is that there should be no abnormalities on the body surface, no wounds, no damage to the fins, no contraction of the fins, no white hair and white spots, and that the fish should have a desire to eat and be responsive. It is also best to select fish that are not injured or dead in the entire tank. However, a key point in selecting guppies is the selection of male guppies. You should try to select male guppies that are larger, have larger and more stretched tail fins, and swim more actively. Generally, you should buy guppies that are two or three months old.

In addition, when buying guppies, don't forget to buy an aquarium. The aquarium for raising guppies should not be too large, generally 60 cm long, 30 cm wide, and 40 cm high. And before buying, you must pay attention to test the water to ensure that there is no leakage before buying.

After choosing the guppies, the next thing is the bait. Guppies do not have high requirements for bait, and generally use water fleas, water silk earthworms or compound pellet feed.

Once everything is purchased, it is time to start breeding guppies.

Forbidden areas for beginners of tropical fish breeding

After the newly bought fish get used to the new environment, you can start feeding them. Generally, after the fish are placed in the water tank for half a day, if you find that the fish start to peck at the wall or sand on the bottom of the tank, it means that you can start feeding them. Some fish refuse to eat when they change their environment, so you need to feed them the feed they like. You can feed them a balanced amount of artificial feed and daily feed. Pay attention to the amount to avoid leftovers, because the leftovers will rot and damage the water quality.

Several reasons that cause tropical fish to become sick and die:

1. Drastic changes in water temperature - The best temperature for tropical fish to survive is 25℃, but different species have different temperature requirements, some require as high as 30℃, and some prefer 20℃. Therefore, on average, 25℃ is a generally acceptable temperature. In addition, we must avoid drastic changes in water temperature, and the generally allowed temperature range is 2 degrees.

2. Too high stocking density - Many people see that aquariums can put many cute fish in one fish tank, so they also raise many fish in the fish tank at home. This kind of breeding method will kill all the fish. If you raise many different kinds of fish, you must consider the suitable space for each fish and reduce the number of fish. No matter what kind of fish, it is never a good thing to have too many small fish in the tank. The principle of raising tropical fish is very similar to raising goldfish. It requires a relatively wide water surface and a normal proportion to the number of fish to ensure that the tropical fish has sufficient oxygen supply.

3. Types of feed - The feeding habits of tropical fish vary from species to species and can be roughly divided into three categories: animal, plant, and omnivorous. Therefore, we must understand the type of fish in the tank, what kind of food they like to eat, and classify them for feeding.

4. Disease - There are many reasons why tropical fish may become sick, including infection from purchased sick fish, white spot disease caused by too low temperature, and water quality deterioration due to leftover food or decomposition of fish feces and waste.

Newly purchased tropical fish often carry germs or parasites. Because the disease is mild and no obvious symptoms have yet appeared, it is not easy to detect when purchasing. If you put it directly into the fish tank without using drugs, it will become sick in 2-3 days at the fastest, or 1 to 2 weeks at the slowest, and even cause death. Even if the newly purchased tropical fish is healthy, it may be injured during capture and transportation, causing bacterial infection. Therefore, it is very important to disinfect newly purchased tropical fish to prevent diseases.

There are two commonly used anti-disease disinfectants. The first is table salt, which is safe, effective, and easy to obtain. Add 100-300 grams of table salt to every 10 kilograms of water to make a 1-3% concentration of salt water. Disinfect for about 5-20 minutes. The length of the bathing time depends on the water temperature. It can kill most germs and parasites.

The second is potassium permanganate, which can be added directly to the fish tank. The concentration of the drug is 0.03 grams of potassium permanganate for 10 kilograms of water. It is inconvenient to weigh 0.03 grams of potassium permanganate. Therefore, first weigh 1 gram of potassium permanganate and fully dissolve it in 1 kilogram of water, that is, prepare a solution with a concentration of one thousandth, store it in a Coca-Cola bottle for use, and then use a straw or syringe to draw 30 milliliters of potassium permanganate solution and add it to 10 kilograms of water. Change the water 24 hours after medication. However, it should be noted that for small tropical fish. Potassium permanganate is highly toxic. After using the drug, pay attention to observe the activity status of tropical fish. Once abnormalities are found, rescue immediately, that is, change a large amount of water or take the tropical fish out.

The accumulation of organic matter such as leftover bait and excrement in the fish tank will cause the water quality to deteriorate. There are two forms of organic matter in the water. One is the undissolved granular solid organic matter, and the other is the organic matter dissolved in the water. The dissolved organic matter will be decomposed by bacteria into toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. If there are enough beneficial bacteria (such as nitrifying bacteria) growing in the water, the toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite will be decomposed into non-toxic substances (nitrates). Therefore, water purification has two purposes: 1. Filter out the undissolved solid organic matter; 2. Cultivate enough nitrifying bacteria to decompose the toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water.

There are two specific processing methods:

The first is to use water treatment circulation equipment. Large and medium-sized fish tanks use circulation filtration equipment, and small fish tanks can use biochemical cotton. There are many types of commercial water treatment circulation filtration equipment, including built-in and external types, and you can also make it yourself. The general structure consists of three parts. ① Cylindrical shell made of stainless steel or plastic; ② Filter cotton, quartz sand, plastic biochemical balls or biochemical ceramic rings, etc. are placed in the cylinder; ③ Small water pump and pipe. The function of filter cotton and quartz sand is to intercept large particles of organic matter in the water, so they need to be cleaned frequently.

The function of the biochemical balls and ceramic rings is to serve as carriers for cultivating beneficial bacteria, or in professional terms, to cultivate biofilms. The main purpose is to cultivate a sufficient number of beneficial bacteria to decompose toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water into non-toxic nitrates.

Small fish tanks can be equipped with 1-2 biochemical cotton and an air pump. Biochemical cotton has the function of filtering solid organic matter and cultivating bacteria.

