CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Methods and techniques for breeding lobsters?

I. Breeding site

Lobsters have strong vitality and can be fully utilized in ponds, rice fields, some wastelands, small ponds and other water bodies for breeding. The area should be 2001-3335m2. Because the shrimp has the habit of digging holes, the depth of the cave is generally 50-80cm, and the depth of some caves exceeds 1m. In order to avoid digging holes and escaping, the width of the ridge around the breeding water body should be more than 1.5m, and a 0.5m high, smooth inner wall anti-escape wall or anti-escape board should be set around the ridge, and a good injection and drainage system should be built. At the same time, several mud ridges should be built in the middle of the pond. The two ends of the mud ridge should not be connected to the pond ridge. The length of the ridge is about 4/5 of the length of the pond, the width of the ridge is more than 1m, and the ridge is 5-10cm above the water surface, creating a place for lobsters to dig holes and live. The depth of the pond should be 0.5-1m, preferably in the middle of the water, with shallows around. Tree roots, bamboo tubes, etc. are placed at the bottom of the pond, and water plants are transplanted on the water surface.

2. Preparation for stocking

(1) Pond preparation Before the shrimp fry enter the pond, the pond should be carefully prepared to remove the silt and level the bottom of the pond so that the bottom and wall of the pond have good water retention performance and minimize water leakage. The pond embankment should have a certain slope. Where conditions permit, a ditch can be dug in the middle of the pond bottom or a ditch can be dug around the bottom of the pond slope, which is mainly conducive to the cultivation and management of early shrimp fry and convenient operation when catching.

(2) Pond cleaning and disinfection The quality of pond cleaning and disinfection directly affects the survival rate and aquaculture output of shrimp. Commonly used methods include:

① Quicklime disinfection: There are two types of disinfection: dry disinfection and disinfection with water. For dry disinfection, use 60-80 kg of quicklime per mu, sprinkle it all over the pond, and then pour new water into the pond after drying it for 3-5 days; for disinfection with water, use 125-150 kg of fresh quicklime per mu based on a water depth of 1 meter. Dissolve the fresh quicklime in water and sprinkle it evenly over the pond.

② Disinfection with bleaching powder: Dissolve the bleaching powder and sprinkle it all over the pond. The dosage is 7 kg per mu and the dosage of bleaching spirit is halved.

③ Disinfection with trichlorfon: Use 500 grams of crystal trichlorfon and 50 grams of diazinon per acre of water surface, and spray it over the entire pond after dissolving.

(3) Water intake and fertilization When new water is injected, it must be filtered to prevent wild fish and fish eggs from entering the pond with the water. At the same time, fertilization is applied to cultivate plankton, which becomes a direct natural feed for shrimp. The commonly used organic fertilizer application rate is 75-100 kg per mu, so that the water color has a certain degree of fertility. At this time, the water level is relatively shallow. As the water deepens, the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased. The specific amount depends on the water color.

(4) Planting aquatic plants Lobsters have a varied diet, although they prefer animals. However, when animal feed is insufficient, they will also eat aquatic plants to fill their stomachs. The aquatic plants that lobsters eat include Vallisneria, Hydrilla verticillata, Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia scabra and Alternanthera philadelphica (water peanut). Aquatic plants are also ideal places for shrimps to hide and live, and are also a good place for shrimps to molt. Raising shrimps in ponds with abundant aquatic plants has a high survival rate.

3. Stocking of young shrimp

(1) Quality requirements for stocked shrimp fry

① The size of shrimp fry should be more than 0.8 cm, and the size of shrimp seedlings should be 2.5-3 cm. The shrimp fry or shrimp seedlings in the same pond should be of the same size and should be released in full at one time.

② The shrimp fry and shrimp seeds that are released should be strong and vigorous, have complete appendages, be free of disease and injury, and have a strong ability to withstand drought. They will not die even if they are out of water for a long time.

③ Wild shrimp species need to be domesticated. Shrimp fry are artificially cultivated. If they are purchased wild shrimp species, they need to be artificially domesticated for a period of time before they can be released to avoid killing each other and improve the survival rate of release.

