CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the things to pay attention to when breeding forest frogs?

What are the precautions for breeding forest frogs?

Pay attention to the breeding environment, the quality of frog oil, and prevent fraud

1. Topography and terrain

Frog farms are usually built with high mountains on both sides and a valley in the middle, which is what farmers call "a valley between two mountains". If the environment is wide, it must be more than 150-200 meters wide. There must be a large and concentrated relatively flat area in the valley to build a breeding farm. The relative height of the mountain is more than 100 meters, and gentle slopes are preferred.

2. Forests

Forests are the main habitat of wood frogs, and they live in forests for about 5 months each year. The forests where wood frogs live are mainly large-scale broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests.

The forest layers should be appropriate, that is, the tree layer should be dense, with the tree crowns closed to each other, the light under the forest should be dim, and the shrub layer should be prosperous to help regulate the light and humidity under the forest: the herbaceous plant layer and the dead branches and leaves layer should be selected in places with lush plants and thicker litter layers, so as to provide sufficient food and a good habitat for the forest frog.

(III) Water source

Water source is another important condition for choosing a frog farm. There must be sufficient water in the dry season, that is, there must be one or several mountain streams that do not dry up in summer and flow in winter. The streams should have gravel or silt as the bottom, and the water volume should not be too large or too small. Generally, it is 1-3 meters wide and 0.3-0.5 meters deep.

2. Selection and construction of breeding grounds

1. Selection of breeding grounds

The breeding ground is the place where forest frogs reproduce. From laying eggs to turning into young frogs, everything must be done in the breeding ground. The breeding ground should be located in the center of the entire frog farm. Choose a flat, large, sunny place for centralized construction. The breeding ground should be close to the river so that river water can be used for gravity irrigation. Clay soil with good water retention is preferred. The breeding ground should be concentrated rather than dispersed. In order to facilitate the evacuation of tadpoles, several breeding grounds can be established in farms with long valleys, and the tadpoles can be raised in sections to achieve local breeding and stocking. The breeding ground should be within 2,000 meters from the stocking ground to avoid long-distance transportation and tadpole death.

(II) Construction of breeding grounds

The breeding farm is mainly composed of four types of pools: spawning pool, hatching pool, feeding pool and metamorphosis pool. The first three types of pools should be built in a centralized manner, metamorphosis pools should be reasonably distributed in the frog farm, and sunbathing pools should also be built in areas with lower temperatures.

1. Spawning pool, hatching pool, and rearing pool. In order to effectively utilize the breeding ground and facilitate management, after testing, these three pools can be uniformly built according to the standard of rearing pool. Each pool is a rectangle of 20-40 square meters, with a depth of about 0.5 meters, a lower width of 0.4-0.5 meters, and an upper width of about 0.3-0.4 meters. The entire pool bank is preferably trapezoidal. A safety pit with an upper opening of 50 cm and a depth of about 0.3 cm is built in the pool to prevent water shortage in the pool and tadpoles from dying. The pools should be built in rows and columns, and the main water channel should be built between the two rows of pools. Each pool should have diagonal inlets and inlets and inlets on the same side so that different irrigation methods can be adopted according to different production periods. When building, pay attention to preventing water leakage. Silt can be used to fill the seams. In serious cases, the bottom of the pool can be covered with plastic film to retain water, and then sand and gravel can be laid on the surface of the bottom of the pool to prevent the sludge at the bottom of the pool from contaminating the egg mass. In some areas with lower temperatures, one or more drying pools should be built upstream of the breeding grounds so that river water can pass through the drying pools to increase its temperature before being injected into the breeding pools. The drying pools are also built according to the terrain, with a water depth of 0.3-0.4 meters and an area that can be large or small according to conditions, so as to be able to provide sufficient water for the breeding pools.

2. Metamorphosis Pool

The metamorphosis pool is the place where tadpoles metamorphose and go ashore, and it also plays an evacuation role. Therefore, the metamorphosis pool should be located near the water in the frog farm and evenly distributed to avoid excessive local density when the young frogs go up the mountain. The metamorphosis pool should be built as far as possible under the sunny slope, because the temperature is low in spring and the sunny slope is more suitable for the growth of young frogs. The area of ​​the metamorphosis pool should be 25-30 square meters, and the depth of the pool should be about 50 centimeters. The entire pool is in the shape of a pot bottom, that is, the pool stem has a certain slope, which is conducive to the young frogs going up the mountain because the tadpoles have a large breathing volume during the metamorphosis period and need a lot of water to maintain the oxygen content and the cleanliness of the pool water. Therefore, when building a metamorphosis pool, you should choose a place with water.

I want to raise mealworms. What are the profits and market conditions? Thank you.

The scientific method of removing freckles is not a single method, because the causes of freckles are multifaceted. Therefore, a unilateral method of removing freckles is unscientific.