The second is to add beneficial bacteria regularly. There are many varieties of beneficial bacteria, the most common ones are photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, Bacillus, etc. Most of the products sold on the market are compound bacteria. For example, a product called EM produced in Japan consists of four categories and more than 80 strains of bacteria.

Some people have done experiments, regularly adding beneficial bacteria, the water in the fish tank can be kept for a year without changing the water.

Some necessary conditions for breeding tropical fish

1. Water

1. Water quality

All water in nature contains different chemical components to a greater or lesser extent, and some chemicals will directly affect the growth and survival of fish. Tropical fish have higher requirements for water. Tap water, river water, well water, lake water, etc. can be used directly to raise goldfish, but they cannot be used to raise tropical fish directly, otherwise the fish will get sick and even die.

The so-called water quality mainly refers to the hardness and pH value of water.

The hardness of water is determined by the amount of calcium, magnesium and iron salts in the water. It is divided into hard water, soft water and neutral water. Well water and spring water are mostly hard water; tap water and river water are mostly neutral water; rainwater is soft water. Neutral water should be used for breeding tropical fish. Although the pH value of tap water in cities basically meets the living requirements of tropical fish, water plants often add some chemical disinfectants and purifiers when treating water, so the water often contains ⒘康慕绕图畹某煞郑美桐昏匦虢写恚S米罴虻サ陌旆堕橇橇郎狗ǎ?唇?诹唾闸律/span>2~3 days, or dry in a cool and dark place for a week before use.

2. Change the water

Fish have to constantly metabolize and excrete feces while they are alive. The bait for fish is also constantly oxidized and decayed, which will affect the water quality. Therefore, the water in the fish tank should be changed regularly and timely to keep the water fresh. Water change is divided into partial water change and full water change. Partial water change is also called water addition. Water addition means that the amount of water should be added according to the amount of water drawn out from the fish tank. It is not necessary to remove the fish and aquatic plants from the tank when adding water. Generally, the amount of water added should not exceed one-fourth of the total water volume of the fish tank each time. When adding water, pay attention to the temperature of the newly added water, and try to keep it consistent with the water temperature of the original fish tank. The number of times of water addition is one to two times a week in autumn and winter, and two to three times a week in spring and summer. The specific number of times depends on the turbidity of the water in the fish tank. If the filtration conditions are good and the water quality is clear, the number of times can be appropriately reduced. If the filtration conditions are poor, the number of times can be appropriately increased, but it should not be too frequent, otherwise the fish will get sick.

2. Temperature

Temperature is the most important condition for the survival of tropical fish. Fish cannot survive without suitable water temperature. Tropical fish have strict requirements on water temperature and are extremely sensitive to water temperature.

The water temperature for tropical fish is generally between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius. However, different types of tropical fish have different requirements for water temperature. For example, guppies, red swordfish, black Mary and other fish species can tolerate water temperatures of around 10 degrees Celsius without dying, while swallow fish, tiger barbs and other fish will die when the water temperature is below 18 degrees Celsius. Most tropical fish are very sensitive to water temperature. If the water temperature changes by ±2 degrees Celsius, they will catch a cold. If the water temperature fluctuates up and down for a long time, the fish will suffer from various diseases. Therefore, the water temperature should be kept constant as much as possible. The water temperature should not be too high. If the water temperature is high, the fungi in the water will multiply too fast and affect the water quality. The normal temperature for most fish to live is between 20 and 24 degrees Celsius, and the breeding water temperature is between 25 and 28 degrees Celsius. There are two common ways to control water temperature, which are natural control and artificial control.

Natural control is to place the fish tank in a sunny room, so that the fish tank can receive sunlight to increase the water temperature. The water temperature change of a small fish tank is relatively small. On the contrary, the small fish tank has less water and the water temperature change is large. If the room conditions allow, it is better to make the fish tank as large as possible.

Artificial control of water temperature mainly uses heating measures such as stoves, kangs, and heaters to heat. In recent years, the market has seen an increasing number of electric heating appliances, which is a better heating method. Most products have automatic temperature control functions and should be preferred.

3. Oxygen

Any living thing needs oxygen to survive. Without oxygen, there is no life. Tropical fish also cannot survive without oxygen. The oxygen needed for fish survival is obtained by absorbing dissolved oxygen in the water through the microvessels in the gills, and then brought to the body through the blood circulation system. Carbon dioxide is also discharged through the microvessels in the gills. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water directly affects the growth of fish, so it is necessary to ensure that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the water. In addition to obtaining dissolved oxygen in the water by adding water and changing water, it can also be produced by photosynthesis of aquatic plants in the water.

There are special oxygenating devices on the market - air pumps. It is convenient and simple to use air pumps to add oxygen. You can choose a suitable air pump according to the size of the fish tank. The price is relatively cheap.

4. Fish Food

Although there are many types of tropical fish and their habits vary greatly, their feeding habits can be roughly divided into three categories: carnivorous fish, which account for the vast majority of tropical fish; omnivorous fish, which account for a small part of tropical fish; and herbivorous fish, which account for a very small part of tropical fish. Here is an introduction to the common fish food for carnivorous fish:

1. Daphnia (also known as red spider)

Fish worms are bright red in color, medium in size, and swim in groups in the water. They are rich in protein, fat, and calcium. They are widely distributed in various places, but they have a short lifespan and generally only live for one to two days after being caught. Before feeding fish, the fish worms should be cleaned before feeding.

2. Sword flea (also known as green flea)

This type of fish worm is small, has low nutritional value, and is easy to die. They jump and stop in the water at a fast speed, and slow-moving tropical fish, especially young fish, often cannot catch up with them, so they are a poor bait.

3. Red nematodes (also known as water earthworms and maggots)

This fish worm has a slender body and dark red color. It lives in shallow water near dirty water bubbles and ditches. Half of the worm's body is in the mud and the other half is in the water. Red nematodes are rich in nutrients, containing more protein and fat, and are an ideal food for adult fish.

5. Light

Light is very important for tropical fish to survive. Without light, tropical fish cannot survive. Light has three main effects on tropical fish breeding.

