CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Is Chongqing’s climate suitable for eel farming?

Is Chongqing’s climate suitable for eel farming?

Chongqing has a relatively mild climate, belonging to the subtropical monsoon humid climate, with an average annual temperature of about 18 degrees Celsius and an average minimum temperature of about 6-8 degrees Celsius. The summer is relatively hot, with the highest temperature in July and August being around 35 degrees Celsius. The winter is warm and the summer is hot, with a long frost-free period, low temperatures in several periods, and high annual rainfall, so Chongqing is very livable. With a relatively humid, rainy, mild and regular climate, it is very easy to breed eels. In the rural areas of Chongqing, many eels can always be dug up in the rice fields every year. Therefore, there is no problem in breeding eels in Chongqing.

Please guide me on eel farming techniques

Eel

[Growth environment and habits]

The eel's body is cylindrical, suitable for cave life, which is very helpful for entering and exiting the cave and reducing friction. It is really a bit of a "hermit" temperament, with no special attacking skills and no powerful defensive weapons. Its only skill is "Thirty-Six Stratagems, Escape is the Stratagem". It has neither brain fins nor pelvic fins. Even the dorsal fins and anal fins have degenerated to the point where only a few skin folds are left, and the scales have disappeared to the point where they are difficult to see with the naked eye. However, the whole body can secrete very slippery mucus, and if you are not careful, it can slip away from your hands. The main functions of the mucus on the eel's body are: preventing bacteria and germs from infecting the body and reducing diseases; preventing parasitic animals and plants from entangling it, which is beneficial for its growth; and the slippery surface is conducive to its unimpeded passage in the mud.

When the eel embryo develops to the first sexual maturity, it is female, but when it begins the second sexual maturity, it becomes male again. This means that the eel is both a mother and a father in its life. This yin-yang transformation process is called sex reversal in biology.

Most fish breathe through gills, but eels are unique. Their gills have degenerated, and they breathe in air directly through the tiny blood vessels on the surface of their throats. So if we want to keep the eels fresh, we must keep them moist and store them in a cool place.

[Farming technology]

1. Scientific stocking Eels are temperature-changing animals. As long as the water temperature is between 10 and 32 degrees Celsius, they can be stocked all year round. Stocked eels are required to be healthy, active in swimming, free of disease and disability, and of any size. Because eels tend to bully the small and the weak, and bite each other for food when food is scarce, the eels raised in the same pond should have basically the same size. Generally, eels weighing more than 100 to 350 grams can be placed in the waiting pond for sale at any time; eels weighing more than 50 grams can be placed in the cultivation pond and can grow to commercial specifications in the same year; eels weighing less than 50 grams can be placed in the seedling pond and can grow to more than 50 grams in the same year, providing large-sized eel species for eel cultivation next year. The stocking density should be flexibly controlled according to the stocking specifications and feeding conditions, and generally 1 to 5 kilograms are stocked per square meter of water surface.

2. Preparation for entering the pond Before the eels enter the pond, a small amount of fermented organic fertilizer can be applied to breed aquatic animals such as chironomid larvae, earthworms, and aquatic insects, or snails or loaches can be placed in the pond and allowed to breed to provide fresh bait for the fish. If conditions permit, black light can be set up in the pond to lure insects into the pond.

3. Feeding After 1-2 days of short-term adaptation, you can feed the fish. The amount of feed is generally 2%-10% of the total weight of the fish. The amount of feed should be increased or decreased according to the water temperature, the quality of the feed, the water quality, etc. Generally, feed once a day. Feed at 4-5 pm or in the evening. You can also gradually advance the feeding time to acclimate it to daytime feeding, feeding once at 8 am and 4-5 pm.

Eels mainly feed on animal baits, and they like to eat fresh baits, such as various insects and their larvae, earthworms, small fish and shrimps, silkworm pupae, fly maggots, snails, clams, large zooplankton, livestock and poultry viscera and tadpoles. The bait should be fresh and not rotten. In places where animal baits are insufficient, some plant baits, such as bean cakes, bran or corn flour, can be fed. The above plant baits are mixed with minced fish and shrimp meat into a wet ball (which can stay in the water for a long time) and then fed. Larger baits should be chopped or hung in the pond and allowed to be torn and eaten. The shells of hard-shelled baits such as snails, river clams and cockles must be smashed before being put in. The bait should be fed at a fixed point, and 2-8 feeding points should be set up in each fish pond. The suitable water temperature for eels to feed is 15-30℃, and they have the habit of hiding during the day and coming out at night to feed. If the fish pond is covered with plastic film or other warming and insulation measures are adopted in winter to maintain a suitable water temperature, eels can feed and grow all year round, thus greatly shortening the breeding period, reducing costs, and increasing production and benefits. Before feeding, the remaining bait should be removed to avoid affecting the water quality.