(2) Delivery methods and precautions

The release of young shrimps is generally carried out in May. The young shrimps can be placed in a plastic basin. First, a small amount of pond water is slowly added to the basin until the water temperature in the basin is close to that of the pond water. Then 3% to 4% salt is added according to the amount of water in the basin to disinfect it for about 5 minutes. Then slowly release it into the pond along the edge of the pond. Be careful to avoid exposure when releasing it. Generally, 10,000 to 15,000 3cm young shrimps or 80-120kg/mu can be released. At the same time, 50-100 silver carp, bighead carp and summer flower fish can be mixed to adjust the water quality. In this way, the yield of adult shrimps can reach 400-600kg, with a benefit of about 1,000 yuan/mu. If the shrimp fry is purchased and transported from other places, it will be out of water for a long time, and some shrimps may even appear comatose. It should be temporarily kept in the water basin for 20 minutes before release to improve the survival rate.

4. Feeding

Lobsters are omnivorous, especially like to eat animal feed, and lobsters are greedy by nature, with a large food intake, so you need to pay attention to the feeding method. For adult shrimp farming, you can directly feed them with minced rice bran, bean cake, bran, miscellaneous fish, snail and clam meat, silkworm pupae, earthworms, slaughterhouse scraps or compound feed, etc., to keep the protein content of the feed at about 25%, and the daily feeding amount is 4-10% of the shrimp's body weight, which is adjusted according to the season, weather, water quality, and the shrimp's physiological condition. From June to September, the water temperature is suitable, which is the peak growth period of shrimp. Generally, they are fed 2-3 times a day, at 9-10 am and around sunset or at night, and the daily feeding amount is 5-8% of the shrimp's body weight; in other seasons, each person can feed once, around sunset, or feed once in the morning of the next day according to the feeding situation, and the daily feeding amount is 1-3% of the shrimp's body weight. When feeding, you should pay attention to feeding more when the weather is fine, and less when it is hot and humid, or when it is continuously rainy or the water is too concentrated; feed less when a large number of shrimps are molting, and feed more after molting.

During the breeding period, fertilizers should be applied in time. Generally, 5-7 days after the young shrimps are released. Fermented livestock and poultry manure can be applied at 50-60kg/mu. Organic fertilizers should be applied from late June to mid-August. The frequency and quantity of fertilizer application should be based on the appropriate water color and transparency. The water color should be bean green or tea brown, and the transparency should be 30-40cm. The water quality should not be too fertilized, otherwise it is easy to lack of oxygen and float.

Specifically, we should grasp the following points:

(1) According to the nutritional needs of lobsters at different stages of growth and development, make a good feed combination. Juvenile shrimp and shrimp seed stages mainly feed on rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and aquatic insect larvae. Therefore, a large number of rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and aquatic insect larvae should be cultivated by applying sufficient basal fertilizer and timely topdressing to provide juvenile shrimp and shrimp seed with artificial feeding. August and September are the rapid growth stages of lobsters, so they should be fed with wheat bran, bean cakes, tender green feed, pumpkin, sweet potato, melon peel, etc., supplemented with animal feed. May and June are the key stages for the development of lobster gonads, while August and September are the stages for lobsters to accumulate nutrition and prepare for wintering. At this time, they should be fed with more animal feed, such as fish meat, snail meat, earthworms and animal waste from slaughterhouses, so as to fully meet the nutritional requirements of lobsters for growth and development.

(2) Scientific feeding according to the feeding characteristics of lobsters. Lobsters are nocturnal and come out to forage at night. Lobsters are also greedy and compete for food. Therefore, they are usually fed twice a day, mainly once in the evening, and the feeding amount should account for 70% of the total daily feeding amount. Lobsters have poor swimming ability, a small range of activities, and a habit of occupying land. Therefore, the feeding of bait should be carried out in a fixed quality, fixed quantity, fixed time, and fixed location. Feeding should be uniform so that every shrimp can eat, avoid competition for food, and promote balanced growth.

(3) Feed appropriately according to the weather, water quality and the lobster's feeding activity. When the water temperature is between 20℃ and 32℃ and the water quality is good, the lobster's feeding amount is quite vigorous. Usually, the daily feeding amount of fresh bait can be arranged at 8%-12% of the lobster's body weight in the pond, and the dry bait or compound feed is 3%-5%. The feeding intensity of lobsters is directly restricted by environmental factors such as water temperature and water quality. Therefore, the daily feeding amount should be reasonably adjusted according to the weather, water quality and the lobster's feeding activity. The general principle is that when the weather is clear and the water quality is good, the lobsters are active and feeding vigorously, so more feed should be fed, while when the temperature is high, the weather is rainy or the water quality is too concentrated, less feed should be fed; when a large number of lobsters are molting, less feed should be fed, and more feed should be fed after molting; more feed should be fed during the peak growth season of lobsters, and less feed should be fed during the disease season or when the lobsters are not active, so as to improve the utilization rate of feed.

