CATDOLL : CATDOLL: How can seafood be transported over long distances?

How to transport seafood over long distances?

Buy a white foam seafood preservation box at the seafood market, and then put ice chips (crushed ice cubes) in the box. Putting ice cubes directly will take up the area of ​​the box. When putting seafood, just spread a thin layer of ice chips and then seal it.

Long-distance transportation of live shrimp: To transport live shrimp, the water in the pond needs to be slowly lowered to 12-14℃, so that the live shrimp can barely move. When the live shrimp is slightly red, the live shrimp is taken out and packed. In this way, the transportation can generally be extended by 3-5 days.

Long-distance transportation of live turtles: Short-distance transportation directly uses cattail baskets, which are divided by lines, and transported in layers with wet cattails. A single layer can hold about 18 pounds of live turtles. For long-distance transportation, wooden barrels can be covered, and the bottom of the barrels can be covered with water-containing yellow sand, but it should be avoided from being soaked in water. In summer, attention should be paid to avoiding mosquito bites, and in winter, attention should be paid to keeping warm, and straw chains and branches should be covered. Long-distance transportation of turtles is relatively simple. Before transportation, it is necessary to carefully check whether the turtle is healthy, that is, the appearance is complete, the demeanor is lively, and it is better to turn over when the belly is turned over. Only careful inspection can ensure the survival rate in long-distance transportation. Stop feeding a few days before transportation to allow the turtle to excrete in the body and reduce secretions. During the transportation process, the turtle and the transportation shed should be cleaned every few days to remove the turtle's excrement. It is forbidden for turtles to bite each other and avoid long-term intensive biting. You can divide the area inside the basket, put one in each area, and spread water plants, and leave air holes on the box wall to prevent the turtle from lacking oxygen. Ensure water supply during transportation to keep the turtle's shell moist.

Long-distance transportation of live loaches: For short-distance transportation of a few hours, nylon textile bags or other tighter bags can be used for transportation, but they must be wet. There should not be too many loaches, and they should not be stacked more than one foot. For long-distance transportation, buckets with covers should be used for transportation. Water should be poured in a higher level than the loaches, and a small amount of ginger slices and beaten eggs should be added. The water should be changed in due course. If the loaches are placed in an environment of 5°C, long-distance transportation will be easy.

Artificial propagation and large-scale breeding technology of loach

Loach is an omnivorous small freshwater fish and one of the main freshwater economic fish. How to artificially breed and scale up the breeding? Here I will introduce the artificial breeding and scale breeding technology of loach, I hope it will be helpful to you.

Artificial propagation of loach

1. Selection of broodstock and identification of sex

It is generally not easy to keep the parent loaches for artificial breeding for a long time. It is best to collect natural loaches near the spawning period and carry out artificial breeding after intensive cultivation. When collecting parent loaches, they must be selected from mature loaches that are over 2 years old, with a regular body shape, a strong physique, a lot of mucus, and healthy and uninjured. Female loaches are required to be 18cm long and weigh more than 30g, with a swollen, soft and elastic abdomen; male loaches are required to be 12cm long and weigh more than 15g, with obvious star chasers on the pectoral fins. The identification of males and females is: mature female loaches are significantly larger than male loaches, with wide and short pectoral fins, blunt and rounded ends, fan-shaped, and obviously protruding abdomens. The body is cylindrical, and the genital pores are everted and red. Male loaches are small in size, with narrow and long pectoral fins, pointed and upturned ends, a thin bone plate at the base of the second fin ray, and star chasers on the fin rays.

2. Artificial induction of labor

〈1〉 Commonly used tools

Commonly used instruments must be prepared before delivery. The instruments include two mortars with a diameter of 6 cm for grinding the pituitary gland and testis; several medical syringes with a capacity of 1-2 ml and several No. 4 injection needles for injecting oxytocin into the loach; two dissecting scissors, two knives, and two tweezers for removing the testis; several towels, several feathers on the wings of poultry, one 1000 ml narrow-necked bottle, two 20 or 50 ml straws, several basins or buckets for temporary rearing of the loach before delivery, and several white enamel bowls.

〈2〉Induction of labor

Artificial induction of loach is later than natural reproduction, and requires a stable water temperature of more than 20℃. The commonly used induction drugs are: human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), pituitary, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LRH-A). The dosage is 300-400 international units of HCG, or 1 carp pituitary, or 5-10ug of LRH-A per female loach, and the dosage of male loach is halved. The injection site is generally injected into the back muscle, and the body cavity can also be injected. The injection dosage of female loach is 0.2ml, male loach is 0.1ml, and the injection depth is 0.2cm. The injection time is based on the loach reaching the estrus climax in the early morning of the next day. The injected parent loach is placed in a 2m×1m×0.5m (length×width×height) cage, and each cage is placed with 50 groups of parent loach, with a male-female ratio of 1:1.2-1.5, and several fish nests are placed in the cage.