It is not possible to remove freckles by relying solely on one freckle removal product. First, you need to analyze the specific reasons for the formation of freckles on your body. According to the reasons for the formation of freckles, choosing a freckle removal method and a regular freckle removal product that suits you is a scientific way to remove freckles.

There are many reasons for the formation of pigmentation, which can be roughly divided into external reasons and internal reasons:

External causes: ultraviolet rays in the sun, environmental pollution, excessive use of cosmetics, radiation from electrical appliances, etc.;

Internal reasons: life pressure, work pressure, bad temper, endocrine system disorders, insufficient human metabolic capacity, etc.;

In addition to choosing a freckle removal method that suits you, you should also pay attention to the following points in your daily life:

Ensure a good work and rest schedule and don’t stay up late;

Cleansing is the basis of whitening

Every time you cleanse your face, you must be very careful and clean your skin thoroughly. This can specially condition the skin pores, and when using whitening, moisturizing and other skin care products, it can also allow nutrients to better penetrate into the bottom layer of the skin, thereby achieving twice the result with half the effort. Friends who love makeup should use cleansing milk for secondary cleansing after using makeup remover products to ensure that there is no makeup residue on the skin. ~

Sun protection is the top priority

Whether it is summer or winter, cloudy or sunny, you should take good sun protection. Even if there is no sunlight, ultraviolet rays are still everywhere, so sun protection should become your habit. Try to avoid going out when the sun is strong. Applying sunscreen is a powerful weapon to prevent skin tanning, sunburn and photoaging. Remember to reapply every two or three hours to complete the sun protection program.

The method of removing spots is the key

If you want to remove the spots on your face as quickly as possible, you must find an effective way to remove them - use a freckle cream. However, when choosing a freckle cream, you must choose a good freckle cream, such as a product that combines internal and external dual-directional freckle removal, which is very good at removing freckles and can effectively solve various facial freckle problems.

Vitamins are essential

Avoid light-sensitive foods and eat more foods rich in vitamins A, C, E, etc. These ingredients can not only regulate human functions and improve immunity, but also improve skin tissue and inhibit pigmentation. Usually eat more fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins, such as tomatoes, hawthorns, oranges, cabbages, etc., which can increase the vitality of the skin and make the skin white and translucent.

Be careful about your daily diet

Pay attention to the consumption of fruits and vegetables, treat them differently, and try to avoid eating some photosensitive foods, such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, spinach, leeks, celery, coriander, white radish, beans, etc. These vegetables make the skin prone to spots more likely to develop chloasma. Generally speaking, most vegetables with volatile spicy and special smells are photosensitive vegetables.

The freckle removal method of internal adjustment and external nourishment is a scientific freckle removal method. It is a natural freckle removal method that does not hurt the skin.

It is not possible to remove freckles by relying solely on one freckle removal product. First, you need to analyze the specific reasons for the formation of freckles on your body. According to the reasons for the formation of freckles, choosing a freckle removal method and a regular freckle removal product that suits you is a scientific way to remove freckles.

There are many reasons for the formation of pigmentation, which can be roughly divided into external reasons and internal reasons:

External causes: ultraviolet rays in the sun, environmental pollution, excessive use of cosmetics, radiation from electrical appliances, etc.;

Internal reasons: life pressure, work pressure, bad temper, endocrine system disorders, insufficient human metabolic capacity, etc.;

In addition to choosing a freckle removal method that suits you, you should also pay attention to the following points in your daily life:

Ensure a good work and rest schedule and don’t stay up late;

Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun: When going out, be sure to take protective measures and choose protective skin care products with sunscreen and whitening effects. Exercise appropriately to promote blood circulation and metabolism.

Avoid eating foods or drinks with high pigment content: such as soy sauce fried rice, cola, chocolate, cocoa, etc. People who deal with computers all year round should apply some isolation cream and wash their faces immediately after using the computer. Proper maintenance and care before and after pregnancy can reduce the appearance of pregnancy spots.

Sufficient sleep: Staying up late is a big killer of the skin. People who often stay up late are particularly prone to skin problems. Not only will the face be dull, but dark circles and eye bags will also appear. The skin cannot detoxify in time, and the accumulated pigment will also settle. Over time, it is easy to develop spots. Every day we should develop the good habit of going to bed early and getting up early, so that your skin can breathe deeply at night.

Good living habits: Good living habits can effectively prevent and reduce the spots caused by acquired factors and maintain tender skin. The face needs to be cared for. Pay attention to some simple details. If you stick to it, you will definitely have a smooth and white face.

To remove freckles, you should not only use freckle removal products that are officially registered, but also use them both internally and externally. You also need to improve your unhealthy daily living habits, so that the scientific freckle removal effect is the best.

It is not possible to remove freckles by relying solely on one freckle removal product. First, you need to analyze the specific reasons for the formation of freckles on your body. According to the reasons for the formation of freckles, choosing a freckle removal method and a regular freckle removal product that suits you is a scientific way to remove freckles.