4. Adjust the water level and water quality. Since eels can breathe oxygen directly in the air, they need to often put their heads out of the water. Therefore, the water level in the fresh fish pond should be shallow. The water level should be determined according to the size of the eels. The water level in the seedling pond should be shallow, generally 10-20 cm. The culture pond can be deeper, generally 30-40 cm. The water level in the for-sale pond can be shallower. Eels consume a lot of oxygen and like fresh water. Therefore, new water should be poured in frequently. Generally, the water should be changed 1-2 times a month in winter, once a week in spring and autumn, and once every 1-3 days in summer. The amount of water changed each time is 20-50%. Micro-flow water can be formed in the eel pond where conditions permit. In the hot season, the number of water changes should be increased, or loofahs and grapes should be planted on the pond to prevent exposure to the sun and cool down to prevent heatstroke. In larger and deeper eel ponds, a small amount of omnivorous fish such as tilapia, carp, crucian carp, loach, etc. can be raised together to help remove leftover bait and feces and purify water quality.

5. Timely screening and pond division. Eels are highly competitive. Fish of the same size in the pond will have different sizes after a period of breeding. In the long run, this is not conducive to increasing production. Therefore, during the growth period of eels, all eels in the pond should be caught every month or so, and after screening, large, medium and small eels should be separated and raised in separate ponds. Before the end of the growth period in autumn, all fish should be caught, and fish that have reached commercial specifications should be placed in the waiting pond. The rest of the fish of different sizes should be released in separate ponds according to the production needs of the next year. In this way, after a winter of adaptation, the eels can enter the vigorous growth stage earlier next year.

6. Prevention and treatment of fish diseases Before stocking, the eel pond must be cleaned and disinfected with quicklime or bleaching powder. Foreign eels must be disinfected with a bleaching powder solution with a concentration of 1 part per million, or 3% salt water for 10-20 minutes before being put into the pond. During the breeding period, the entire pond should be sprinkled with bleaching powder at a concentration of 1 part per million every month. Washing the scalped toad in the pond has a certain effect on white spot disease and skin rot.

7. Do a good job of protection. The eel pond is small and shallow. When pouring new water, prevent the water from overflowing and fish escaping. The water surface of the fish pond should be controlled below 20 cm from the edge of the pond. Check the firmness of the fish intercepting nets and the pond walls at any time. Especially when there is a lack of food, thunderstorms, long rainy weather or water quality deterioration, eels are most likely to escape. At this time, more attention should be paid to escape prevention. In addition, ducks, rats, cats and other predators should be prevented from harming eels.

8. Wintering Management Generally, after November, when the water temperature drops below 15℃, eels begin to burrow deep into the soil and enter hibernation until February-March of the following year. During the winter, warming and heat preservation measures should be taken in the ponds to be sold. Eels that do not meet the commercial specifications of the year can overwinter in the original pond, and a higher water level can be maintained during the winter. Especially when the water surface is frozen, the water depth under the ice should be kept at more than 0.3 meters, and the pool water should be changed once a month. Dry wintering can also be adopted, that is, when the water temperature drops below 10℃, drain the pool water, cover the bottom of the pool with some wheat straw or rice straw, keep the soil moist and not frozen, and the eels can safely overwinter. In places with heat sources, keep the pool water at 25-30℃ all year round, and the eels can avoid hibernation and grow all year round.

[Cooking method]

Fried eel

Category: Jiangxi cuisine, diabetes recipes, nourishing recipes, uterine prolapse recipes, brain-boosting recipes

Process: Stir-fry Flavor: Spicy Serving: Lunch | Dinner

Taste: This dish is fresh, spicy and has a thick soup with a bright red color.

