CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Koi gill cover open, is there worm, how to treat

1. Koi gill cover is open, is there worm, how to treat it

Gill rot is mostly caused by parasites or bacterial infection, so there are two types of gill rot: parasite gill rot and bacterial gill rot. (1) Parasite gill rot: Its pathogens are ringworms or wheelworms. They cross-infect each other, causing obvious swelling of the gills and difficulty in opening the gill covers. In severe cases, the gill filaments are partially ulcerated, exposing the gill cartilage, making it difficult for the fish to breathe and eventually die. Prevention and control methods: 0.5-0.8 grams of crystal trichlorfon can be used, put in 10 kilograms of water, and soak the diseased fish for 10-15 minutes. You can also use 0.2 grams of crystal trichlorfon, 0.2 grams of copper sulfate, and 0.2 grams of iron sulfite, mix them in 10 kilograms of water, and soak the diseased fish for 10-15 minutes. Or choose 0.2-0.3 grams of crystal trichlorfon, dissolve it in water, and sprinkle it in 1 ton of feed water. Use the medicine 1-2 times a week to effectively kill parasites in the water. (2) Bacterial gill rot: Its pathogen is Saprolegnia. The gill filaments of diseased fish lose blood severely, the gill filaments turn white, and in severe cases, flocculent hyphae adhere to the gills, with a very high mortality rate. Prevention and control methods: 50 grams of table salt and 50 grams of baking soda can be mixed in 10 kilograms of water, and the diseased fish can be soaked for 15-20 minutes. You can also use 0.7 grams of malachite green, put it in 100 grams of water, and soak the diseased fish for 15-30 minutes. (3) Myxosporean gill rot: Its pathogen is myxosporean. The gill filaments will have many gray-white dots or cysts visible to the naked eye, which will grow from small to large and damage the fish gills. Once the cysts rupture, countless spores enter the feed water and re-invade the gills of healthy fish. The gill filaments lose blood and die in large numbers. Gill rot caused by myxosporean is relatively rare. Prevention and control methods: Use the juice soaked in the bark of three-year-old maple poplar, absorb an appropriate amount, put it in ten kilograms of water, and soak the diseased fish for 5-10 minutes. Repeated use of the medicine will be effective. You can also use 150 grams of ammonia water, put it into 10 kilograms of water, and soak the diseased fish for 5-10 minutes. Repeated use will be effective. (4) Myxococcus gill rot: The pathogen is myxococcus. The gill filaments of the diseased fish are ulcerated and attached with a lot of white mucus. In severe cases, the gill filaments are corroded into small holes, the cartilage is exposed, and the mortality rate is very high. Prevention and control methods: 1-2 grams of furazolidone can be used, dissolved in 10 kilograms of water, and soak the diseased fish for 15-20 minutes. You can also use high-concentration salt water to soak the diseased fish for 15-20 minutes. You can also use 11.5% concentration of chloramine 0.05 grams and 0.2 grams of furazolidinone, mix them and put them in 10 kilograms of water. Repeated use has a good effect.

2. The carp I bought has white spots after only 5 or 6 days of breeding. I put disinfectant but it didn't work. What should I do? I need help urgently. Thank you.

Raise the temperature by 30 degrees, then use White Spot Cleaner according to the instructions. This medicine should be available in most ornamental fish stores. This may be Ichthyophthirius, which may have been infected before purchase. General disinfection will not work at all. Formalin will have some effect. Another white one may be Myxosporea, which is less likely. Myxosporea usually have more dots on the gills and are very large. If there are more parasites, they are not dot-shaped and may be very large, some as big as rice grains.

3. Artificial Immunity for Koi Disease Prevention and Control

Complete knowledge of koi fish disease prevention and treatment

1. Gill swelling

One month after birth, that is, in early June, the young fish that have just started to eat artificial feed are prone to this disease. The symptoms are that the gill covers are spread outward, and the red, swollen gills can be seen through the gaps between them. They open their mouths wide and breathe in a distressed manner, and die in large numbers. Even if it can be cured, the sequelae of jaw deformation will occur, making it unsuitable for ornamental purposes. It is really a difficult disease. By the end of July, the disease will subside, and carp over two years old are immune.