If you want to completely remove freckles, you must first know how freckles are formed. Starting from the root of the problem, you can better find the key solution to the problem. Knowing the cause, we can get twice the result with half the effort when removing freckles.

Genetic factors: Freckles are often inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.

Menstrual cycle: Freckles are also related to the menstrual cycle. Women are more likely to have freckles than men.

Sun exposure factors: mainly the damage to the skin caused by ultraviolet rays from the sun, which will cause the secretion and precipitation of melanin. In the summer, under ultraviolet rays, the color of freckles will deepen, so timely repair is necessary.

High mental stress: High mental stress will inevitably lead to the secretion of adrenaline. If the body is under stress for a long time, the metabolic balance will be disrupted, the nutrition needed by the skin will be supplied more slowly, and the pigment cells will become active.

There are many reasons for the formation of pigmentation, which can be roughly divided into external and internal reasons.

In addition to choosing a freckle removal method that suits you, you should also pay attention to the following points in your daily life:

Ensure a good work and rest schedule and don’t stay up late;

Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun: When going out, be sure to take protective measures and choose protective skin care products with sunscreen and whitening effects. Exercise appropriately to promote blood circulation and metabolism.

Avoid eating foods or drinks with high pigment content: such as soy sauce fried rice, cola, chocolate, cocoa, etc. People who deal with computers all year round should apply some isolation cream and wash their faces immediately after using the computer. Proper maintenance and care before and after pregnancy can reduce the appearance of pregnancy spots.

Sufficient sleep: Staying up late is a big killer of the skin. People who often stay up late are particularly prone to skin problems. Not only will the face be dull, but dark circles and eye bags will also appear. The skin cannot detoxify in time, and the accumulated pigment will also settle. Over time, it is easy to develop spots. Every day we should develop the good habit of going to bed early and getting up early, so that your skin can breathe deeply at night.

Good living habits: Good living habits can effectively prevent and reduce the spots caused by acquired factors and maintain tender skin. The face needs to be cared for. Pay attention to some simple details. If you stick to it, you will definitely have a smooth and white face.

You can join the QQ group first to find out more.

The breeding and application prospects of yellow mealworms 1. The breeding and application prospects of yellow mealworms

Yellow mealworm. In insect taxonomy, it belongs to the order Coleoptera, family Pseudopodidae, and genus Pseudopodidae. It has the characteristics of fast growth and high reproduction coefficient. Its main food is wheat bran, crop straw bran powder and discarded vegetables. It is also called mealworm (because it is used as an additive in bread abroad). Its protein content ranks first among all living animals. Yellow mealworm is a species in nature.

There are 330,000 known species in China; countries around the world have begun to strengthen the development and utilization of insect resources. Insect dishes are very common. Some insect food developers in the UK and West Germany have developed and produced more than a dozen insect beverages. my country is also currently conducting research on the development of mealworms. At present, there are more than 1.8 million known insect species in the world. And many results have been achieved. On the tables of Mexico, France, Australia, New Zealand and other places.

Large-scale production project of mealworms. Utilize and transform organic waste resources, mainly crop straw. Reduce energy waste. Develop emerging insect industries, the basic content of which is to create employment opportunities for surplus rural labor and laid-off urban workers. Turn waste into treasure. Purify the ecological environment. Produce animal high-protein feed and promote the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of new mealworm varieties. The project is currently advancing towards industrial deep processing on the basis of completing new variety selection, laboratory breeding, and industrial-scale production.

In order to realize the industrialization of the mealworm project as soon as possible, implement the standardization and institutionalization of project operation, and at the same time have a unified rule for coordination with other departments, so that franchisees can get better, more detailed and more thoughtful services, and provide relevant personnel with a convenient, fast and standardized operating method in the process of business development. And take this as a criterion to improve the operational efficiency of the project. The company specially compiled this information.

2. Analysis of the uses of mealworms and their broad market space

According to relevant experts, it is also rich in nine essential amino acids and proteins for the human body. And it is consistent with the normal proportion of the human body. It has a huge room for development. Foods, beverages, and condiments developed with fresh mealworms or defatted protein as raw materials are constantly emerging. Insect pupae not only contain a large amount of chitin, antimicrobial peptide defensins and exogenous lectins that have special effects on the human body, but also contain a variety of nutrients such as free amino acids, vitamins, mineral elements, and unsaturated fatty acids. They are easily absorbed and utilized. Insect food will be a complete nutritious food for humans in the 21st century. Such as dishes, bread, biscuits, canned mealworm pupae, mealworm compound supplements, etc. Relevant experts predict that the large-scale production of insect pupa food will be an emerging industry after vegetables and eggs, creating a new energy field and an emerging project of the national food basket project. Insect pupae are favored by consumers for their pure natural, pollution-free, fragrant and delicious, high nutritional value and unique nourishing effects. Some high-end hotels in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Changsha, Nanning and other places have already sold them. The prices of insect pupae continue to rise in various places. At Beijing's New Century Hotel, fried insect pupae sell for 138 yuan per plate. At Shanghai's Tongchuan Road Aquatic Products Market, mealworm pupae sell for 78 yuan per kilogram, and they are often out of stock, making them a rare commodity.