5. Water quality management

Lobsters have a strong tolerance to low oxygen and can directly use oxygen in the air. They can survive in overly fertile water. Water quality management for pond-raised lobsters is relatively simple.

(1) Regulate the water quality to keep the dissolved oxygen in the pond above 5 mg/L, the pH value at 7-8.5, and the transparency at about 40 cm. Change the water every 15-20 days, and replace 1/2 of the water each time; sprinkle quicklime water once every 20 days, with a dosage of about 10 kg per mu each time, to regulate the water quality.

(2) Adjust the water level. The water level in the pond for lobster farming should not be too deep. Usually the water depth is kept at about 1 meter. The water level can be deeper during the hot season and the lobster wintering period. During the entire breeding period, the water level should remain relatively stable and should not fluctuate so as not to affect the growth of the lobster.

6. Daily management

Lobster farming and daily management is a long, arduous and meticulous task that requires perseverance.

(1) Conduct pond inspections every morning or evening to observe changes in pond water quality, understand the lobsters' feeding activities, and adjust the amount of feed; clean the breeding environment and take timely countermeasures if any abnormalities are found.

(2) Pay attention to changes in water quality and prevent water quality from being polluted by industry or pesticides. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is low, the water quality is aging, or when there is bad weather such as hot and humid weather, continuous rain, etc., the amount of feed should be reduced or stopped; pay attention to observation. If the lobsters are found to be slow to react, swim to the shore, float and climb to the shore, it means that there is serious lack of oxygen. Water should be added in time or an aerator should be turned on to increase oxygen. Add new water frequently to keep the pond water clean and hygienic; disinfect the shrimp pond with quicklime regularly; add multiple vitamins to the shrimp feed to enhance the shrimp's immunity.

(3) To prevent the lobsters from escaping, plastic film or calcium plastic board should be used to build escape-proof walls in the lobster ponds. Especially during the flood season and typhoon season, we should do a good job in flood prevention to prevent strong winds and heavy rains from washing away the ridges or flooding and causing the shrimps to escape.

(4) Strengthen the management of molting shrimps Molting is an important sign of lobster growth. It is very important to manage molting shrimps well. In order to strengthen the management of molting shrimps, measures such as feeding and water changes should be taken to promote the unified molting of lobster groups. When a large number of lobsters are molting, feeding should be reduced, human interference should be reduced, all operations should be careful and cautious, and a quiet and good environment should be created to promote the smooth molting of lobsters. After a large number of lobsters molt, high-quality bait should be added in time to prevent cannibalism caused by insufficient bait.

(5) Strictly prevent lobsters from digging holes. Lobsters have the habit of digging holes. They dig holes to establish safe and reliable habitats, molt, and hideaways to protect themselves. Therefore, in aquaculture, one can lay a layer of densely meshed plastic mesh on the slope of the pond bank to protect the slope and prevent holes. The other is to plant more aquatic plants in the pond, set up a certain number of meshes, or set up artificial holes such as bamboo tubes and plastic tubes to increase the habitat and molt hideaways for lobsters, thereby reducing the chances of lobsters digging holes.

Freshwater lobsters have the advantages of fast growth, large size, wide diet, strong adaptability, delicious meat and high economic value, and have broad market prospects. Breeding freshwater lobsters is a good project for getting rich with low investment, high benefits and simple operation.

1. Pond conditions Freshwater lobsters are not very demanding on pond conditions. It is advisable to choose a place with good ventilation and sunshine, water-retaining soil, and unpolluted water sources to build a pond. The pond size is generally 5 to 10 mu, with a water depth of more than 1.5m, a sandy mud bottom and a flat bottom, a pond dam slope ratio of 1:3 to 4, and convenient water inlet and outlet conditions and anti-theft protection measures. As a hidden habitat for lobsters, some aquatic plants can be planted in the pond or a certain number of stones, bricks, tiles and other shelters can be placed, with an area of ​​about 1/3 of the total water surface.

2. Stocking of shrimp fry Before stocking, use 100~150kg/mu of quicklime to clean and disinfect the pond to kill harmful fish and harmful aquatic insects in the pond and avoid invasion by enemies. Add water after 3 days of disinfection, and use 300~500kg/mu of fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer to fertilize the water after 10 days to cultivate rich plankton and provide sufficient bait for shrimp fry. Generally, shrimp fry with a body length of 3~5cm, strong physique and no disease are selected for stocking. The stocking density can be controlled at 2000~3000 tails/mu. The stocking density can be appropriately increased for small shrimp fry. Since the shrimp is strong and bullies the weak, the small is afraid of the big, so the specifications of the seedlings stocked in the same pond should be neat. Avoid too large a temperature difference when stocking the seedlings, and it is advisable to go into the pond in the evening or at dawn. Before stocking the seedlings, first slowly add a small amount of pool water to the seedling transport container until the water temperature of the container is close to the pool water temperature, and then gently pour the shrimp fry into the pool water.