Ingredients: 750g eel

Accessories: Onion (white skin) 50g

Seasoning: lard (refined) 40g soy sauce 50g garlic (white skin) 5g cooking wine 25g chili (red, sharp, dry) 5g starch (broad bean) 25g ginger 5g sesame oil 5g pepper 5g

Cooking Method

1. Nail the eel's head with a nail, cut it open from head to tail with a knife, remove the internal organs and spine, and then slice the eel into 2.4 cm long slices;

2. Peel the onion, wash and cut into slices;

3. Cut the dried red pepper into small pieces;

4. Wash ginger and garlic, and chop into fine pieces;

5. Heat the wok, simmer some oil in it, then heat up some lard, and stir-fry the eel slices;

6. When the eel is stir-fried and rolled up, add soy sauce, ginger, onion, dried pepper, and cooking wine, cover and simmer;

7. After simmering for a while, add appropriate amount of fresh soup and simmer again;

8. Simmer for a while, thicken with starch, sprinkle with minced garlic, drizzle with sesame oil, serve on a plate, and sprinkle with pepper.

Production Tips

1. The eels must be alive. Dead eels will produce toxic substances in their bodies, which will cause poisoning if eaten.

2. If the eel is difficult to pin down, knock it unconscious first;

3. Cook over high heat and add in the French starch to thicken.

The breeding technology of yellow eel

Technical measures for artificial breeding of yellowtail eels: selection and release of eel species and eels, feeding and management, and escape prevention.

Management of eel farming: feed palatable bait, add fresh water frequently, create a suitable environment, pay attention to the prevention and control of eel diseases, and the overwintering of eels.

Eel disease technology and prevention, several common diseases of eel.

1. Overview

Yellow eel is also called eel, long fish, etc. It grows fast, generally growing 10 cm a month, and can reach 300 grams in 9 months, reaching the size of commercial fish. Yellow eel is particularly suitable for artificial breeding in rural areas, and is a good way for farmers to get rich.

1. Environment that needs attention when breeding eels

You should choose a place with sufficient water and facing the sun all year round. Water quality is the key technology in breeding eels. You must change the water frequently to maintain good water quality. Change the water every 3-5 days in spring and autumn, and every 1-2 days in summer. The water depth should not be less than 10 cm, and the injected water temperature should not exceed 5°C to avoid death due to a sudden drop in temperature.

2. Build an eel pond

To build an eel pond, you should choose a place with slightly higher terrain and convenient drainage and irrigation. The pond should be small, with an area of ​​5-20 square meters, or 30-60 square meters, and a depth of 80-100 cm. The pond should be oriented east-west. In order to prevent escape, you can make a separate pond edge, 30-50 cm above the ground on all sides. In places with harder soil, bricks and stones are not needed to build a pond. If you build a pond in soft soil, you should use bricks and stones to pave the bottom and cement joints. The bottom of the pond should be padded with 30-60 cm of moderately hard soil that has been exposed to the sun, so that the eels can dig holes and hide. Dig a water inlet near the water source, and leave a drainage outlet at the lower end of the opposite side parallel to the bottom of the water. There should be fish-blocking nets at both the inlet and outlet to prevent the eels from escaping. 1/3 of the water surface of the pond can be appropriately planted with water plants such as wild rice stem, water peanuts, and wormwood to provide shade for the eels and improve the environment of the fish pond.

2. Technical measures for artificial breeding of eels

1. Selection and placement of eel species and eels

You should choose eels with strong physique, smooth body surface, strong activity and uniform size. Generally, each eel is required to weigh 20 grams. If large-sized eels weighing 30-50 grams are released, the survival rate is high, the weight gain is fast, and the yield is high. The seedlings can be obtained from wild young eels caught in cages, or purchased from the market, but the eels with broken skin and broken tails should be removed. Artificially bred seedlings can also be used. It is better to release them in early spring. Release them within a week. The stocking amount is generally 1.5-3 kilograms per square meter, and 5-6 kilograms can be raised under good conditions. In short, the larger the stocking size, the smaller the density, and vice versa, it will increase accordingly. Before stocking, attention should be paid to fish disinfection, and the water temperature difference should not be too large.