According to expert test and analysis, the fat content is 28.20%, and the protein content of fresh mealworms is as high as 61%. And 18 kinds of amino acids necessary for animal growth. Its various nutritional components rank first among all kinds of foods. According to feeding determination. The nutritional value of 20 kg of mixed feed and 100 kg of green feed, in addition to phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, aluminum and other macro elements and a variety of trace elements. Every 100 grams of dry product contains up to 947.91 micrograms of amino acids. The nutritional value of 1 kg of mealworms is equivalent to 25 kg of wheat bran. It is known as a treasure trove of protein feed. According to experiments conducted by relevant units, it is the best feed for breeding spiders, centipedes, scorpions, snakes, poultry and livestock. Practice has proved that using mealworms as feed can accelerate their growth and development, increase reproduction rate, and disease resistance. The survival rate of young poultry raised with mealworms is over 95%. It can also be used as live feed to feed various high-end aquatic fish, scorpions, forest frogs, turtles, geckos, and birds. Feeding egg-laying poultry can increase the egg-laying rate by half. Feeding spiders, scorpions and other animals can greatly increase their reproduction rate. Since mealworms contain high levels of nutrients such as protein, amino acids, fats, and sugars, they are sweaty and soft, have strong vitality, and are very easy to raise, so they are selected as good feed by zoos and farms in various places. Feeding Chinese forest frogs with mealworms and selling them in two years has good commercial value and high benefits. It is the main feed for artificial breeding of Chinese forest frogs, and frog farmers in Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning provinces are very concerned about this.

As the saying goes. How can we give up enjoying any kind of food? Food is the first necessity of the people. As a Chinese who knows how to eat.

Insects that are commonplace have become delicious delicacies that I will never forget. I have discovered in the ever-innovative delicacies that they can also strengthen the body, beautify and rejuvenate. In normal days, they seem ordinary. Today, they can be served on the table. People's current tables are not only used to simply solve the problem of food and clothing.

The nutritional value of mealworms is high. The pupa contains 57% crude protein, which is 11 times that of milk. Vitamin B1 is 15 times that of milk. The larvae contain 56.58% crude protein and 28.20% fat. The adult contains 64% crude protein (according to the "Chinese Medicine Science and Technology News"), of which the total protein is 7.8 times that of meat; the free amino acid content is about 50-100 times that of mammals. It exceeds the reference value proposed by FAA/WHO by 40%. The content of fat-soluble vitamins ADEK and water-soluble B vitamins is extremely rich. Vitamin B2 is 1800 times that of milk, and vitamin B6 is 52 times that of milk. In addition, it has macro-mineral elements such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and magnesium; trace mineral elements such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, chromium, selenium, boron, iodine, etc. The content of nutrients is much richer than that of milk and meat. It is rich in 8 kinds of amino acids, proteins, phosphorus, iron, sodium, calcium and other macroelements and trace elements that are needed by the human body. The content is higher than that of milk and meat. It is rich in nutrition and has the effects of improving human immunity, anti-fatigue, delaying aging, lowering blood lipids, strengthening physical fitness, and anti-cancer. The effects are superior to existing market products. The insect chitin granules are developed as the latest anti-cancer drugs. It is highly nutritious; famous foreign biological product companies use mealworms to make nutritional health products. SOD extracted from mealworms is used as anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, whitening and other cosmetics. For example, the anti-cancer drug Juduoshan recently developed in Japan is extracted from mealworm chitin. Foods made from mealworm powder (bread, cakes, etc.) taste delicious.

At present, many people flock to restaurants to eat insect meals and believe that they can also beautify and nourish the skin. Once the insects that she was afraid of were placed on the plates of restaurants, these wriggling insects were connected with deliciousness, health and beauty, and a new diet trend swept through Beijing and other major cities. While such food increases nutrition, it seems to be covered with a layer of mysterious light. But some people may still think that it is a rather incredible thing. So, what are the benefits of eating insect meals? Is it true that it can beautify? According to Professor Wang Guangya, an expert from the Academy of Preventive Medicine of the Chinese Nutrition Society, the protein in insect pupae is quite rich, because they must have enough protein to metamorphose into adult insects, so pupae and vegetables are rich in protein. The Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the School of Food Science of Jiangnan University, one of the most authoritative universities in China in the field of nutrition and food, have refined an active nutritional protein from an insect in nature that cannot be invaded by bacteria, and successfully developed a fourth-generation health product DD insect active protein using it as a raw material. It is rich in chitin and antibacterial peptides, which have an inhibitory effect on fatty liver and other diseases of wealth and civilization. It can strengthen liver function, remove liver endotoxins and excess fat, and activate liver cells and liver tissue. Because the protein metabolism provided by the liver is disordered, it will cause a decrease in plasma protein. Insect protein can supplement the active protein needed by the liver, and regulate protein. Insect active protein can also eliminate excess harmful cholesterol, lower blood sugar and blood pressure, improve microcirculation, purify blood, and restore and prevent a variety of complications. Insect active protein is a fourth-generation health product, a high-tech natural nutritional product that is popular all over the world. A professor at the Institute of Entomology of Sun Yat-sen University also pointed out that insects are indeed very nutritious. Insects are rich in nutrients such as protein, unsaturated fatty acids, chitin (chitin polysaccharide), vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive substances. What is particularly valuable is that many nutrients are unique to insects. The protein content of insects is not only many times higher than that of poultry and livestock meat, but the fat content is much lower than that of poultry and livestock. Eating insects will not cause an increase in cholesterol levels. In addition, insects have a very good health-care effect, and some can even cure diseases. Many female diners eat insect pupae because they are rich in protein, and regard them as a good product for both health and beauty. If you love gourmet food and like to hunt for novelty, then a meal with insects can satisfy your curiosity.