Light is the most important factor for all plants to photosynthesize. Without light, water plants cannot photosynthesize, absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and plants cannot maintain their own survival. However, plants also have certain limits on light requirements. If the light is too strong or the light duration is too long, the water plants will grow green moss, which will affect the photosynthesis of the water plants; but if the light is too weak or the light duration is too short, the branches and leaves of the water plants will turn yellow or even die due to too little photosynthesis.

Reasonable lighting should be that in a sunny room, do not expose the plant to direct sunlight, and do not place it on the windowsill or under the window. It can be exposed to sunlight in the morning and evening for 1 to 2 hours. Of course, the time of using scattered light from the window can be extended appropriately. In a room without sunlight or insufficient sunlight, artificial light can also be used. A 60-watt incandescent lamp or a 40-watt fluorescent lamp can be used for about 6 hours a day.

Tropical fish also need light to grow and reproduce. Fish with light will grow faster, their bodies will be more colorful, and their breeding cycle will be shortened.

The third function of lighting is to facilitate viewing. If you are in a dark room or a room with too little light, you will not be able to see the scenery in the fish tank clearly, and if you can't see it clearly, there is no point in viewing it.

The key to raising tropical ornamental fish is the selection and treatment of water quality and feed, which is based on the understanding and simulation of the natural ecology of the origin of the fish species. In other words, when raising tropical fish, you must pay attention to the characteristics of the waters of the native place of the fish species. Experience has repeatedly shown that in order to raise tropical fish well, especially the precious and delicate high-end species, you must create an environment in the aquarium that is the same or close to the natural ecology and conditions of its origin.

1. Water treatment

Freshwater tropical fish are generally born in tropical freshwater waters on both sides of the earth's equator. Among them, the Amazon River in South America, Thailand and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia, and the Congo Basin in Africa are the three major treasures of tropical fish in the world. Most tropical fish can only survive when the water temperature exceeds 20°C, and generally prefer a water temperature of about 26°C. The soil in Africa is slightly acidic red soil, and there is a lot of humus in the surface water. The pH value of the water is generally slightly acidic, between 6 and 7. Therefore, tropical fish produced in Africa prefer slightly acidic water. Species that grow in the waters of South America also mostly like to live in weakly acidic water with a pH value of 7. However, fish species that grow in the waters of Southeast Asia and South Asia, including those that grow in the waters of southern North America, mostly prefer neutral water with a pH value of 7. Ovoviviparous fish such as guppies, swordtails, mollies, and moonfish that grow in Central and South America also like to live in weakly alkaline hard water. Tropical fish from Central America require slightly alkaline water for breeding because the water quality of their birthplace is slightly alkaline. Some other semi-marine fish, such as bat pomfret, yellowfin pomfret and the colorful golden phoenix in Oceania, prefer weakly alkaline water. In fact, some fish that prefer neutral or weakly alkaline water, such as bat pomfret and elephant nose fish, can also live well in weakly acidic water. However, fish that prefer acidic water generally find it difficult to survive in weakly alkaline water.

my country's freshwater resources are generally slightly alkaline, but the north is more alkaline, while the water quality of some lakes, reservoirs and rivers in the south is slightly acidic. For example, the pH value of drinking water in Guangzhou and other places in southern my country is less than 7, which is the ideal water quality for breeding discus; while the pH value of water in Beijing is around 7, which is neutral. On the other hand, the water hardness of the rainforest rivers in southern my country is low, mostly soft water; the north has little rainfall, high salinity and alkalinity in the soil, and high water hardness. In addition, the surface water hardness is generally low, the groundwater and well water hardness is high, and rainwater and snow water are soft water. In southern cities in my country, such as Guangzhou and Foshan, the water quality is relatively soft, which has unique breeding conditions for small fish species produced in South America such as discus and red lantern. The water quality in northern cities such as Beijing and Tianjin is slightly hard, and it is difficult to breed such fish species.

Therefore, to successfully raise and breed tropical ornamental fish, we should first find out the origin of the fish species (this can be found in relevant professional books and periodicals through the scientific name), and find out the range of water quality factors such as pH value, hardness, water temperature and salinity that are suitable for its survival. Then test the water quality of local water. This can be done with a commercially available simple water quality colorimetric box. If some items are found to be inappropriate, they must be adjusted manually. In cities, tap water is generally used to raise fish. First, the residual chlorine must be neutralized: add baking soda (Su Bo), that is, sodium thiosulfate or vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and then test. When the water quality is alkaline, add acidifiers: phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, or place sinking wood or add activated carbon to the water filter for 24 hours. When the water quality is acidic, you can add alkalinity agents: baking soda, that is, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate (coral sand, shell sand or powder) or silica sand, medical stone, and strengthen the aeration. When the water quality is too soft, you can add lime water (quicklime or calcium chloride). : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

During the fish farming process, while regularly adding a small amount of feeding water, a small amount of microbial water purification agent should also be added to maintain excellent water quality and achieve the purpose of raising water first. Not only should the water quality be appropriate and stable during the fish farming process, but the rotary tank of the fish also requires that the water quality of the new and old tanks should not be too different, especially the pH value. For example, for the water change or rotary tank of the colorful angelfish, the pH difference between the new and old waters should not exceed 0.5, the temperature difference should not exceed 1 to 2℃. For the quality of breeding water, hardness should also be considered, and some estuary fish should not neglect salinity issues.

2. Feed feed

If the water quality is well treated, it will be more than half of the remaining problem. The main problem left is feed. At present, the commonly used fresh baits include water earthworms and water fleas. The more expensive and ripening effects are bloodworms (chicoides larvae) and larvae and adults. The more convenient is artificial feed, which is flakes and granular. Another type is artificial hamburger with fresh feed, which is mainly composed of beef hearts, shrimps, vegetables, compound vitamins and medicines. They are crushed and mixed into slurries with a household meat mixer, and are spread into thin slices and frozen and pelleted for feeding. Hamburger feed has become the staple food of colorful and colorful angelfish.

