CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How many types of crucian carp are there?

There are many varieties of crucian carp, the most common ones are Dianchi high-back crucian carp, Fangzheng silver crucian carp, Pengze crucian carp, Qihe crucian carp, heterogeneous silver crucian carp, hybrid crucian carp, white crucian carp, Xiangyun crucian carp, Baijin high-yield crucian carp, golden crucian carp, African crucian carp, Jiangsu black crucian carp, etc. Crucian carp is one of the most common freshwater fish in my country. It lives in major water systems outside the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It does not require high water temperature and is easy to breed. It is an important farmed fish in my country.

1. Dianchi high-back crucian carp

1. The Dianchi high-back crucian carp is a native fish of Dianchi Lake. It is a triploid crucian carp population that was naturally formed in Dianchi Lake and its water system in the mid-1970s. It has a spindle-shaped body shape, a body length that is 2.28 times its height, and a silver-gray body color with a darker back and a lighter belly.

2. The Dianchi high-back crucian carp has a wide adaptability and can grow in lakes, reservoirs, ponds, dam ponds and other waters. The most suitable water temperature for growth is 24-30℃. It grows rapidly, has strong reproductive capacity, strong disease resistance, large individuals, and is easy to breed. The high-back crucian carp has extremely high nutritional value, with 13 grams of protein and 11 grams of fat per 100 grams of meat, and contains a large amount of minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron.

2. Founder Silver Carp

Fangzheng silver crucian carp is a specialty of Fangzheng County, Heilongjiang Province. It has the characteristics of thick back, small head, high meat yield, strong disease resistance, cold resistance, fast growth and large size. Its back, dorsal fin and anal fin are black-gray, the sides of the body are dark silver-gray, and the edges of each scale on the side of the body are slightly darker. Fangzheng silver crucian carp is a farmed fish with high protein, low fat, rich amino acid content and high nutritional value. The protein content is 17.26%, the fat content is 1.00%, the water content is 78.63%, and the nitrogen-free extract is 2.01%.

3. Pengze Crucian Carp

Pengze crucian carp is a specialty of Pengze County, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, and a national agricultural product geographical indication. It has been artificially bred since 1983. It has the characteristics of large size, fast growth, strong adaptability, disease resistance, and low requirements for breeding environment. Its meat is tender and delicious, rich in nutrition, and contains eight essential amino acids for the human body. It is famous for its large size (the two largest known individuals weigh 4.0 kg and 6.5 kg respectively), and is also called Pengze big crucian carp. Because it often lives in the reeds in the lake, there are 5-7 gray-black reed-like stripes on the side of its body (after being raised in the pond for a period of time, it will gradually disappear), so it is also called reed flower crucian carp.

4. Qishengzibihe Crucian Carp

Qihe River crucian carp is a specialty of Hebi City, Henan Province, and a national agricultural product with geographical indication. It has the characteristics of thick and tender meat, little fishy smell, few bone spurs, non-bitter gills, and delicious taste. It contains a lot of protein, fat, sugar, calcium, iron, and vitamins B1, B2, A, etc. The meat content is more than 70%, the muscle protein content is more than 18%, and the total amino acid content is more than 18%. It is delicious and has high nutritional value. A series of modern measures such as purification and rejuvenation, artificial breeding, etc. have gradually expanded the number of Qihe River crucian carp breeding.

5. Alternative silver crucian carp

The hybrid silver carp is a new type of crucian carp breeding successfully developed by fish breeding experts from the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1976 to 1981. It is a progeny bred by artificial insemination with Xingguo red carp as the male parent and Fangzheng silver carp with natural gynogenetic nucleus as the female parent. The fish has good hybrid advantages, obvious yield increase effect, tender meat, rich nutrition, long survival time out of water, and can be transported live in low temperature and waterless conditions for short and medium distances.

6. Hybrid Crucian Carp

Hybrid crucian carp is a hybrid obtained by the scientific and technical personnel of the Freshwater Fisheries Research Center in recent years with the silver crucian carp as the female parent and the wild carp of Taihu Lake as the male parent. It has the advantages of strong adaptability, large size, fast growth, few diseases, wide diet, and delicious meat, and is generally welcomed by production units. It is suitable for outdoor ponds, inner ponds, rivers and lakes, and is a new breeding variety with good economic and social benefits.

7. White Carp

The white crucian carp is a kind of carp that can be used for fishing in freshwater. It is large in size, tall and flat on the sides, with a more obvious bulge on the front back, a slender tail stalk, a slightly small head, and a silvery white color. It grows fast and is omnivorous. The weight of the fourth-year-old can reach more than 0.75 kg. The white crucian carp is omnivorous and mainly feeds on phytoplankton and benthic animals. It has strong adaptability, is cold-resistant and heat-resistant, has a high reproduction rate, matures early, and has low breeding costs.

8. Xiangyun Crucian Carp

Xiangyun Crucian Carp is a triploid crucian carp successfully bred by Professor Liu Yun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the Department of Biology of Hunan Normal University. It has more edible parts, fewer thorns and less internal organs, tender meat, delicious meat flavor, and retains the flavor of crucian carp. The individual is large, the glutamate content in the muscle is higher, and the taste is better than that of ordinary crucian carp. The growth rate of Xiangyun Crucian Carp is 3-5 times faster than that of ordinary crucian carp, and the maximum growth of the fry can reach 0.75kg in the same year.

9. Platinum high-yield crucian carp

Under the same conditions, the growth rate of Baijinfengchan crucian carp is more than 18% higher than that of Pengze crucian carp. It is suitable for pond or cage culture in freshwater aquaculture water bodies across the country, avoiding artificial release in natural water bodies. The female proportion of Baijinfengchan crucian carp population is more than 98%. Due to the high proportion of females and the small number of slow-growing male individuals, the difference between individuals becomes smaller, and the uniformity of the specifications out of the pond is improved.

10. Golden Carp

The golden crucian carp is one of the three most famous ornamental fishes in the world. It originated in China and has a history of more than 1,700 years. Its body colors include red, yellow, blue, purple, black, white, two-color, three-color, and five-color. Its body shapes include lion head, high head, bubble, dragon eye, pompom, pearl scale, butterfly tail, tiger head, etc. The golden crucian carp has a strong adaptability to water temperature, but cannot adapt to drastic changes in temperature. Its suitable water temperature is 18-26℃. Too high or too low temperature will affect the feeding, growth and reproduction of goldfish.

11. African Carp

African crucian carp has the characteristics of high yield, fast growth, few diseases, omnivorous diet and strong reproductive capacity. Its meat is delicious, with few bones, high protein content and rich in 8 essential amino acids needed by the human body, among which glutamic acid and glycine are particularly high. It is mainly cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and other areas with higher temperatures, mainly in ponds. Its meat is extremely rich and comprehensive in nutrition, rich in high-quality protein and essential amino acids. Its protein value is similar to that of eggs, and its protein content is more than 30% higher than that of eggs.

12. Jiangsu black carp

Jiangsu black crucian carp has a plump body, a small head, a blunt, horseshoe-shaped snout, a moderate sub-inferior mouth, large eyes located behind the nose, a high, thick, slightly curved back, a straight abdomen, and a forked tail. It is an omnivorous fish that lives in the middle and lower layers of the water body. It has strong digestion and absorption of food and a high feed conversion rate. The water temperature for growth is 16-31℃, and the water temperature for survival is 1-34℃. Jiangsu black crucian carp has a mild temperament, is easy to fish, is resistant to transportation, and has firm scales that do not fall off.