〈3〉Artificial insemination

When the effect time is approaching, if the male and female loaches chase each other more frequently, the male loach curls up around the female loach, and the female loach breathes rapidly, it means that the estrus climax has arrived. At this time, if the female loach's abdomen is squeezed, golden eggs will flow out and float freely, indicating that artificial insemination can be performed. Artificial insemination should be performed indoors. One person wraps the mature female loach with a towel, exposing the belly, and gently squeezes the abdomen to squeeze the mature eggs into a dry white enamel dish; another person pours the prepared semen on the eggs; the third person gently shakes the porcelain dish with his hand, and stirs it gently with a feather for a few seconds, then adds a small amount of clean water to enhance sperm vitality and improve fertilization rate. Then rinse the fertilized eggs several times and put them in the incubation tank for incubation.

〈4〉Hatching management

In a hatching tank, fertilized eggs should be placed relatively concentrated at the same time. The hatching water should be fresh, rich in oxygen, and pollution-free. The dissolved oxygen requirement is 6-7 mg/l, and the pH value is between 7-8. 2-3 eggs should be placed for every 1 ml of water. The water flow in the hatching tank should be controlled to be able to flush the fertilized eggs to the water surface, and gradually spread out to the surroundings and then gradually sink when approaching the water surface. The suitable water temperature for hatching is 20-28℃, the optimal water temperature is 25℃, and the fry can be hatched in about 30-35 hours when the water temperature is 24-25℃. After the fry are hatched, they should continue to be temporarily raised in the original tank with slow-flowing water. After most of the yolk sacs of the fry have basically disappeared, feed the tank with cooked egg yolks, 1 egg yolk for every 200,000 fish. After feeding for 2-3 consecutive days, they can be put into the pond for seedling cultivation.

Large-scale breeding of loach ponds

The so-called large-scale loach farming refers to the high-yield breeding of loaches in a concentrated area of ​​hundreds or even thousands of acres at the same location. The average yield is required to be more than 500kg, and it integrates seedling cultivation, commercial loach production, feed supply, and commercial centralized sales. Provide sufficient and large quantities of commercial loaches for the market.

1. Site selection

The site selection for loach breeding farms should, as far as possible, meet the following requirements: the water source should be sufficient and reliable; the water quality should be fresh and pollution-free; the water supply and drainage should be convenient and self-irrigation and self-drainage should be possible; the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic clay soil; there should be plenty of sunlight; convenient transportation; and a place with guaranteed electricity.

2. Construction of adult loach pond

The pond area is 100-300 square meters. When building a loach pond, considering the loach's unique mud-burying performance and escape ability, the four sides of the pond must be 40cm above the water surface. The best materials to choose are cement boards, bricks or hard plastic boards, or compacted with mortar. You can also use screen cloth to fence around the pond, bury the screen in the hard soil, and raise it 15-20cm above the water surface. The pond depth is required to be 80-100cm. There should be 20-30cm of silt on the bottom, and the water depth should be maintained at 30-50cm. The water inlet is 20cm above the water surface, the drain outlet is set at the same level as the normal water level of the pond, and the bottom outlet of the drainage is set at the bottom of the fish pond at the bottom of the pond. The inlet and outlet are wrapped with dense mesh to prevent loaches from escaping. Fish pond mud pit: In order to facilitate fishing, a fish pond connected to the bottom outlet of the drainage is set in the pond. Its area is about 5% of the bottom of the pond and it is 30-35cm deeper than the bottom of the pond. The fish pond is surrounded by wooden boards or built with cement or bricks.

3. Preparation before stocking and stocking

10 days before stocking, clean the loach pond, plug the holes, dredge the water pipes, and plow the silt at the bottom of the pond. Then use quicklime to clean the pond. When the pond water is 10cm deep, apply 1kg of quicklime per 10 square meters. After the quicklime is turned into slurry, immediately sprinkle it evenly throughout the pond. Three days after the pond is cleaned, add 30cm of water to apply basal fertilizer. The amount of basal fertilizer: 3kg of chicken manure per 10 square meters; if human manure, pig manure, and cow manure are applied, 5kg per 10 square meters; if chemical fertilizers are applied, 7g of nitrogen fertilizer and 1g of phosphate fertilizer can be applied per cubic meter of water. It is used to cultivate and breed plankton, so that the loach can eat natural bait after being put into the pond. Before stocking the loach, 8×10-6 or 10×10-6 bleaching powder solution can be used to disinfect the fish. When the water temperature is 10-15℃, the immersion time is 20-30 minutes. After the toxicity of the disinfectant disappears, 50-60 3-4cm loach fingerlings are placed per square meter. If the water source conditions and technical strength are good, the number can be increased appropriately. In the loach pond, middle and upper layer fishes can be appropriately raised, such as grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and other summer flower fish species, but tilapia, carp, crucian carp and other species are not suitable.

4. Feeding and management

〈1〉. Fertilization

Loach is an omnivorous fish that likes to eat organic debris, plankton, benthic animals, etc. Therefore, during the breeding stage of adult loach, fertilization measures should be taken to cultivate natural bait. In addition to applying base fertilizer, topdressing should be done in time according to the water color. Topdressing is commonly used with farmyard manure such as pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, and human manure. Chemical fertilizers such as superphosphate, urea, and ammonium carbonate can also be applied. The amount of topdressing depends on the water color, which is generally 30-50% of the base fertilizer. The transparency of the pond water is controlled at 15-20cm, and the water color is preferably yellow-green.