2. Baiting and management

Yellow eel is mainly carnivorous, and can be fed artificially with earthworms, small fish and shrimp, snail and clam meat, etc. It can also be fed with some rice bran, bean cake and other plant feeds with high protein content. Do not feed rotten and spoiled feeds. Feeding should be done in the evening, and the daily amount accounts for 3-5% of the total weight of the eel. The feeding amount from June to August is 6-7% of the total weight. The feeding amount increases with the growth of the eel. When the temperature is suitable for growth, more feeding should be done frequently. Feeding should be stopped below 15℃ and 10℃. The feed should be put into the feeding table to facilitate the control of food intake and the removal of residual bait.

3. Escape prevention

During thunderstorms and hot weather, the air pressure is low and the water is lacking in oxygen. You can see eels coming out of their holes, standing the front of their bodies upright and sticking their heads out of the water. At this time, you should pay attention to pouring in new water. On rainy days, you should also pay attention to whether the overflow outlet is unobstructed and whether the fish net is firm to prevent the eels from escaping. There should be no straw ropes or wooden sticks extending outside the pool, because eels are most likely to escape with the water on rainy days.

3. Summer management of eel farming

1. Feed suitable bait

The eel is an omnivorous fish that is mainly carnivorous. It particularly likes fresh bait or mixed feed with high protein content, such as various insect larvae, small fish and shrimp, snails, mussel meat, silkworm pupae, earthworms, maggots, and leftovers of poultry and livestock, which are all ideal baits for the eel.

Rice field eels like to hide during the day and be active at night, so the best time to feed them is between 4 and 6 pm. Rice field eels are greedy and can tolerate hunger, and it is difficult for them to tell when they are full or hungry, so it is important to pay attention to the timing and quantity of feeding. Generally, 400-500 grams of feed is fed per square meter of eel pond every day, which is about 5-8% of the eel's body weight. There should be a fixed feeding place for feeding, and more feeding tables should be set up to prevent food snatching or uneven hunger and fullness.

2. Add fresh water frequently

The depth of the eel pond should be appropriate, generally 15-20 cm. The water should be changed frequently, every day or every other day, to ensure the water quality is fresh. In hot and humid weather, before a thunderstorm, the water will be lacking in oxygen. Before such weather, new water should be added in time. In rainy days, attention should be paid to unblocking drainage, and rainwater should not flood the pond to prevent escape.

3. Create a suitable environment

The suitable temperature for eels is 15-30℃. Too high or too low temperature will affect the feeding and growth of eels. Therefore, in the hot summer and autumn seasons, attention should be paid to creating an adaptive environment for eels. One-third of the area in the breeding pond can be used to stock water hyacinths, duckweed, or to grow aquatic plants such as arrowhead mushrooms and water chestnuts. Pumpkins and lentils can also be planted by the pond, and a frame can be built on the pond to provide shade to facilitate the growth of eels.

4. Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of eel diseases

Before stocking eels, soak them in 4% salt water or 10ppm bleach for 10-20 minutes to effectively prevent eel diseases. When yellow eels are injured, they will develop saprolegniasis, so they must be carefully operated during the breeding process to avoid injury to the eels. When yellow eels are infected with this disease, you can use 40,000ths of baking soda and salt mixture to spray the whole pond, or you can use 3-5% salt water to soak the eels for 5-8 minutes.

5. Wintering of eels

(1) Dry wintering: Drain the pond water in winter, keep the soil moist, cover the top layer with 18 cm of straw to prevent the soil from freezing, and be careful of rats and cats entering the pond to damage the eels.

(2) Bring water to overwinter: In winter, deepen the water level to enrich the water quality and increase the water temperature. Break the ice on the water surface in time to prevent the eels from suffocating and dying due to lack of oxygen.

4. Eel diseases and prevention techniques

During the growth period, especially when the eels are just being released and during the breeding season, ducks must not be allowed to enter the pond to prey on them. To prevent cats, mice, birds and other animals from entering the pond to prey on the eels, it is best to cover the pond with old mesh or take other protective measures.

In summer, sometimes the temperature is too high and the eels may suffer from heatstroke and coma. At this time, you should replace them with cool water, or provide shade to cool them down, and then feed them fresh tadpole meat.

