CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the symptoms of duck paratyphoid?

What are the symptoms of duck paratyphoid?

Duck paratyphoid, also known as duck salmonellosis, is an acute or chronic infectious disease of ducks caused by bacteria of the genus Salmonella. Ducklings often die in large numbers when infected, and adult ducks become carriers of the bacteria in a chronic or latent manner. The bacteria are widely present in livestock and poultry, the human body, and the external environment, endangering the health of animals and humans.

[Symptoms and lesions]: After infection, some ducklings die suddenly without showing any symptoms. Most of them become depressed, stand still, fear the cold, hang their heads and close their eyes, have a decreased appetite, an increased desire to drink, and often suffer from diarrhea. The anus is often sticky with watery feces, and clear watery secretions flow from the eyes and nasal cavity. They are weak and have an unstable gait. Finally, they may suffer from opisthotonos and convulsions and die.

Characteristic lesions are enlarged liver with pure round edges and uneven surface color, sometimes grayish yellow, dense grayish white necrotic spots as big as needle tips on the liver surface and substance; the entire intestinal mucosa is congested and hemorrhagic, with grayish white necrotic spots as big as needle tips visible on the surface, and some intestinal mucosa is necrotic and detached, forming a layer of bran-like substances on the surface; some ducklings have enlarged cecums with cheese-like substances forming emboli; the gallbladder is swollen and filled with bile; some air sacs are turbid and opaque; the kidneys are lighter in color and have urate deposits. [Diagnosis] A preliminary diagnosis can be made based on the epidemiological situation, clinical symptoms and autopsy changes, and bacterial isolation, culture and identification are required for confirmation.

This disease should be distinguished from duck cholera and duck infectious serositis. Both duck cholera and this disease have small necrotic changes in the liver, but duck cholera has punctate hemorrhages in the coronary fat and myocardium of the heart, while this disease does not; duck cholera mostly occurs in ducks over 1 month old, while this disease usually occurs in ducks under 3 weeks old; duck cholera has more rapid onset and mortality. The main difference between infectious serositis and this disease is that the former does not have small punctate necrosis of the liver and enlargement and embolus of the cecum. [Prevention and Control] Comprehensive measures should be adopted for the prevention and control of this disease. First of all, environmental hygiene and disinfection should be done to prevent the bacteria from contaminating feed and drinking water; eggs laid by sick ducks cannot be kept for breeding, and the breeding eggs must be disinfected before hatching (formalin fumigation or soaking); ducklings should be raised separately from adult ducks; pay attention to reducing stress factors, preventing cold in winter and heatstroke in summer. Drugs can also be used for prevention and control, such as norfloxacin and doxycycline, which should be mixed with feed at 100 mg per kilogram of feed. You can also use gentamicin to inject 3000-5000 international units into each 20-day-old duckling intramuscularly for 3-5 days. However, it should be noted that the bacteria are very easy to develop drug resistance, so it is best to do a drug sensitivity test or change the medicine frequently when using it.