3. Feeding and Management 1. Feeding. Freshwater lobsters are omnivorous. They like to eat animal baits such as fresh fish, snails, clams, earthworms, and livestock and poultry offal, as well as plant baits such as soybeans, bean cakes, bran, corn, and fresh aquatic plants. They can also be fed with compound feeds for shrimps. It can be seen that the bait problem of freshwater lobsters is easy to solve. According to general experience, the amount of feed for the whole day should be based on eating enough, eating up, and leaving no residual bait. Generally, small shrimps are fed at 20-25% of their body weight, medium shrimps are fed at 15-20% of their body weight, and large shrimps are fed at 10-15% of their body weight. Feed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening. Because freshwater lobsters mainly eat at night, 70-80% of the daily bait is fed at night, and the bait should be thrown in the shallow water at the edge of the pool. Feeding should be done at a fixed time, fixed point, fixed quantity and fixed quality. Each pond can have 2~4 feeding observation platforms. Every morning, observe whether the bait has been eaten to determine the amount of feeding at that time. Too little feeding will inhibit the growth of lobsters or cause them to kill each other due to hunger. Too much feeding will increase costs and cause the pond environment to deteriorate, which is not good for the growth and molting of lobsters. General shrimp bait or lobster-specific bait can be used as bait.

2. Water quality management. The pool water should be fresh, with a transparency of 30~40cm, a pH value of 7~9, and dissolved oxygen greater than 4g/L. During the breeding process, pay attention to the water quality and the bottom environment of the pool, and do not let it deteriorate. When the dissolved oxygen content in the water is very low, the water quality deteriorates, or there are bad weather such as thunderstorms, hot and humid days, and continuous cloudy days, reduce or stop feeding. When the weather is too cold or too hot, in order to prevent extreme temperatures from occurring, the pool water can be deepened appropriately to stabilize the bottom water temperature. In the high temperature season from June to August, change the water every 5 to 7 days, and the amount of water changed each time is 20~30% of the pool water. If it is inconvenient to change the water, you can add new water regularly.

3. Disease prevention and control. Freshwater lobsters are more disease-resistant than river crabs, shrimps and other aquatic products, but their disease prevention and control should not be taken lightly under artificial breeding conditions. The shrimp bodies must be disinfected before adult or juvenile shrimps are put into the pond to prevent pathogens from being brought into the pond. During normal breeding, the water body is disinfected regularly, mainly with quicklime. Every 15 days, 10-15kg/mu of quicklime is dissolved in water and sprayed throughout the pond. It not only prevents and cures diseases, but also helps freshwater lobsters molt. In the hot summer season, add multivitamins, calcium tablets and other drugs to the bait every 15 days to enhance the immunity of freshwater lobsters. Pay attention to patrolling the pond every day to achieve early detection, early prevention and early treatment of diseases.

4. Fishing and Harvesting Freshwater lobsters grow fast and can be harvested and marketed in the same year they are released. They can be harvested by netting or dry catching. Netting: Since lobsters mainly forage at night, you can place the net in the shallow water beside the pond before dusk, with the tail of the net exposed to the water surface, and collect the lobsters the next morning. Dry catching: After repeated netting, drain the pond water and use a scoop net to scoop up the lobsters. If the aquaculture output is high and a large number of products are put on the market in stages and batches, you can also use trawl nets or cast nets to catch them. It is best to harvest at night when it is dark.