Breeding tips

1; If there is no condition to keep the water temperature in the fish tank, give the goldfish enough sunshine often on this cold winter day.

2; Put some white rice stones and some aquatic plants in the fish tank, but remember that the aquatic plants must be appropriate.

3. When feeding, you can give some fish and insects or white flour steamed buns, but you should feed them less and frequently each time.

Also, please note that goldfish are particularly susceptible to white spot disease (a parasitic disease). If you find such things on the fish or scales fall off and there are wounds, remember to go to the flower and bird market to buy a kind of "yellow powder" (mainly for anti-inflammatory), and then drop some methylene blue medicine (mainly for parasite removal) when changing the water for the fish. With your careful care, the goldfish will definitely bring you equal happiness.

Feeding method

First, prepare the fish tank and dry the water in advance. If you want to lay sand and plant grass, you need to add water slowly after everything is ready. It takes about one or two days to dry the water. Then put the plastic bag containing the goldfish and the "old water" into the aquarium, so that it hangs in the middle and upper layers of the water body. After about half an hour, it is estimated that the water temperature in the plastic bag is close to that in the aquarium. At the same time, add 1 teaspoon of salt to the water to sterilize it. Wait for the fish to adapt to the aquarium for 1-2 days before feeding. If you need to increase the stocking amount, you should first place the new fish in another container and raise them alone for 7-10 days. After observing that the fish are indeed disease-free, put them together with the fish in the original aquarium to avoid bringing in pathogens.

3. Feeding method

Goldfish are usually fed with artificial and natural baits. Feeding must be done at a strict time and quantity to keep the water fresh. Generally speaking, feeding should be done 1-2 times a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. It is better to feed once in the evening in the morning rather than late. In addition, the time, frequency and quantity of feeding should also be determined according to the following principles:

(1) When the weather is clear, the sun is warm and the wind is gentle, there is sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water and the water temperature is suitable, you can add more bait.

(2) When the water is clear and the fish have a strong appetite, you can add more bait.

(3) If the fish is sick or the species is delicate and precious, you should use less coarse bait and more fine bait instead.

To tell whether the goldfish is hungry or full and how well it is digesting and absorbing food, you can tell by the color of its excrement. If the excrement is green, brown or black, it means the fish is eating properly and absorbing food well. If the excrement is white, it means the fish is overfed.

, To raise goldfish indoors, we must first solve the lighting problem:

Because the beauty of goldfish lies not only in its shape but also in its color. To ensure the bright color, the fish body must be exposed to strong light, otherwise, the fish body color will become increasingly dim and it is easy to get sick. Therefore, the place where goldfish are fed should have sufficient light, preferably ultraviolet light.

If the temperature is suitable, you can place the fish tank on a balcony or in front of a window during the day to ensure sufficient light. Therefore, if you master the temperature suitable for the growth of goldfish and ensure sufficient light, raising goldfish indoors will have a great guarantee.

In spring (March to May in the Gregorian calendar), the temperature gradually rises, generally between 10 and 20 degrees Celsius, and the water temperature environment is more suitable for the growth and reproduction of various pathogens, especially April to May is the peak season for fish diseases - barley yellow. When the fry are hatched in early spring, the fish eggs are susceptible to Saprolegniasis; the fry are mainly susceptible to wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylopius, Diplostomum, fish lice and other fish diseases; in spring, adult fish are susceptible to microbial fish diseases, such as viral hemorrhagic disease, enteritis, gill rot, printing disease, and silver carp iodine spore disease.

In summer (June to August in the Gregorian calendar), the temperature is generally between 26 and 28 degrees Celsius, and fish diseases are slightly less common than in spring. At this time, fish species gradually grow up and their disease resistance is enhanced. Therefore, ciliate and flagellate fish diseases gradually decrease. In addition, according to surveys, microbial fish diseases in spring continue to exist in summer, including gill rot, hemorrhage, red skin, enteritis, and printing disease. At this time, anchor fish disease is more common among parasites. In midsummer, high-yield ponds are often prone to flooding.

In autumn (September to October in the Gregorian calendar), the temperature gradually drops, and the temperature is generally between 23 and 15 degrees Celsius. The water temperature environment is basically similar to that in spring, especially August to September is the peak season for fish disease - "Bai Lu Xin". Summer fish species mainly suffer from wheelworms, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylopius, complex trematodes, fish lice and other fish diseases. In autumn, large-sized fish are prone to microbial fish diseases, such as viral hemorrhagic disease, enteritis, gill rot and other diseases.

In winter (December to February in the Gregorian calendar), the temperature is relatively low, generally between 3-6 degrees Celsius, and fish diseases are rare. Winter is the period for stocking fish, and fish bodies are often scratched by netting or transportation, and Saprolegniasis may also occur; when the water temperature is high, it is possible to develop tricholoma and Ichthyophthirius; when the water temperature of overwintering fish is below 10 degrees Celsius, the temperature difference between the air temperature and the water temperature in the wintering room is too large, and the fish will float to the surface due to lack of oxygen, causing frostbite on the top of the head.

There are 12 common fish diseases that can be caused by the change of temperature in spring, summer, autumn and winter. Among them, there are 7 main parasitic diseases: trichodinasis, Ichthyophthirius, Dactylopius, anchorhead mycidiella, fish lice, silver carp iodine spore disease, and Chinese mycidiella; there are 5 main microbial diseases: hemorrhagic disease (red skin disease), enteritis, gill rot, printing disease, and saprolegniasis. As the saying goes, "If you don't raise fish plague, you will be rich." In fish farming, once fish diseases occur, mild cases will affect the growth and development of fish, and severe cases will cause the death of some fish. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to the prevention and control of fish diseases and actively implement the policy of "early prevention when there is no disease and early treatment when there is disease."

You can identify the gender of fish based on their size, shape, color, tail whiskers, fins, etc.

There are many types of fish. If you cut open a fish's belly and see a belly full of eggs, it's a female fish; if there's no eggs but a milky white "white" inside, it's a male fish. But if you were given a live fish, how would you tell the sex of the fish?