After laboratory analysis, it can also be used as roughage to feed livestock and poultry such as pigs, cattle, chickens, ducks, fish, etc. The application of high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer with insects as the main raw material can not only enhance soil fertility, but also reduce agricultural production costs. Improve the agricultural ecological environment. Yellow mealworm feces contain 3.37% nitrogen, 1.04% phosphorus, and seven trace elements of zinc, boron, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium, and copper. Yellow mealworm feces is a good organic fertilizer. Increase crop yields and improve the quality of agricultural products. Improve soil structure. Promote the sustainable development of planting industry. At present, the supply of truly high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer products on the market is not large, and there is an instability problem, which cannot meet the needs of high-efficiency agricultural production. Therefore, the high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer produced by this project with insect feces as the main raw material has a good market prospect.

Through determination. The total nitrogen content is 3.37%. The total nitrogen content is 1.41%. Its nutritional content is equivalent to cottonseed cake. The crude protein content in the excrement of mature mealworm larvae is 24%. The total P:O content is 1.04%. The fat content is 7.65%. The contents of zinc, boron, manganese, iron, magnesium, calcium and copper in the excrement are 322ppm, 14.6ppm, 109ppm, 460ppm, 0.31% respectively.

3. Necessity and feasibility of large-scale breeding of mealworms

It is in line with the industrial policy that the country vigorously supports. The large-scale production and industrialization project of mealworms is a new type of high-tech and straw comprehensive utilization environmentally friendly product. It is listed as an industry and product that is key to support development, technological transformation, infrastructure construction and production. It has also become a scientific research project of Shandong Agricultural University. This is one of the special funding projects of the National Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Harvest Plan of the Ministry of Agriculture. The state formulates high-tech industry development plans and industrial policies.

Open up a new way to utilize and transform agricultural organic waste resources, mainly crop straw. China is a big agricultural country. Less than 20% is used for livestock feeding and less than 10% is used as firewood. The rest are burned on the spot or piled up for a long time to rot naturally. It also hinders traffic and pollutes the environment. Utilizing and transforming these organic wastes, 500-600 million tons of various crop straws and vines are produced each year. It not only causes waste of resources, blocks rivers, and produces certain economic benefits, but also is one of the work priorities of governments at all levels and is also the eager expectation of the majority of farmers. Yellow mealworms can fully transform industrial and agricultural organic wastes (detritus) such as straw into materials that can be used by humans, solving the problem of waste of a large amount of straw and other detritus resources and environmental pollution, establishing a new detritus ecosystem that is different from the traditional ecological food chain, and opening up a new way for humans to obtain protein.

Large-scale promotion. Increase employment opportunities. Mealworms are highly adaptable. Both industrial breeding and decentralized breeding are possible. Centralized processing. Particularly suitable for the company + base + farmer model, which can form a new industry. Breeding technology is easy to master. Suitable for decentralized breeding. Regional scale development is easy to succeed, and it can become a leading project for agricultural industrialization in a county or a city. Taking household breeding as an example, every 5 tons of commercial insects produced can increase 3 jobs. After the industry is formed, it can effectively alleviate the employment pressure in rural and urban areas. This project not only has significant economic benefits, but also has significant social benefits.

Mealworm feed does not consume grain. It can be used to feed various livestock and poultry and a variety of economic animals. Through the intermediate link of mealworm, a new path has been opened up for agricultural industrialization. It can also convert feed that cannot be converted by large livestock and poultry into high-quality protein feed. People use the breeding of small livestock such as mealworm as a springboard to solve the long-standing problem of dividing grain between humans and livestock. The traditional single-item single-loop agricultural production model is transformed into a multi-item multi-loop agricultural production model, so that agricultural production itself forms an industrial chain.