In the early stage of eel breeding, if the eel's skin is injured, it is easy to cause Saprolegniasis. The diseased eel grows white hair, loses appetite, and finally dies of illness. The prevention and control method is to select young eels with no injuries on the body surface and strong physique, and disinfect the eel pond with lime before stocking. If eels with Saprolegniasis are found, 5% iodine should be applied to the affected area or 3-4% salt water should be soaked in the fish body for 5 minutes in time, which can achieve better results.

The eel's plum-shaped spot disease is a disease in which yellow circular spots the size of soybeans appear on the eel's back.

The prevention and control method is to raise some toads in the eel pond, because the toad venom on their bodies has preventive and therapeutic effects. If the disease has already occurred, you can use the skinned head of the toad, tie it with a rope and drag it in the pond several times, and the disease will be cured in 1-2 days.

The eel hair nematode disease is a disease caused by hair nematodes invading the eel's intestines. The eel dies when a large number of hair nematodes parasitize it. The prevention and control method is to use quicklime to clean the pond before stocking eel fry, which can kill the eggs and prevent the disease. After the diseased eels are found, 5 grams of trichlorfon crystals (90%) can be mixed with 3 kilograms of bean cake powder for every 50 kilograms of eels to make a bait for feeding and treatment.

5. Prevention and treatment of several common diseases of eels

In the process of breeding eels, disease prevention and control should be done well. The common diseases and prevention and control methods are introduced as follows:

1. Skin rot:

Sick eels are unable to move, with their heads sticking out of the water all day long. There are many round red spots of varying sizes on their body surface, mostly on the sides of the abdomen. Some eels also have pea-sized purple spots on the abdomen. Severe epidermis rots into small funnel-shaped holes. If the rotten skin and flesh are peeled off, the rotten skin and internal organs can often be seen.

Prevention and treatment methods:

(1) Regularly changing the pool water and maintaining good water quality is one of the important preventive measures.

(2) While adding new water, sprinkle 1ppm of bleach throughout the pond for 3 consecutive days, which has a good effect.

(3) Mix 25,000 units of erythromycin and thiazole per cubic meter of water and feed once a day for 3-6 days

2. Skin fungus disease:

This disease is caused by eels biting each other due to excessive stocking density or insufficient bait, and the wounds becoming infected with mold. Cotton-like white hair grows on the wounds, and the diseased eels lose their appetite and eventually become emaciated and die.

Prevention and treatment methods:

(1) Wash the eel seeds with 5% salt water before stocking.

(2) If the disease has already occurred, a mixture of 0.04% table salt and 0.04% baking soda can be sprayed throughout the pond.

(3) Tail rot: This disease is prone to occur in high-density eel ponds or during transportation. The tail of the diseased eel becomes inflamed and congested, followed by muscle rot and necrosis, resulting in the rot of the tail stalk or tail muscles, exposure of the caudal vertebrae, and the head of the diseased eel sticking out of the water. The eel becomes slow to respond and weak in movement.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Pay attention to the environmental hygiene of the eel pond water surface to reduce the occurrence and harm of this disease. (2) Spray 0.2ppm furazolidone throughout the pond. (3) Use 0.25 units of chlortetracycline per milliliter to disinfect the fish body, which is very effective.

3. Capillariasis:

This disease is caused by capillaries invading the eel's intestines, causing the eel to become emaciated and then die.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Disinfect the eel pond with quicklime before stocking to prevent this disease. (2) Mix 5-7.5 grams of 9% crystal trichlorfon with river clam meat for every 50 kg of eels and feed them for 6 consecutive days. (3) Use a mixture of Chinese herbal medicines such as Guanzhong, Jing, Sugeng, and Melia azedarach root bark, with a total amount of 290 grams per 50 kg of eels (the ratio is 16:5:3:5 in order), add water equivalent to 3 times the total amount of medicine, boil until the original water volume is 1/2, pour out the medicine juice, and boil it for the second time with water according to the above method, and mix the two medicine juices into the feed and feed it for 6 consecutive days.

4. It is caused by the parasitic intestinal worms, which cause intestinal inflammation and congestion, blocking the intestinal tract. In severe cases, it causes intestinal perforation and the death of the eel.

Prevention and control methods: (1) Disinfect the eel pond with quicklime before stocking to prevent this disease. (2) Mix 40-50 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon with feed for every 50 kilograms of eels and feed for 6 consecutive days.

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