Or identify it from the appearance.

Look at the fish's fins. The female loach's pectoral fins are blunt at the end, while the male's are pointed. The male carp's pectoral fins are larger than the female's. The male's dorsal and anal fins are longer, and there are some yellow-green spots on the pelvic fins, while the female's do not.

Look at the size and shape of the fish. For carp and crucian carp, female fish of the same age from the same origin are always larger than male fish. For tilapia (also called African crucian carp), the reproductive pore and urinary pore of female fish are separate, while those of male fish are combined, so female fish have one more pore than male fish, but are smaller in size. Female silverfish are transparent and scaleless, while male silverfish have a row of scales above the base of the anal fin. Female anchovies are large and full-bellied, while male fish are small and thin.

Let’s look at the color of the fish. Many fish will change color. The male fish’s back is gray-black and its abdomen is silver-white. During the breeding season, the body will turn blue and slightly red and yellow, colorful and very beautiful. When the male fish is fighting, the color of the whole body will suddenly change. During the reproductive season, it will also wear a beautiful coat with a golden light, which is a "marriage outfit"; the female fish is not so gorgeous, with some gray stripes exposed on its brown body. Some fine sand-like particles appear on the gill covers and fins of the male goldfish—"star chasing", while the female fish does not.

To raise fish, you must first raise water

For fish farmers, there are four types of water: one is fresh water, that is, tap water just dried or newly dug well water. Although this water is very clean, it is very different from the environment in which fish live in nature. Because there is no nitrified bacterial community in the water, the fish's excrement and scattered food residues decompose into ammonia after rotting and spoiling, and the fish are very easily poisoned. Second, the old water, which is light green or light amber color, is rich in humus and beneficial microorganisms and algae, has established a good ecological circulation system, and is decomposed into nitrates that are harmless to fish after nitrogen circulation. This water is extremely beneficial to the growth of fish. Third, green water, the content of organic matter in the water is too high, so cyanobacteria, green algae and brown algae reproduce in large quantities, the content of bacteria and microorganisms increases sharply, and the water is thick green, and sometimes it will smell bad, which is very easy to cause the fish in the whole tank to die. Fourth, return to clean water, also known as biting clean water, is that the content of algae and microorganisms in the green water is too high, which consumes the oxygen in the aquarium, causing the death of algae and axophilic bacteria, making the water turn into stagnant water that is extremely clear, without oxygen and has a large amount of anaerobic and harmful bacteria.

From this we can see that not all water is suitable for the life of goldfish. The most suitable water for goldfish growth is old water. The so-called water cultivation is the process of turning new water into old water.

Now most of the water we use to raise fish is tap water, so the first step in water cultivation is to remove the toxic substances in tap water - chlorine. The method of removing chlorine is relatively simple. Put the water in place and let it sit for 2-3 days, or dry it for 1 day (if it is urgent, add 0.63 grams of baking soda per 100 kilograms of water, that is, sodium thioate, and you can use it immediately).

After the new water is dried, it should be put into the tank and opened and filtered, so that the pump turns the still water into flowing water, and then put it in the fish that breaks into the tank. "Breaking the tank" means to stock several cheap, strong and easy-to-raise fish into the new tank. After a few days of raising the fish, the fish's feces will decompose ammonia in the water. This is the same as tap water with ammonia. Too much ammonia will cause the fish to die. Therefore, the most important thing in raising the water is to remove the ammonia in the water. Usually we use nitrifying bacteria to remove the ammonia in the water. Nitrifying bacteria can be added to the water, but they need attachments to survive in the water. If there is no suitable attachment, no matter how many nitrifying bacteria are added, it will not work. They will die in the water. Nitrifying bacteria will usually adhere to the filter cotton or bottom sand. In fact, after a few days of water flowing, nitrifying bacteria will naturally produce nitrifying bacteria, which is also the most commonly used method for us to cultivate nitrifying bacteria. The cultivation of nitrifying bacteria is the second step in water cultivation.

The following is a brief introduction to you about the chemical changes of the subtle nitrogen cycle and see how nitrifying bacteria work.

After the fish enter the tank, they will discharge ammonia and other waste into the water. The ammonia concentration in the water will increase, and nitrifying bacteria in the living water can decompose ammonia. (Note: it takes one week or more to form nitrifying bacteria, so during this period, fish are seriously injured). When the nitrifying bacteria community forms, the ammonia concentration will decrease until it reaches zero.

However, things are not that simple, because nitrifying bacteria can only convert ammonia into nitrite, but they are also toxic to fish! So everyone should understand that when the ammonia concentration drops, the concentration of nitrite is increasing. So don’t think that you can rest assured after the ecology is established. If you want to reduce nitrite, you must change the water regularly and reduce the concentration to maintain a relatively stable ecology and keep the water in an old state.

It should also be told that old water is what we pursue, and green water also has many benefits for goldfish. For example, green water can make the goldfish darker in body color, but there are too many algae in this water, so fish cannot be seen, which is not suitable for viewing. Moreover, when there are too many algae, the fish will be deficient in oxygen, so when using green water to raise goldfish, you should pay attention to controlling the content of algae in the water.

1. Observe frequently and treat early

Generally, after fish are infected or invaded by pathogens, there are some signs, such as the diseased fish are slow to move, often swim slowly on the surface of the water, and do not gather in groups. If there is any alarm, it will float to the water after slightly sinking. Some fish also swim wildly when they first start to have the disease, or their body color is dark, and their scales fall off. For example, after the white crucian carp bleeding disease occurs, wild small fish in the early fish pond die. When signs of fish disease appear in the fish pond, timely measures should be taken to treat them to avoid the disease expansion.