4. Economic Benefit Analysis of Mealworm Breeding

It can lay eggs continuously for 60-90 days (calculated as 60 days). It can lay eggs 15 times in 60 days, and can lay 25 boxes of eggs at a time. It lays eggs once every 4 days. Each box of adults weighs one jin. Based on the purchase price of 10 yuan/kg for live worms and 30 yuan/kg for dried worms, the economic benefits are analyzed as follows: 100 jin of seed worms can be raised for 2040 days according to different seasons. It can produce at least 25 jin of adult worms. It is based on 100 jin of seed worms introduced from us. Now according to our breeding practice. It can produce 8-10 jin of commercial worms. 1. The economic benefits of producing commercial worms: In this cycle (3 months), commercial worms can be produced: 25 boxes 22 times 8 jin/box = 4400 jin. According to our minimum protection price of 10 yuan/kg, the income can be 22,000 yuan. 1 jin of commercial insects can produce 0.6 jin of insect feces. The price here is 0.25 yuan/jin. The income from selling insect feces is: 0.64400 jin 0.25 yuan = 660 yuan. Excluding costs, wheat bran, vegetables, labor and electricity costs, the cost is 2.5 yuan per jin, which is 11,000 yuan, and the net income is 11,660 yuan. In the first year, according to three cycles, excluding the average initial equipment investment of 3,000 yuan and the introduction fee of 5,600 yuan, the net income can be 26,380 yuan. In the next year, four cycles can be raised and the net income can be 46,640 yuan. It is more profitable to raise pigs or chickens with yellow mealworm feces and insect molts. If the first egg is inoculated, the amount of seed is increased, and the profit can be doubled. In addition, for every ton of live insects produced, 1.5 kilograms of insect chitin can be produced, and the market price is 2-3 yuan per gram.

5. Understanding and breeding cycle of mealworms

Yellow mealworm is a completely metamorphosed insect. 1.4-1.8 cm long. The head is pronotum type. The head, thorax and legs are light brown, which means there are four metamorphosis: adult, egg, larva and pupa. The adult body is long and flat. Dark brown with a metallic luster. The two sides of the lip base do not exceed the base of the tactile sense. The adult is in the process of eclosion. The abdomen and elytra are milky white. At first, the insect body is tender and unwilling to move. After 2-3 days, the color becomes darker, the elytra become hard, flexible but not flying, and crawling faster. After careful feeding, the adult groups mate and lay eggs. The adult lays 2-4 eggs each time, and each female lays about 300-600 eggs, which are scattered on the sieve at the bottom of the feed. The adult stage is about 60 days. The eggs are white and oval, about 1 mm in size. The egg stage is about 8-10 days. The larvae are brown-yellow, 2-3 cm long, with obvious body segments, 3 pairs of thoracic legs, and a pair of tail protrusions on the 9th abdominal segment. The larvae are yellow-white when they hatch, gradually turning brown-yellow, and molt once every 9 days on average. Each molt is one age, and they molt 7 times in total. After the last molt, they pupate on the surface of the feed. The larval stage is about 60 days. The pupa is white, then turns white-yellow, with obvious body segments, and the pupal stage is 12-15 days.

Larvae: The appearance is very similar to wireworms and ground beetles. The base of the lip is obvious. It is herbivorous. The body of the newly hatched larvae is milky white. After molting, the body is slender. There is a clear suture between the upper lip and the forehead. It is about 2 mm long. Each molt is one instar. It turns brownish yellow. The mature larvae are 20-30 mm long, with obvious body segments, 3 pairs of thoracic legs, and a pair of tails on the 9th abdominal segment. The body width of the adult larvae is 33.5 mm and weighs 0.130.24 grams. When it molts for the last time, it pupates on the surface of the feed. The larval period is about 50-70 days.

Pupa: The pupa is milky white when it just turns from a mature larva. Very tender. Later, the body color turns grayish white. Typical naked pupa. Pupa is 15-20 mm long. Weight is about 0.15-0.25 g/pupa. There are light-colored vertical stripes on the back, and the body surface is soft. The body surface becomes harder. It is about 3 mm wide. The beak is black. There are nipples on the sides of the abdomen (the nipples of male pupae are not obvious, the base is healed, and the ends extend to the back; the female pupae are obvious, the ends are flat, slightly keratinized, bifurcated, and significantly curved outwards). The thorax is large, with rudimentary wings and appendages on the sides, and the head is also large, with a pair of black eyes.

Adult: The first pair of wings of newly emerged adults are soft. Then they turn yellow. Gradually they turn black with a metallic luster. The two sides of the lip base do not exceed the base of the tactile sense and are white. Yellow-brown. The head is pronotum-type. During the process of emergence, the head, thorax, and legs of adults are light brown, and the abdomen and elytra are milky white. At first, the insect body is tender and unwilling to move. The elytra are black and hard, and flexible. The second pair of wings are membranous wings, but they cannot fly due to degeneration and crawl very fast. After careful feeding, the adult groups mate and lay eggs. Adults lay 24 eggs each time, and each female lays about 300-600 eggs, which are scattered under the sieve at the bottom of the feed. The adult period is about 30-90 days. The adult looks like a firefly, with a body length of 1018 mm and a width of 46 mm. The body weighs 0.10.2 grams per individual, and the body is divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen, with a total of 13 segments. The head has one segment with a pair of antennae, and the end of the 23 segments is swollen and rod-shaped, with the mouth located on the side and lower part of the head. The head is small, partially embedded in the prothorax, with a pair of black jaws, chewing mouthparts. The thorax has three segments, and there is no obvious dividing line between the pronotum and the side plates, which are mostly fused, and the lateral ventral suture of the prothorax is obvious. The abdomen has a total of 8 segments, 5 of which are visible, and the tail has 1 segment. The male has a copulatory organ hidden in it, and the female has an ovipositor hidden in it.