〈2〉. Baiting

Loach has a wide range of food habits. In addition to fertilizing and cultivating water quality, compound feed should also be fed during breeding. The appetite of loach is related to water temperature. When the water temperature is below 20℃, plant bait is the main food, accounting for about 60-70%; when the water temperature is 21-23℃, animal and plant baits each account for 50%; when the water temperature exceeds 24℃, plant bait should be reduced to 30-40%. Animal baits for loach include: fish meal, animal offal, earthworms, small fish meat, blood meal, etc.; plant baits include: soybean meal, rapeseed meal, second flour, wheat bran, grains, etc. Artificial compound feed is generally fed once in the morning and afternoon every day, and the daily feeding amount is 4-10% of the loach's body weight. Feeding should be flexibly controlled according to water quality, weather, and feeding conditions. When the water temperature is above 15℃, the loach's appetite gradually increases, and at 25-27℃, the appetite is particularly strong. When the water temperature exceeds 30℃ or is below 12℃, less feed should be given or even stopped. Feeding should be done at regular times, fixed locations, fixed quality, and fixed quantities.

5. Daily management

Daily management work mainly includes: regulating water quality, keeping the pond water rich, active and refreshing. The water color is yellow-green, and the water is changed 1-2 times a week; patrol the pond 3 times a day, pay attention to the changes in the water color and the activities of loaches; feed fish disease prevention drugs regularly; clean the feed table frequently and disinfect it regularly; treat diseases in time when they are found; check the inlet and outlet, the pond embankment regularly, and repair the holes in time when they are found; when the climate environment changes suddenly, such as: when the weather is hot and humid, the air pressure is low, there is a thunderstorm or continuous rain, you should pay attention to observe whether the adult loaches float. If the floating head is serious, new water should be injected in time. Keep a record of daily work.

Prevention and control of common diseases of loach

1. Saprolegniasis

Caused by fungal infection such as Saprolegnia and Pythium. This disease is mostly caused by the injury of the loach body, the fungal spores multiply in the wound and invade the body tissue, and the naked eye can see white or grayish cotton wool on the diseased part. Prevention and control methods: Soak in 1×10-6 concentration of malachite green solution for 15-30 minutes; or mix a 4×10-4 solution of baking soda and salt into a mixture and spray it all over the pond.

2. Red fin disease

Caused by infection with Brevibacterium. The fins, abdomen, skin and anus of the diseased loach are congested and ulcerated, and the tail fin and pectoral fin are white and rotten. Prevention and control methods: Spray the whole pond with bleaching powder with a concentration of 1×10-6; or spray the whole pond with chloranthate with a concentration of 0.5×10-6; or soak in a tetracycline solution with a concentration of 10×10-6 for 12 hours.

3. Printing disease

It is caused by the parasitism of Aeromonas aquaticus. The lesions of the diseased loach are swollen, red, oval or round. The affected areas are mainly on both sides of the tail peduncle, like a stamp. Prevention and control methods: Spraying the whole pond with 0.5×10-6 concentration of chloranthate can achieve the purpose of treatment.

4. Parasitic diseases

It is mainly caused by parasites such as wheelworms, tongue cupworms and trichodina. The sick loach is thin and often floats on the water surface, is restless, or circles on the water surface, and has increased mucus on the body surface. Prevention and control methods: Spraying a mixture of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) with a concentration of 0.7×10-6 throughout the pond can prevent wheelworms and tongue cupworms; spraying 90% crystal trichlorfon with a concentration of 0.5×10-6 throughout the pond can prevent trichodina and trichodina.

Catching, temporary rearing and transportation of loach

1. Fishing: Put a net over the bottom of the pond drain. As the water flows out of the drain, the loaches slowly gather in the fish pit, and some flow out with the water into the net. Then flush the fish pit with water to concentrate the loaches in the net. If you use 5-6 kg of tea dregs per mu of water surface in the pond outside the fish pit while draining water, roast them in the fire for 3-5 minutes, take them out, grind them into powder while hot, and then sprinkle them with tea dregs soaked in water for 3-5 hours to drive the loaches to the fish pit quickly, the fishing effect will be better.

2. Temporary care

After the loaches are caught, they must be placed in fish baskets, nets, water tanks or cement pools with clean water (no bait) for several days, whether they are sold domestically or shipped abroad. The purpose is to: remove feces from the body to increase the survival rate during transportation; remove the muddy smell of the loach meat to improve the taste; and gather the loaches in one place for easy shipment in batches.

3. Transportation

Adult loaches have strong skin respiration function, so they are easy to transport. For short-distance transportation, dry transportation can be adopted, that is, loaches can be placed in containers and their skins can be kept moist for short-distance transportation; for medium-distance transportation, wooden barrels or fish baskets can be used for transportation. Generally, 1 kg of water can carry 1-1.5 kg of loaches. When the temperature is 15°C, the transportation can take 5-8 hours; for long-distance transportation, cooling transportation should be adopted, that is, fresh loaches should be placed in refrigerated trucks at about 5°C for temperature control and insulation transportation.