2. Correct diagnosis and prescribe the right medicine

3. Accurate calculation and use the correct dosage

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4. Master the characteristics of drugs and use them scientifically

5. Use foot therapy according to the disease

The course of treatment is the fundamental guarantee for curing fish diseases. Without sufficient course of treatment, pathogens cannot be completely eliminated and the effect of medication cannot be achieved. Therefore, full course of treatment is an important link to completely eliminate pathogens and consolidate the therapeutic effect. In practice, the length of the course of treatment should be based on the specific category of the disease in which the fish suffers. If an invasive disease is caused by parasite parasites, it is generally used as one course of treatment for 1 to 2 days, and the purpose of treatment can be achieved; for bacterial and viral diseases, 3 to 5 days is generally one course of treatment. As for the number of courses used, it should depend on the severity of the disease and the temporality of the course of the disease. For diseases with severe and long-term conditions, two to three courses of treatment must be used, otherwise the effect is not thorough and there is a possibility of repeated infection.

6. Some things to note

1. You should stop eating for 1 day before feeding the medicine bait to keep the fish in a hungry state. After feeding the medicine bait, you can finish it quickly.

2. During the treatment period and after it has been cured, it is not advisable to change water or catch a lot to avoid irritating the fish, causing stress responses, aggravate the condition or causing recurrence.

3. The combination of internal and external elimination should be adopted for the treatment of fish diseases. Taking internal and external medicine alone cannot play a role in attacking internal and external elimination.

4. When treating fish diseases, the same drug cannot be used alone and multiple times to avoid the pathogens from becoming resistant to the drug. Drugs should be used alternately.

5. Once the disease occurs, no matter whether the treatment effect is good or bad, losses cannot be avoided. Therefore, we should adhere to the prevention and treatment policy that focuses on prevention and treatment as the auxiliary.

Place the glass tank near the window to ventilate and sunny. Pay attention to the stocking density and arrange it reasonably according to the size of the container. It is better to raise less than more. Because the indoor air is not circulated, water will easily cause the goldfish to die if it is not bribed, and it is easy to cause the goldfish to die due to lack of oxygen. If there is an air pump, you can raise more. If you find that the goldfish have a floating head, you need to turn on the air pump to charge oxygen, especially at night, which requires oxygen.

The most ideal bait used for raising fish is live fish and insects. The water quality is not easy to deteriorate. It is also possible to feed dried fish and insects and artificially synthesized pelleted feed. There are live fish and insects on the market now, but it is also troublesome to buy them every day. For dried fish and insects sold on the market, you should choose fresher pelleted pelleted fish and do not buy old and moldy dried fish and insects to feed them. It is better to use full-price feed with complete nutritional ingredients, and it is sold on the market.

In order to keep the water quality pure, the amount of bait should be strictly and regularly. It is usually appropriate to feed bait once to twice a day. The amount of bait should be eaten within half an hour. Do not feed too much bait. There are two harms of feeding too much: First, the fish is full, the metabolic level increases, and the oxygen consumption increases, which can easily cause goldfish to die due to hypoxia and suffocation; second, the bait is left, which is prone to rot and fermentation, which will deteriorate the water quality, which will also cause hypoxia. In fact, goldfish are relatively hungry and will not have any problems if they are not fed for one or two weeks.

It is crucial to keep goldfish clean and pure. You must often use latex tubes to suck up the accumulated slag, suck the feces, residual baits and turbid water at the bottom of the glass tank, and then slowly replenish the new water that has been left for a day. If aquatic plants float up or rockery is knocked down during the operation, you must restore the original state in time.

The longer you raise the fish, the more sediment accumulates. Although it is removed every day, it cannot be completely removed. If the sediment increases, affecting the clarity of the glass tank, you must completely change the water to wash the glass tank to keep the water pure, easy to view, and also maintain a good living environment for goldfish.

The rectangular glass tanks used generally use are small in size and should not be raised more, so they should not be raised more. For example, in a container with a length of 40 cm, a width of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm, 6 to 8 goldfish with a length of 5 cm to 7 cm can be raised. Adult fish with a body length of more than 8 cm should not be raised in small glass tanks, but should be raised in luxurious large glass tanks or ceramic tanks, and equipped with a small oxygenator for backup to prevent hypoxia. The above stocking density is only a reference, and it depends on the water temperature, the size of the fish body and the quality of the water. It cannot be operated mechanically. Generally speaking, fish with a large body should be raised less; it can be raised more in winter and less in summer; it can be raised more when the water temperature is low, and less when the water temperature is high.

Choosing goldfish

Choose strong and brightly colored fish

When choosing any kind of goldfish, you should choose the one with a broad body, abdomen, and a tail fins, and a large tail. For fish without dorsal fins, the back of the dorsal fins should be smooth, without defective dorsal fins or nodules. The color of the fish should be red, the white one is pure white, the blue one is blue, the black one is ink black, the flower one is harmonious in color, the pattern is delicate, and it must be blue to be called five flowers. Some fish have half red and half black bodies or black edges with black fins. They are very beautiful at the moment, but in fact they will soon become completely red, so you must have foreseeable.

In the selection of fish, the best in terms of characteristics, body shape or color should be selected and observed and cultivated.

Choose healthy and disease-free fish

Generally speaking, if you swim actively, you will be in a group, and have a plump body. The chest and ventral fins are open and often slid, there are no white spots or white velvet mucus on the body, the tail, scales, bloodshot, ulcers, and do not float on the water surface, and do not lie on the side, stand upside down, or sink to the bottom. If you have black and thick stools, you will be healthy fish. If you have fish for food, you can buy them boldly in the above situations.

Choose fish with obvious characteristics

All kinds of fish have the characteristics of this breed: for example, if you choose the breed of birthday star, lion head, crane red, goose red, etc., they are all famous for their heads with sarcoma, so we should choose the most developed and wide sarcoma on the gill cover of the head. In addition, fish with red crane head and goose red head are the best ones with red sarcoma (the top of the head is darker when young fish are) and the pearl scales should be paid attention to the large and small tails. Large tails are the best. However, no matter whether they are big or small tails, they should choose the tip of the head, the pearl scales are thick and complete, arranged neatly until the back, but the scales should not be upright, otherwise most of them are scaly erect. The abdomen is thick and round and the tail is smooth. This characteristic is purebred. Blisters or dragon eyes are named after the characteristics of the eyes, so you should choose the one with round and large and even bubbles, and the bubbles are soft and transparent. When choosing dragon eyes, you should choose those with large and protruding eye plates like chess pieces.