Eggs: Very small. Long oval. Short diameter is about 0.30.8 mm. The outer surface of the egg is the egg shell. The inside is filled with milky white egg material. The egg period is 8-10 days. The adult lays the most eggs at 25℃ 32℃. The eggs are milky white. The long diameter is 0.71.2 mm. The inner layer is the yolk membrane. The quality is also high. It rarely mates and lays eggs when the temperature is below 15℃, and it does not mate and lay eggs when the temperature is below 10℃.

6. Breeding insects and feeds needed for breeding mealworms.

1. Breeding conditions

1) Breeding of mealworms The most important breeding insects for yellow mealworms. Follow the breeding technology requirements of yellow mealworms. Remove diseased insects. Make each insect stage reproduce synchronously, and adult larvae, pupae, and adults can all be used as breeding insects. Raise to different insect stages. Carefully select pupae and adults. Screen eggs. Achieve purification and rejuvenation. After buying adult larvae, feed them in a wooden tray filled with wheat bran and add fresh vegetables. Carefully observe the pupation situation. When pupation occurs in the tray, put the sieve tray into a wooden tray filled with feed and wait for the pupae to emerge into adults. If you also buy pupae at this time, put them together with the pupae that have emerged within two days. Put every 0.5 kg of pupae in a sieve tray filled with wheat bran, and then put them in a wooden tray filled with feed, number them and put them on the shelf, wait for them to emerge, and pay attention to removing dead pupae. If you buy adults, put them in a sieve tray filled with feed, and screen out the adults and change the tray every 7 days. The sieved feed is mixed with eggs, which are placed in a wooden tray and continue to hatch. Insects of all stages that have been carefully selected and raised can be used as breeding insects, but it is best to use larvae as breeding insects, which are also convenient to transport.

2) Feed The main feed for mealworms is wheat bran, radish, vitamins, and other ingredients. To accelerate reproduction and growth, some supplementary feeds such as bran, various types of cakes, and straw feeds can also be used. Vegetables are mainly cabbage, cauliflower and other green leafy vegetables. These feeds can meet the insect's needs for protein, trace elements and water. In order to purify and rejuvenate the population, a small amount of glucose powder, fish meal, etc. can be added to the feed. Every 0.5 kg of mealworms can eat 1.5 kg of wheat bran and 1 kg of vegetables in one generation cycle.

III) Equipment

1. You must have a breeding room for mealworms. It needs to be heated in winter. The size of the breeding room. One room can hold 300-500 trays. It needs to be light-permeable and ventilated. It depends on the number of mealworms to be bred. Generally, every 20 square meters.

2. The wooden tray for raising mealworms is a drawer-shaped wooden tray. The specifications are 80 cm long, 8 cm high, and 1.5 cm thick. It needs to be placed in a wooden tray, which is generally rectangular. 40 cm wide. The bottom is nailed with fiberboard. The sieve tray is also rectangular. The length, width, and height are 75 cm, 35 cm, and 6 cm respectively. The thickness of the board is 1.5 cm. The bottom is nailed with a 10-mesh iron sieve and three-ply board strips. The wood used to make the feeding tray is preferably soft miscellaneous wood and has no odor. In order to prevent the worms from crawling out, plastic strips should be attached to the four frames of the feeding tray. Make a wooden rack. Prevent skewing or tipping. Then you can arrange the feeding trays on the shelves in order.

3. Place the wooden racks for feeding trays according to the feeding amount and the number of feeding trays. Connect and secure the wooden racks with square wood.

4. Egg trays and separation sieves use iron sieves of different thicknesses. 121416 are used to separate insects of different ages.

5. The temperature inside the breeding room should be kept between 15-25 degrees Celsius in both winter and summer. The insects will not eat or grow if the temperature is below 5 degrees Celsius. The ground should not be too wet. If you do not raise them in winter, they can overwinter naturally. In summer, ventilation should be provided. A thermometer and a hygrometer should be provided indoors. If the temperature exceeds 35 degrees Celsius, the insects will heat up and burn to death. The humidity should be kept between 50-70%. Heating is required in winter.

