CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Can Penaeus vannamei be raised in freshwater? What conditions are required?

Can Penaeus vannamei be raised in freshwater? What conditions are required?

As early as the successful development of the technology for large-scale breeding of whiteleg shrimp, it is not a problem to provide fresh whiteleg shrimp all year round. Therefore, whiteleg shrimp can be raised in fresh water, but the following conditions must be met:

The importance of shrimp fry

The key is to select high-quality shrimp fry, and to adopt a reasonable stocking density. After stocking, measures must be taken to protect and strengthen the fry. The water depth is generally required to be maintained at 60 cm for about 10 days, and then add water 1-2 times every week. The depth of each water addition should be maintained at 10-20 cm, and the deepest should be maintained at 1.6 meters. After the water is full, the bottom water should be regularly drained.

It is better to release the shrimp fry in the morning when the weather is clear. When the sun shines on the water, about 50-60 cm of water should be released to enrich the water with oxygen, accelerate the molting of the shrimp, and help the growth of North American and South American shrimp.

Before shrimp fry are transferred, they need to be desalinated and cultured. Generally, the relative density of seawater is 1.02 when the fry are born. Only after the shrimp fry are desalinated can they be released. Therefore, the gradual desalination time is generally 5-7 days, the salinity is maintained at about 3%-5%, and the eating and external reactions are normal and sensitive. The shrimp fry are transparent and have a smooth surface. Only in this way can they be considered good shrimp fry that can be suitable for the desalinated waters.

The importance of environment

It is well known that Penaeus vannamei has strong adaptability. It can be raised in any aquaculture waters, whether it is river water, lake water, or cave water. As long as the water quality, nitrite, PH and other indicators meet its requirements and the water quality is not polluted, this is the first condition for its aquaculture. Freshwater aquaculture of Penaeus vannamei must be controlled, and salinity below 1% cannot be developed. If the aquaculture water needs to be disinfected, it is necessary to choose a disinfection product that is non-irritating and has no side effects on the aquaculture objects.

The importance of scientific feeding

The feeding level should be controlled accurately. If the feeding level is too high, the feed will not be eaten up, which will easily cause water quality damage and increase costs; if the feeding level is too low, it will easily cause the shrimp shell to be gray, and the shrimp body to be thin, affecting the quality of the shrimp. Pay attention to the even combination of various nutrients. Protein, vitamin C, calcium, phosphorus, etc. are all indispensable.

Disease control

As we know above, the adaptability, disease resistance and mortality rate of white shrimp cannot be underestimated compared with other seafood, so we must eliminate pathogens from the shrimp seedlings, and we must not take it lightly during the breeding process to prevent problems before they occur.

Can whiteleg shrimp be raised in freshwater? I believe you already know the answer to this question. When raising whiteleg shrimp in freshwater, you must pay attention to important factors such as shrimp fry selection, environment, feeding, disease prevention, etc., so that the probability of successful breeding will be increased.

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How to raise soft-shelled turtles in a white shrimp pond?

There are two modes of co-culture of white shrimp and soft-shelled turtle: one is to culture white shrimp with soft-shelled turtle as the main part, and feed the soft-shelled turtle with shrimp instead of soft-shelled turtle; the other is to culture soft-shelled turtle with shrimp as the main part, and feed the shrimp instead of soft-shelled turtle. These two co-culture modes and technologies are very suitable for the sandy seabed soil and slightly saline brackish water ponds in the coastal areas of my country. Generally, it is better to culture river shrimp and soft-shelled turtle in pure loamy freshwater ponds in the mainland.

(1) The principles and benefits of mixed culture of turtles, fish and white shrimp In ponds where turtles are mainly raised, the leftover bait and feces of turtles can easily deteriorate the water environment and affect the quality and yield of turtle farming. Especially during the breeding period, the large amount of zooplankton produced in the turtle pond is the main oxygen-consuming factor in the pond. Therefore, raising white shrimp in the turtle pond can effectively clean up the leftover bait of the turtles, while raising bighead carp, which mainly feeds on zooplankton, can improve the water quality. Therefore, raising white shrimp and fish in turtle ponds has many benefits, such as improving pond utilization, saving pre-closed feed, improving the aquatic environment, and improving product quality and yield.

After several years of trials and promotion, the economic benefits of mixed culture of turtles, fish and whiteleg shrimp in ponds have increased by more than 2,000 yuan per mu compared with single pond culture. (2) Basic conditions The area of ​​a single pond is 5 to 6 mu, the average pond depth is 1.5 meters, the water depth is 1.2 meters, and the pond slope is required to be 1:4. The water quality of the source water should meet the standards of GB 11607. The soil of the pond is sandy loam. It is convenient to fill and drain, and a feeding table is set 10 cm away from the water surface. A waterwheel-type aerator is set for every 5 mu, and a cement tile anti-escape wall is set around the pond. (3) Pond cleaning and disinfection Ponds are cleaned with chlorine dioxide according to the product instructions. After 2 days, the pond water is filled to the standard water level and then stocked. (4) Pattern and quantity of stocking turtles, fish and whiteleg shrimp See Table 18 for the quantity and combination of stocking turtles, fish and whiteleg shrimp per mu.

Table 18 Details of the stocking quantity and combination of soft-shelled turtles, fish and shrimps per mu Stocking pattern Stocking species Stocking specification (g/piece, tail) Stocking quantity (piece, tail) Polyculture pattern with soft-shelled turtle as the main species Turtle 350 600 Bighead carp 200 50 Whiteleg shrimp 30 000 Polyculture pattern with shrimp as the main species Whiteleg shrimp 80 000 Bighead carp 200 50 Turtle 350 50 (5) Stocking Shrimp should be released first, followed by soft-shelled turtle and fish.