Raising fish first has become an indisputable experience. How to "raising" a tank of clear and non-toxic water in the family is crucial. Raising fish in a family is different from raising fish in a fish farm. The water body space is small, and the water quality is required to be clear and transparent, which is convenient for goldfish to watch. Raising fish in a fish farm is to enable goldfish to grow quickly. Professional fish to monitor the water quality at a time, and the water body is wide, which is suitable for goldfish to grow. Family raising goldfish has its own advantages. For example, water temperature, because the family raising fish is generally indoors, it is not affected by wind and rain. In addition, raising fish in a family is small, which is convenient for water quality observation and drug control. Raising water in a domestic goldfish is mainly related to the following five factors.

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : For larger aquariums, in order to prevent the water flow from being too strong, it is recommended to install a built-in filter at the inlet and add a bend at the outlet to reduce the impact of the water flow on the goldfish. Place biochemical sponge and activated carbon in the filter box (barrel) and replace it according to the degree of water pollution. However, it is not suitable to establish beneficial biological bacterial flora. It is generally replaced once in January.

3 Fish farming density: No matter how large the aquarium is, the number of goldfish farmed is limited. Goldfish are active and active, and can eat and pull. It is difficult to maintain tropical fish with smaller water quality. Reasonable breeding density is very important for beginners. Usually, each goldfish with one-year old fish occupies 10 liters of water. That is, the volume of aquarium with a length of 80, a width of 40, and a height of 40 is 128 liters, which can raise 12 fish in one-year old. No matter how high the density is, it is difficult to maintain water quality for a long time. In addition, different goldfish varieties have different requirements for breeding density. The feeding density of precious varieties such as pearls, butterfly tails, and blisters should be smaller.

5 Fish farming environment: Light, set, etc. are also related to maintaining the water quality in the aquarium. Too strong light will cause a large amount of algae to grow in the water. Appropriately shielding with curtains and regular cleaning will be effectively treated. Appropriate placement of sand beds at the bottom of the aquarium will also be beneficial to water cleaning. Not only can impurities be adsorbed, but it can also provide a breeding ground for nitrifying bacteria. Generally, the thickness is about 4 cm and the particles are about 4 mm. The sand bed is too thin and does not play an adsorption effect; the sand bed is too thick and will cause hypoxia to the bottom sand bed, causing organisms to rot. Too large particles will cause feed to sink into the gap, which is not conducive to goldfish feeding; too small is not conducive to water flow between particles and oxygen transmission, and is not conducive to the growth of nitrifying bacteria.

Pay attention to the above points, you will definitely have a tank of clear water to create an ideal living space for your beloved fish.

Water raising tips:

Quickly establish benign water quality: add water quality stabilizer to tap water, and place it to the aquarium when the water temperature is the same as the old water. Release active nitrifying bacteria, and add water quality clarifier to filter it out after 1-2 days. After that, add artificial nitrifying bacteria every week.

Goldfish have the beauty of "flowers in the water". It has a tank of pleasing goldfish, which is what most fish lovers dream of. China is the hometown of goldfish, and goldfish can be seen in the ornamental fish markets in large and medium-sized cities. The ancestor of goldfish was crucian carp, which gradually mutated after thousands of years of artificial breeding. Currently, the main categories include: dragon-type fish, represented by dragon-type fish and butterfly tail. Literal fish, represented by lion heads, pearls, and hats. Egg-type fish, represented by water bubbles, tiger heads, and looking at the sky. In the past 20 years, with the joint efforts of farmers and enthusiasts, some new varieties of Chinese goldfish have been continuously emerging, such as: Fuzhou Lanshou, red-headed tiger heads, crown pearls, etc. As goldfish enthusiasts, you can choose goldfish from the following five aspects.

1 Choose the time. Goldfish are generally cultivated outdoors in fish farms. After thousands of years of breeding, their own biological clock has been established. According to the region, they lay eggs in February-6 every spring. Generally, September-November is the best time for goldfish to go on the market. Goldfish during this period are 3-6 months old, and some varieties of characteristics can be highlighted, and faded has been completed, with preliminary ornamental characteristics. From July to August, you can see the 2-4-year-old fish that was eliminated from the fish farm, and goldfish that were the next year, and there are also high-quality products among them. However, due to the high temperature, it is not conducive to long-distance transportation of goldfish, so the supply is relatively small.

2 Choose a variety. According to your personal preference, you can choose any of the dozens of existing varieties. But it is best to understand the differences between each variety before choosing, which is beneficial to raising goldfish. For example: Pearls with too large variations, short intestines, clumsy swimming, and strict environmental requirements. They need to be raised in clear water and shallow water, and the feed is excellent and easy to enter. Soaked goldfish are not suitable for mixing with other goldfish, and are raised in naked tanks without any accessories to avoid blisters. For those who are new to raising goldfish, you can start with easy-to-raise and cheap goldfish. For example: Wenjin (Liujin), Longjing, etc.

3 Choose good products. Although Chinese goldfish have been breeding for thousands of years, they are still too short for a species. Therefore, many goldfish varieties are not very stable, and the yield rate of some new varieties is several tens of thousands. If a goldfish is kept at home for several months or even years, choosing a good goldfish can get more beauty. The general principle is to choose goldfish with obvious characteristics, easy swimming, symmetrical shape, and no disability.

The following table shows the variety characteristics of each variety of goldfish good products:

Disadvantages of classification varieties

Dragon-type dragon eyes are chessboards, symmetrical and bright body color. Four-leaf tail type and elegant variety is not expensive

The butterfly tail is plump, short and small, and has a wide tail shape, just like a peacock who becomes a fish tail that is easy to sag.