2. Breeding Technology

1) Adult stage: The process of pupa to adult takes about 3-7 days. The abdomen and tail emerge later. Because the pupae are selected to emerge at the same time. The newly emerged adults are very tender. About 5 days later, the body color becomes darker, and the head, chest, legs, and wings emerge first. Therefore, all the eclosions can be completed within a few days. Not very active. The elytra become hard. Male and female adults usually gather in the dark when mating, and the mating time is relatively long. When laying eggs, the tail of the female insect is inserted into the mesh of the sieve. It is best not to stir it at will during this period. When a layer of eggs is found attached to the bottom of the sieve plate, the plate can be changed. At this time, the adult insects are screened and placed in another plate containing feed, and the dead insects are removed. The egg plate is changed every 4 days. The survival period of adults is 60-90 days. Adults in the egg-laying period need a lot of nutrition and water, so wheat bran and vegetables must be added in time, and fish meal can also be added. If the nutrition is insufficient, the adults will bite and kill each other, causing losses.

II) Egg stage: Adults lay eggs in a wooden tray containing feed. Larvae will hatch naturally. Do not turn the tray over. 1st instar worms have been born. Replace the wooden tray containing eggs and put it on the shelf. Pay attention to observe. Avoid damaging the eggs or the hatching larvae. When larval skin appears on the surface of the feed.

3) Larval stage; eggs hatch to larvae. The tray where the adult lays eggs. When the molted body is more than 0.5 cm long. The density should not be too high. The period before pupation is called the larval stage. After 7-9 days of hatching. Add wheat bran and fresh vegetables. Put 1 kg of larvae in each wooden tray. Prevent the insects from biting and killing each other due to insufficient feed. As the larvae grow up, separate the trays in time. Wheat bran is the main feed for larvae and also a place for them to live. Therefore, the feed should be kept at a natural temperature. Under normal circumstances, when the temperature is high, the larvae are mostly active on the surface of the feed, and when the temperature is low, they drill into the lower layer to live. The thickness of the feed in the wooden tray is within 5 cm. When the feed gradually decreases, use a sieve to sift out the insect feces and add new feed. When sieving feces for 1-2 instar larvae, use a 60-mesh screen to prevent the larvae from leaking through the sieve holes. Prepare a wooden tray for new feed first, and put the sieved clean larvae on the wooden tray while sieving. Mealworm larvae need to break through the outer skin and molt repeatedly to grow up. During the larval stage, they molt 7-12 times. Each time they molt, the worm grows bigger and the larva grows one year old. On average, they molt once every 8 days. When the larvae molt, the epidermis first splits from the thoracic and dorsal seams, and the head, thorax, feet, and then the abdomen and tail gradually molt out. Larvae usually molt on the surface of the feed, and after molting, they drill into the feed. The larvae that have just molted are milky white and have a tender epidermis.

IV) Pupa stage: larvae pupate on the surface of feed. Before pupation, larvae crawl to the surface of feed. Pupation is completed during the last molting process. Pupation can be completed within a few seconds. Newly formed pupae are white-yellow. The abdominal segments wriggle. Turn dark yellow. There are differences between individual larvae. After lying still, the insect body slowly expands and contracts. The pupa body is slightly longer. The pupa body gradually shortens. It is reflected in the order of pupation time and the strength of individual ability. Newly formed pupae and larvae live in a wooden tray. Pupae are easily bitten by larvae in the chest and abdomen, and their internal organs are eaten to become empty shells; some pupae are infected by viruses during the pupation process and become dead pupae after pupation. This needs to be checked frequently. If this situation is found, 0.310-6 bleach solution can be used to spray the space for disinfection and sterilization. At the same time, the dead pupae should be picked out and disposed of in time. When picking pupae, pupae that have emerged within 2 days should be placed in the same sieve tray containing feed, insisting on synchronous reproduction, and concentratedly emerging into adults.

3. Management Measures

The breeding process of mealworms is related to the reproduction speed, body quality, economic benefits and other issues of mealworms. It is very important to master the breeding technology and management measures.

It is best to disinfect outside the door. 1. Non-breeding personnel are prohibited from entering the breeding room. Personnel who must enter the room. 4. Metamorphosis is an important link. You can master the breeding technology. 2. In the life history of yellow mealworms, master the time, shape and characteristics of metamorphosis in each link. 3. The feed must be fresh. The green vegetables are not rotten. The bran is not deteriorated. Add new feed every time it molts. There are eggs and insect feces at the bottom of the feed in the adult stage. Change the plate in time. 4. Larval stage. Change the feed and sift the feces in time. It is easy to mold. For larvae, add glucose powder or vitamin powder, fish meal to the feed appropriately. Feed fresh vegetables every day. 5. In order to accelerate reproduction and growth. Adults after molting. 6. Breeding personnel must check the situation of each insect stage every day to prevent bacterial infection. If diseased insects or dead insects are found, they should be removed in time. Only in this way can the success of yellow mealworm breeding be guaranteed. 7. The breeding of yellow mealworms should be carried out according to plan. The number of insects raised and the number of larvae of each age must be fully recorded.