① Test the water before releasing the shrimp fry: The water should be tested before releasing the shrimp fry. The method is to scoop a basin of water from the pond where the shrimp is to be released, and then put the shrimp fry into the basin. If there is no abnormality within 24 hours, the shrimp fry can be released.

② Stocking: Generally, shrimp fry are first released in early May, followed by fish and turtle species half a month later. Before stocking, the turtle species are soaked in 3% salt water for 5 minutes to disinfect the turtle body, and the fish are soaked in 0.2% salt water for 5 minutes to disinfect the fish body. Shrimp fry are directly stocked. (6) Feeding The feeding of soft-shelled turtles is based on the "four determinations" principle. Determination of quality: commercial compound feed can be used; Determination of quantity: 3% of the turtle's stocking weight can be given, and the feeding amount for the next meal can be adjusted by 5% according to the turtle's eating habits; Timing: Feed twice a day, at 6:00 and 17:00; Positioning: Feed is made into soft pellets and fed to the feeding table.

After stocking, white shrimp are fed shrimp feed for 20 days, and then stopped after 20 days; bighead carp are not fed. (7) Water ecological management When the pH is low, quicklime should be used to adjust the concentration to 30 g/m3 (the functions of quicklime are to clarify the water quality, increase the calcium ions in the water body, and adjust the pH). Aerators should be turned on appropriately during the hot season. (8) Pond inspections are required once in the morning and once in the evening every day. The inspection items include the eating conditions of turtles, changes in water quality, the integrity of pond facilities, and the removal of dead and sick turtles. Pond inspection records should be kept, and any problems found should be dealt with in a timely manner. (9) Fishing until mid-October, turtles, fish, and shrimps basically stop eating. Bighead carp starts fishing at the end of September and is put on the market during the National Day; white shrimp starts fishing in early October and basically ends on the 15th. Fishing uses ground traps and shrimp nets; soft-shelled turtles start fishing in early November.

(1) The principle and benefits of mixed culture of turtle, fish and Penaeus vannamei In ponds where turtles are mainly raised, the leftover bait and feces of turtles can easily deteriorate the water environment and affect the quality and yield of turtle farming. Especially during the breeding period, the large amount of zooplankton produced in the turtle dust elimination pond is the main oxygen consumption factor in the pond. Therefore, raising Penaeus vannamei in turtle ponds can effectively clean up the leftover bait of turtles, while raising bighead carp, which mainly feeds on zooplankton, can improve the water quality. Therefore, raising Penaeus vannamei and fish in turtle ponds has many benefits, such as improving pond utilization, saving feed, improving the aquatic environment, and improving product quality and yield. After several years of trials and promotion, the economic benefits of mixed culture of turtles, fish and Penaeus vannamei in ponds have increased by more than 2,000 yuan per mu compared with single culture.

(2) Basic conditions: The single pond area is 5-6 mu, the average pond depth is 1.5 meters, the water depth is 1.2 meters, and the pond slope is required to be 1:4. The water source quality should meet the standards of GB11607. The pond soil is sandy loam. It is convenient to fill and drain. A feed table is set 10 cm away from the water surface. A waterwheel-type aerator is set for every 5 mu, and an escape-proof wall is set up around the pond with cement tiles.

(3) Cleaning and disinfecting the pond Use chlorine dioxide to clean the pond as per the product instructions. After 2 days, fill the pond with water to the standard water level and prepare for stocking.

(4) The pattern and quantity of releasing soft-shelled turtles, fish and white shrimp for breeding. The quantity and combination of soft-shelled turtles, fish and white shrimp per mu are shown in 8.

8 Details of the quantity and combination of turtles, fish and shrimps per mu

(5) When stocking, shrimps should be released first, followed by turtles and fish.

① Test the water before releasing the shrimp fry: The water should be tested before releasing the shrimp fry. The method is to scoop a basin of water from the pond where the shrimp is to be released, and then put the shrimp fry into the basin. If there is no abnormality within 24 hours, the shrimp fry can be released.

② Stocking: Generally, shrimp fry are first released in early May, followed by fish and turtle species half a month later. Before stocking, the turtle species are soaked in 3% salt water for 5 minutes to disinfect the turtle body, and the fish are soaked in 0.2% salt water for 5 minutes to disinfect the fish body. Shrimp fry are directly stocked.

(6) Feeding turtles should be fed according to the "four fixed" principles. Fixed quality: commercial compound feed can be used; Quantity: 3% of the turtle's stocking weight can be fed, and the amount of the next meal can be adjusted by 5% according to the turtle's eating habits; Timing: Feed twice a day, at 6:00 and 17:00; Positioning: Feed is made into soft pellets and fed to the feeding table. After stocking, white shrimp are fed with shrimp feed for 20 days, and then stopped after 20 days; bighead carp are not fed.

(7) Water Ecological Management When the pH is low, quicklime should be used to adjust the concentration to 30 g/m3 (the functions of quicklime are to clarify the water quality, increase the calcium ion content of the water body, and adjust the pH). In hot seasons, aerators should be turned on appropriately.

(8) Pond inspections are required once in the morning and once in the evening every day. The items to be observed during the inspections include the turtles’ eating habits, water quality changes, the integrity of pond facilities, and the removal of dead and sick turtles. Pond inspections should keep records and any problems found should be dealt with in a timely manner.

(9) By mid-October, turtles, fish and shrimps have basically stopped eating. Bighead carp fishing starts at the end of September and is available on the National Day. Whiteleg shrimp fishing starts at the beginning of October and is basically finished by the 15th. Fishing is done with ground traps and shrimp nets. Turtles are gradually being caught and available in early November.

This article is from: China Agricultural Press "Animal Welfare and Meat Production"