Wenzhong lion's head tumor is plump and not loose, it can wrap the eyes partly, and it can swim freely, and the tail-shaped head tumor is prone to ulceration.

The head tumor of the hat is plump and tight, but it expands to the cheek cover and the fish body. It is tall and swims freely. The head tumor is prone to ulceration.

The pearl scales are protruding, without lacking scales, and can move freely. The body is like a ball, the mouth is pointed, and the thin scales of the tail shank are easily fall off.

Wen Jin's head is small, with a bulging back, a fat body, and a flowing tail. It has bright colors and no obvious defects.

Egg-type bubbles are huge, symmetrical and transparent. The fish body is short and the tail-shaped bubbles are prone to breakage

Looking upward, your body is strong, your back is smooth, and your aquarium is not suitable for viewing.

Tiger head and head tumor are plump, full body shape, short tail shape, easy to fall into a fish

Lanshou's head tumor is plump and tight, with a plump body shape, with an arc on the back, and a 90-degree angle between the caudal fin and the spine, which makes it easy to fall into a fish.

Not only that, good-quality goldfish must also have complete fins, and egg-seeded fish have smooth backs, enthusiastic foraging and swim freely. Choosing good products is like choosing jade among stones, which is also the fun of choosing fish.

4. Choose the age of fish. The lifespan of domestic goldfish is mostly 4-6 years, and 2-3 years is the best ornamental fish age. At this stage, the goldfish breeds are obvious, strong and easy to swim. 4-6 years are elderly goldfish. The body color is fading, lazy to swim, weakened appetite, and very easy to get sick. Goldfish within 6 months have just begun to develop, and the breed characteristics are not obvious and the color is not fixed. The ratio of bad products is very high, and it is limited to family breeding conditions, so it is not easy to grow. Therefore, it is most suitable to choose goldfish aged 6-18 months. At this stage, goldfish have strong appetite and free swimming, and the breed characteristics are initially revealed, and the price is reasonable. They can be kept at home for about 2 years.

5 Choose colors. Goldfish are very rich in colors, red, black, blue, purple, bronze, white, five flowers, etc., and two or more colors can also be matched to create more combinations and interesting patterns. For example, three colors, magpies, jade seal head, crane head, etc. You can choose in the family according to your personal preferences and feeding environment. Goldfish are gray during the juvenile period, which is also a biological protection color. It is usually decolorized within 6 months. It is more likely to produce some excessive colors and patterns before 2 years old. White and red are the most stable colors. Other colors will change according to the age of the fish and feeding environment, especially for older goldfish.

Color characteristics of good color changes in aging

The red color is bright red as the best. When paired with other colors, the edges of the color block are clear. Yellow and red

The blue color is blue and blue, similar to blue black ink, commonly known as ink blue as the top gray-white

Black is as black as ink, and the belly is also black and gray-white

Purple color is brown-red, and body color is even yellow-red

The five flowers are mainly light blue bottom, and are distributed in black, red, yellow and white, with uniform color particles.

If you want to maintain color for a long time, you need to improve it from various aspects such as feed, water quality, and light. This will be expressed in another article.

Fish selection tips:

September to November each year is the best time to choose goldfish. Beginners can ask friends for advice or go to a large-scale fish shop to buy. The variety of goldfish is also very important.

Goldfish - Feed

Goldfish are omnivorous fish and have a wide range of food. This brings great convenience to the feeding of goldfish. However, if you want to achieve a good feeding effect, you must carefully understand the habits of goldfish and the characteristics of various feeds, so that the color you raise is bright and healthy. Good goldfish feed ingredients should include: protein, fiber, fat, various vitamins and trace elements.

Goldfish feed is mainly divided into two categories: aquatic biological feed and artificial synthetic feed.

Aquatic biological feed includes living or dry products of aquatic animals and plants that goldfish can feed. Including: water fleas (commonly known as "red jump"), sword water fleas (commonly known as "green jump"), blood worms (commonly known as "red worms"), water earthworms (commonly known as "nematodes"), duckweed, etc.

Among all aquatic biological feeds, after practical verification, the nutrition of water flea is the most comprehensive and is also the most suitable goldfish to feed among all feeds. When fleased with water fleas, goldfish are not only particularly fed with food, but also digested well, and the metabolites produced are not easy to muddy water. In addition, water fleas can also swallow the fine dirt suspended in the water, thereby purifying the water quality (commonly known as "take water"). However, water fleas generally rely on the output of nature and are affected by the seasons and weather. Therefore, it can only be purchased from April to November every year, which cannot meet the needs of domestic goldfish growing throughout the year. In addition, water fleas are not easy to preserve and will deteriorate in one day. Therefore, for modern people who are busy with work, it is not easy to rely entirely on water fleas to feed goldfish. Freezing or sun-drying can be used to extend the storage time, but its nutrients will also be lost in large quantities.

The nutrients of other aquatic biological feeds are not as comprehensive as those of water fleas, and often carry bacteria, causing goldfish to get sick. Therefore, disinfection and alternate feed feeding should be adopted to avoid the above disadvantages.

In the past decade, artificial synthetic feed has gradually appeared on the market, and the proportioning ingredients have become more reasonable. Using artificial synthetic feed to replace traditional aquatic biological feed to feed goldfish is not only hygienic and convenient, but also as long as you master the feeding method, you can also achieve good results.

Artificially synthesized feed can be divided into four types according to the shape: pellet feed, powder feed, flake feed, and patch feed.

Granular feed: It is the most common goldfish feed. Generally, it is mostly floating. After feeding, the pellet feed floats on the water surface, and the goldfish need to swim to the water surface and swallow it. It is especially suitable for feeding the sky-looking goldfish. It can maintain the shape of the sky-looking goldfish foraging upwards, thereby maintaining the breed characteristics. Since the pellet feed does not sink, it is not easy to leak into the gaps in the bottom sand of the aquarium and cause corruption. However, due to the influence of body shape and variety, goldfish that can only forage at the bottom of the water will starve because they cannot find food.

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