Source: China Fisheries Portal my country's export volume of aquatic species is the largest shellfish, shrimp, tilapia, eel, catfish and yellow croaker back in the face of the financial crisis, what kind of export crisis is facing aquatic products? Information is: January 2009 report on the EU market shrimp: In the second half of 2008, prices began to fall, and the current sales difficulties exporters. This situation is not expected to improve in a short time. The best solution for shrimp producing countries seems to be diversification, including opening domestic and regional markets. European shrimp market prospects: The EU market will further reduce imports, especially in the southern region. The first half of 2009 was a slow consumption, and the shrimp market is unlikely to recover in the next few months. Information Group B: Unpredictable Tilapia Export: Global financial crisis, export orders, by the end of 2008, the number of tilapia decreased compared with previous years. In the same period, my country's tilapia exports to Mexico, the second largest country, the third largest country, Russia, the fourth largest country, Israel, have different ranges of 60% -80% reduction to 2009 is expected to reduce the US purchase volume by 35%, Data?: From 2007 to 2008, my country's eel, spotted fork back to the end of the food security issues, as well as some importing countries irresponsible media reports, eel and catfish exports have shrunk significantly and the strength has not recovered. Affected by the financial crisis, Sichuan Meishan catfish exports to the United States back to a 90% reduction. Data 4: The impact of the scallop harvest and export, many export professionals do stop purchasing, the purchasing enterprises are still reducing the purchase price, a large number of fresh agricultural products in the form of scallops into the market, the price fell. Shortly before New Year's Day, the retail price of 1 kg of scallops in 2009 was only about 10,000 yuan from January 6 to January 8, and the price was 2.4 yuan at this time last year, a price drop of about 30%. According to experts from the Chinese Society of Fisheries: Although the financial crisis has led to the aquaculture industry by the end of 2008, it will also have a greater impact after 2009. By then, my country's foreign trade imports and exports will be seriously hindered. Therefore, my country's aquatic products in 2009 cannot be optimistic about the export prospects, and there is a possibility that negative growth will occur in exports. There is no doubt that in the future, the export of these export-oriented species will be attacked by the domestic market, but in the competition, it is best to take preventive measures. It is recommended that farmers of aquaculture export species rely on family-type aquatic species, which may be more conducive to digesting and absorbing the market share, so as to achieve a culture of reducing risks and ensuring profits. However, the best choice of domestic aquaculture species exists, which may vary from place to place, and is a matter of opinion. Some species are listed in this list for your reference. Mandarin fish: In early May 2008, the market price of sweet-scented osmanthus fish in Guangzhou Huangsha rose from 40 yuan/kg to nearly 60 yuan/kg after about a week, and exceeded this level by the end of May. In late June, the price exceeded 75 yuan/kg; near the Spring Festival, in 2009, the price of sweet-scented osmanthus fish in Guangdong was hot, and the pond head was sold at 17 yuan/kg, which was about 600 million yuan higher than the same period last year, and the profit was 6 yuan per catty. Yellow eel: In Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, the market price of yellow eel in July 2008 was 25-26 yuan/catties, the medium one was 18-20 yuan/kg, the smallest one was 15-17 yuan/kg, and the wholesale specification was 20 yuan/kg at 2 pm on November 2. Submarine: In recent years, due to the lack of water in the wild, but a huge market demand, artificial breeding of loach fish has been carried out, and major breakthroughs have been made in breeding submarine, which is popular everywhere. The heat is expected to continue in 2023. Wholesale price of fish products is 15-20 million yuan at the end of the year. The supply time is from May to August every year. Rainbow trout: Rainbow trout has been introduced to my country for more than 20 years. With the market demand, the rainbow trout industry shows economic, social and ecological benefits. At present, the market price of rainbow trout is around 25 yuan/kg, even 35 yuan/kg, and the supply and demand are booming. Ya fish: The main feature of Ya fish produced in Sichuan Province is the local variety, known as "Tianfu Jiapin". At present, there is a relatively stable production and sales in Sichuan. The fish meat is tender, but there is a disadvantage of a large small gill. In recent years, fish farms have also been increasing in the province. The listing time is June every year after the fry, and the supply is throughout the year. The price of fish products is about 300,000 yuan. Ho: Guangdong and Guangxi in 2008, the region's culture Ho price has been steadily rising, the price rose to 1.3 yuan, 1.5 percent to 1.8 yuan, by the end of 2008 and the beginning of 2009, the price of Zhanjiang pond head reached 2.3 yuan/kg for breeding Ho. Mudskipper: Mudskipper breeding season, improve the value of fish, autumn and winter market, the price per kilogram is as high as 160 yuan, and the lack of heat mudskipper cities Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other large cities. In addition to the above species, of course, there are many varieties to choose from, such as grouper, golden pomfret, clam, abalone, turtle, crab, Yellow River catfish, black fish, mullet, four fish, crayfish, Macrobrachium rosenbergii ... ..., in 2009 to a diversified, multi-species breeding, so that the farm's profits are maximized and risks are minimized. However, farmers must remember to remind one thing: pay close attention to all aquaculture and market dynamics, according to local conditions, production work varies from person to person to do a good job.

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