CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in rabbits? How to prevent and treat it?

1. What are the symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in rabbits? How to prevent and treat it?

Rabbit cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium parvum parasitizing the surface of mucosal epithelial cells of rabbits and other animals. In addition to rabbits, many mammals such as humans, sheep, cattle, pigs, horses, dogs, cats, and mice can be infected. Rabbits and other rodents are mostly invisible infections.

Cryptosporidiosis often occurs in warm and rainy seasons. It has a wide range of pathogenicity, mainly in the mucosa of the digestive tract, but also in the mucosa of organs such as the lungs, tonsils, kidneys, and pancreas. No obvious clinical symptoms were observed when rabbits were infected. In severe cases, symptoms such as mental fatigue, loss of appetite, progressive weight loss, diarrhea, and dehydration can be seen. When the body is poorly nourished, the immune function is weakened, which can cause death. Autopsy of sick rabbits showed emaciation, dehydration of tissues, bleeding of the small intestinal mucosa, thinning of the intestinal walls of the duodenum and jejunum, and mild enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes.

To prevent the disease, we should strengthen feeding management, improve the environmental sanitation conditions of rabbit houses, and improve the nutritional level of rabbits. Young rabbits with diarrhea should be isolated and treated in time. Rabbits that have recovered from the disease can carry worms for a long time and lay eggs outside. Pay attention to the harmless treatment of feces to prevent feces from contaminating the environment, food and drinking water. Disinfecting rabbit houses in the affected areas with 1% formaldehyde solution or 5% ammonia water is helpful to reduce rabbit Cryptosporidium infection.

Garlic and allicin can be used to treat this disease, which has a good therapeutic effect. At the same time, auxiliary drugs such as compound sulfamethoxazole and multienzyme tablets can be used. Severe diarrhea requires timely infusion, electrolyte supplementation, and correction of acid-base balance. Spiramycin is also used in foreign countries to treat this disease, which is said to have a good effect.

2. What does it mean when the back of the small shrimp fry turns white?

The white spots on the back of the young shrimp may be caused by muscle whitening and necrosis disease.

The back or tail muscles of shrimps infected with this disease will show round or irregular white areas, which will then quickly expand to the entire back until it becomes turbid, the body of the diseased shrimp bends, and eventually the diseased shrimp dies.

The following treatment measures are available:

1. Be careful when transporting freshwater shrimps, and do not keep them out of water for too long;

2. When the shrimps are put into the pond, the water temperature should not differ by more than 3℃;

3. Add new water frequently to keep the water fresh, keep the pool water depth at 0.8 to 1 meter, and regularly sprinkle 10 to 15 grams/m³ of quicklime;

4. Once the disease occurs, flushing or changing the water will help alleviate the condition;

5. Spray diquaternary ammonium iodine at 0.3-0.4 g/m³ water throughout the pond once a day for 2-3 times.

Additional information:

1. Basic precautions for shrimp farming:

1. Clear the pond and remove weeds

Before breeding shrimp, all dirt in the pond, such as leftover bait, feces, excess silt, etc., must be cleaned up to prevent bacteria and viruses from accumulating in the pond and making the shrimp sick. It is also necessary to weed out the wild, that is, to clean up the miscellaneous fish fry to prevent them from competing with the shrimp for nutrients.

2. Reasonable stocking

Shrimp fry should be released reasonably according to the size of the shrimp and the breeding technical conditions. In addition, a small amount of pond water should be used to try to raise shrimp before releasing them to make sure the pond water is non-toxic and the shrimp can grow normally before release.

3. Daily management

Regularly inspect the pond to observe the shrimp's activities and feeding. If any abnormalities are found, they need to be addressed immediately. In the hot season, special attention should be paid to whether the shrimp are floating and lacking oxygen. Oxygen should be replenished in time to prevent the shrimp from dying due to lack of oxygen. Leftover food residues should also be salvaged in time to prevent the residues from deteriorating in the water, damaging the water quality, and thus hindering the growth of the shrimp.

2. What are the water quality requirements for shrimp?

1. The water quality requirements of shrimps generally depend on the type of shrimps. For example, crystal shrimps like slightly acidic water and need to be kept in water with a pH value between 5.5-7. They do not like hard water and are generally kept in water with a GH value (hardness) between 2-4. When breeding, the hardness can be slightly increased, and the GH value can be kept between 4-6. The water temperature should be kept at 20-24℃ at ordinary times, and the water temperature can be appropriately increased during breeding, generally 24-26℃.

2. When breeding white shrimp, if it is raised in fresh water, the pH value of fresh water is generally required to be 6.5-8.5. If it is selected for seawater breeding, the pH value of seawater is generally between 7-8.5. When releasing the fry, the water temperature is required to be not less than 20℃, but not more than 33℃. When the water temperature is lower than 20℃, it can be heated by building a winter shed, laying white sand, deepening the water level, etc. When the water temperature exceeds 33℃, it can be cooled by deepening the water level, turning on more aerators, etc., and the ammonia nitrogen content in the water is strictly controlled below 0.2mg/L.

3. In the process of shrimp farming, the water needs to be changed regularly to ensure the cleanliness of the water. When the dissolved oxygen in the water is insufficient, the oxygenation equipment needs to be turned on in time to ensure that the shrimp has enough oxygen for growth. It is also necessary to control the transparency and pH of the water body, reduce the change of pH value, and avoid excessive changes in pH value that affect the growth of shrimp.

The whitening on the back of the shrimp may be caused by muscle whitening necrosis. Muscle whitening necrosis is caused by adverse environmental factors such as high salinity, high density, high temperature, and low nutrition. Temperature mutation is the main reason, the temperature is too high or too low. Staphylococcus infection or spore parasites in the muscle couple cause muscle necrosis in the last one or two segments, gradually turning into opaque white or milky white. Loss of transparency initially only the tail muscle turns white, and the thick front muscle of the shrimp body also turns white. Some sick shrimps turn white all over. After simple treatment, the muscles have been necrotic and the fibers are disordered. The horizontal stripes are lightly under the ornamental aquatic animals, and they like low temperature, weak acidity, and soft water. The shell is green and astringent. It is easy to adapt and has strong adaptability.

When transporting freshwater shrimp, be careful not to leave the water for too long.

Add salt frequently to keep the water fresh, keep the pool water depth at 0.8 to 1 meter, and regularly sprinkle 10 to 15 grams of quicklime into the water.

Flushing or changing the water once the disease occurs will help delay the disease.

The technical conditions for breeding should be reasonable according to the size of the shrimp. Before releasing the shrimp fry, you should try to raise the shrimp with a small amount of water-stop to make sure the water-stop is non-toxic and the shrimp can grow normally before releasing it.

3. •How to remove the gizzard of live shrimp?

When removing the sandbags from relatively fresh shrimps, you can remove the shrimp threads at the same time. They are connected together. Just gently pull the sandbags and they will come out together. But if the shrimps are not so fresh, you need to use tools such as toothpicks to remove them. First pinch off the head, cut off the shell with scissors, and then pick out the black head. If you do not remove the shells but only the heads, pinch off the heads of the shrimps first. The black heads of the shrimp threads will stick out of the meat. Pull them out with your fingers or tweezers or use a toothpick to cross from the second section from the tail of the shrimp and gently pick it up. The shrimp threads will come out easily. This method is applicable to all river shrimps and mud shrimps.