The causative agent of this disease is a myxosporean cyst and a gram-negative bacillus, called Aeromonas. There is currently no cure for this myxosporean cyst.

The preventive method is to disinfect the pond water with Malachite Green in early June to kill Aeromonas bacteria, and mince the meat of carp over two years old that are immune, mix it with the feed and feed it for about a week. Even if the disease has already occurred, this method can also prevent the spread, because the blood of immune adult fish has the effect of preventing the development of myxosporea.

2. Squamous disease

A certain kind of water solution accumulates in the scale sac under the fish scales, which pushes the scales up and makes them stand up. At the same time, there is also fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, which looks like a pine cone. At first, it only occurs in a small part of the body, and then gradually spreads to the whole body. The eyeballs protrude, the breathing is rapid and manic, and the fish floats upside down on the water surface, and dies after one or two days. German carp can also suffer from this disease, but it is easier to treat.

The cause of the disease is believed to be infection with Aeromonas bacteria, blood circulation disorders caused by vascular or visceral diseases, filterable viruses, circulatory system disorders caused by certain pathogens, or excessive intake of animal feed. Intake of too many acidified silkworm pupae can also cause this disease. The incidence rate is higher in early spring and lower when the water temperature is high. Both young fish and adult fish can get this disease, and it is particularly easy to occur in polluted pond water.

Treatment can be with Sulfa, antibiotics and Furan series drugs. It will be more effective if a mixture of Monafracin and Deptelex is applied after puncturing the blisters.

Delayed treatment will make cure difficult, so early detection and prompt treatment are necessary.

3. White spot disease

Symptoms: Small white spots first appear on the body, fins, and tail, and then gradually increase, like spreading powder. In severe cases, the epidermis peels off, the fin bones are exposed, and the fish dies of weakness. The pathogen is an oval ciliate about 0.7mm long, called Ichthyophthirius. The treatment is a one-week Furanese medicinal bath.

4. Waterborne fungal diseases

The pathogen is composed of many hyphae. The lower part of the hyphae invades the fish skin, while the upper part occurs in the water and looks like fur. In severe cases, the invasion reaches deep into the body. The fish gradually becomes weak and dies within 2-7 days. This disease mostly occurs in ponds with many fish or in dirty stagnant water. It is more likely to occur when the fish is weak or has external injuries. The pathogen is called Saprolegniasis or Achlyasis. The treatment method is to wash with 1.5-2.5% salt water to remove the hyphae, then apply 2% red medicine, and then use Monafracin or Franese medicine bath for fish.

5. Gill rot

This is the most common disease, which can occur regardless of the breeding conditions or the size of the fish. It usually occurs during high temperatures above 20°C, but can occasionally be found below 20°C. The disease progresses very quickly, often causing mass mortality, that is, the fish may suddenly become inactive without any changes in appearance, and die soon after.

When this happens, open the fish gills and observe them. You will find that the originally red gills are grayish white or covered with mud or partially missing. This makes it easy to diagnose the pathogen as Flexibacter Columnaris. Treatments include oral administration of Sulfa and antibiotics, and bathing with Furan. Terramycin for aquaculture is easy to use and has a quick effect.

6. Anchor Worm

Symptoms are 2-10cm long rods attached under the fish scales, and the area is red, swollen and inflamed. Pulling out the rods can get the anchor worms. They can also parasitize under the skin, fins or mouth. Sometimes a fish is parasitized by dozens of anchor worms, which weaken the fish and cause complications and death.

The pathogen is a water-dwelling parasitic copepod. Treatment is to expel it with Deptelex.

7. Fish fleas

The parasite lives on the fish, and the fish often rub their bodies against the bottom of the pool, rocks, or fish groups in a corner of the pool when swimming. If you pay close attention, you can find that the 5mm long and 3mm wide worms are parasitic on the fins. The parasitic fish often die of complications due to physical weakness.

The pathogen is Argulus and Foliaceus. The treatment is to use Deptelex to remove it.

8. Swim bladder disease

The fish floats to the surface of the water or sinks to the bottom of the pond or swims upside down in the water in a struggling state and cannot swim in a normal posture. This is a symptom of imbalance in the serve.

The reasons are inappropriate feeding leading to indigestion, which causes the swollen intestines to press on the fish's swim bladder, or a sharp drop in water temperature, which weakens the digestive power and causes physical loss, or the deterioration of the fish's swim bladder fat, etc. It is difficult to treat.

9. Intestinal distension

It is often found in fat carp. A tumor develops in the abdomen, gradually grows larger, and the skin gradually rots, eventually breaking through the skin and causing death.

The cause is a malignant tumor of the reproductive gland, in which cancerous particles can be found. There is no other treatment method except early detection and early removal. In order to detect it early, a tissue examination should be done at an early stage.

10. Lumbar dysplasia

The twisting posture when swimming is a symptom of poisoning caused by excessive use of pesticides such as Deptelex. Other causes such as excessive feeding or electric shock or lightning caused by pumps can also cause this symptom. When the spine is damaged, it is generally difficult to heal, but sometimes it will heal itself without medication. In order to allow it to heal itself, it is better to keep it in a large pond.

11. Bubble Disease

It often occurs in young fish raised in green water during the high temperature period in summer. Bubbles appear on the head or fins of the sick fish, and the eyeballs bulge out. This occurs when the dissolved oxygen in the water is oversaturated, and can be prevented by increasing the amount of water or blocking the sun.

When raising fish in a tank, this may also occur if the heating and aeration are not properly controlled.

12. Spondylosis

The back muscles along the dorsal fin are thin and sunken, and appear like a spine hump. Although the mortality rate is not high, the tolerance to lack of oxygen and extreme cold is low, and it is easy to develop skin diseases.

The cause of the disease is the denatured fat in the silkworm pupae, which is said to be similar to human diabetes in terms of pathological histology.

The treatment method is to feed vitamin E to the silkworms, but the treatment is difficult. The prevention method is to feed them with vitamin E when feeding them with silkworm pupae.

13. Stomatitis

The mouth or its surrounding area becomes inflamed and turns yellow or red. It is caused by bacteria such as Flexibacter and Columnaris.

The general treatment is to use Salfa or antibiotics for oral treatment. This disease often occurs in juvenile fish.

14. Ulcers

Initially, a white spot as big as a grain of rice appears somewhere on the fish's body, then expands to become the affected area, with redness around it. When the condition worsens, the scales fall off, exposing the muscles and presenting ulcerative symptoms, and sometimes even exposing the bones, but the mortality rate is not high. The pathogen is Aeromonas, but it often coexists with Fpistylis bacteria. The treatment method is to disinfect with Malachite Green or formalin, and then give the fish an antibiotic, Furan. Kanamycin injections also have significant effects.

External injuries to the body, especially abrasions caused by catching fish with nets, are often the cause of ulcers and must be avoided with caution.

15. Epidermoplastic disease

The symptoms are small bulges in the red, white and Taisho Sansho erythema, and they occur in the eyeball, especially in the corneal lamina propria or conjunctiva where there is red pigment. Pathologically, it is a fibrous tumor with abnormal proliferation of dermal and tissue cells. The only treatment is excision, but if the excision is not complete, it will recur. Even if the excision is successful, scars will be left, reducing the aesthetic value.

16. Wireworm disease

Found in carp in cold regions such as Echigo. The scales of sick fish are raised and red, and it is easy to diagnose by pulling out the worm with a clamp. The pathogen is the nematode Philometroides, which first uses water fleas as parasitic media and then enters the fish's body. This disease does not occur in warm regions, and there is currently no drug that can eliminate it.