CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Does Ukraine sell more weapons to the Turks, or does Russia sell more?

Does Ukraine sell more weapons to the Turks, or does Russia sell more?

Weapons purchased by my country from the Soviet Union:

Kilo-class submarine

Su-27 fighter

Su-30 multi-role fighter

S300 air defense missile

S-400 air defense missile

Sovremenny-class destroyer

Su-35 fighter

Ka-28 anti-submarine helicopter

Ka-31 early warning helicopter

Il-76 transport aircraft

Il-78 tanker

European Bison air cushion landing ship

Mi-17 and Mi-171 helicopters

Tornado Rocket Launcher

Club missile (for Kilo class)

Lada class submarine

RD33 engine, used in FC-1, Flying Leopard

AL31NF engine, used in J-10

D30 turbofan engine, used in Y-20

Tor-M1 air defense missile

AA-10 air-to-air missile (for Su-27, Su-30)

AA-12 air-to-air missile (for Su-27, Su-30)

AK-176 naval gun (copied by my country and used as the main gun of the 054A-class frigate)

R-79B-300 engine drawings and technology (Russia uses it for the Yak-141 fighter, and the Chinese domestic version is called WS-15)

D30K engine (used in the early development of Il-76 and Y-20)

Weapons purchased by my country from Ukraine, a Soviet republic:

1. Second-hand Il-78 tanker

2. T10-K carrier-based prototype, which China used to develop the J-15.

3. AI-222-25 turbofan engine, used to equip the L-15 trainer aircraft (Trainer 10).

4. 6TD2E high-power engine, used in the MBT-2000 tank jointly developed by China and Pakistan.

5. UGT-25000 gas turbine, used in the construction of 052B and 052C destroyers.

6. Qinghai Lake supply ship.

7. Varyag aircraft carrier.

8. "Xuelong" icebreaker.

9. PL-12 air-to-air missile semi-active radar warhead

So, buy more weapons from Russia

What software do I use for 3D game special effects and character modeling? Where can I download it? Thank you.

1. To understand software beyond the software level, we must lead the software by the nose.

Regarding the question of what 3D modeling software there are, I will explain it in detail below. There are so many that your eyes will hurt. Don't worry about this question, stay calm. First of all, I need to talk about understanding the software beyond the software level and expanding our pattern to learn the software. Only by understanding the larger level can we better know how to learn the software. We should lead the software by the nose, rather than being led by the software. Knowing is not important, but being able to do it is important.

2. There are so many modeling software. Either don’t learn them, or learn the mainstream ones and leave the non-mainstream ones alone.

There are many 3D modeling softwares. It is meaningless to learn all of them. You will only suffer from the difficulty of making choices. If you learn the most popular and mainstream ones in society, you can mix well in the 3D modeling industry. As for other small and dispensable softwares, just go as far as you can. Regarding 3D modeling softwares, we mainly need to understand the softwares with the current mainstream application direction. The current mainstream application direction of 3D modeling is the next-generation game modeling. Only the popular ones have a future. Some unpopular ones that can only starve are not within the scope of our explanation. There is no other way, just this tune.

3. Don’t waste time looking for 3D modeling software video tutorials everywhere.

In fact, if you want to learn 3D modeling software, especially game modeling software, it is necessary to have a set of easy-to-understand, comprehensive and detailed video tutorials, which can help us avoid many detours in the learning process and improve learning efficiency. Why do many students who have just started to learn modeling want to give up at the beginning? Because they don’t know how to learn, or the video tutorials they learn are so profound that they start to doubt their lives. Many times, the modeling learning history of many of our friends ends before it even begins.

As a veteran who has been engaged in 3D game modeling for many years, I have collected and sorted out a lot of video tutorials in this area, and I will give free live classes on 3D game modeling every night. What I say is basically easy to understand and full of rustic humor. Friends who want to learn this technology can seriously learn and get resources. Go to my 3D modeling tutorial materials (skirt). The first set of numbers is: 296, the middle set of numbers is: 676, and the ending number is: 289. Just combine the above three sets of numbers in order. If you want to improve your strength, you have to communicate more. Only by constantly absorbing the advantages of others can you become strong.

4. It is not enough to just know one or two mainstream 3D software. Mixing and matching is popular these days.

Due to objective factors such as cost, technical accumulation, and work efficiency, it is difficult to say that a project can be completed with one or two softwares. As the number of projects you participate in increases, the coverage of the processes involved increases, and many things need to be used cross-wise. What about using Max to build rough models, ZBrush to carve high models, Maya to develop UVs, Max to skin bones, Maya to adjust actions, and various uses of lighting and material rendering... In addition, the technological revolution in the industry may subvert the previous processes.

Don't dwell on which software you should learn, if you have been working in this industry and are motivated. Those software, plug-ins, and scripting languages ​​will all be faced by you sooner or later. Most people may just learn the process, while others will delve into it because of their interests or work. CG, computer graphics. In the later stages of learning this, you even need to understand program algorithms, the art of procedural mapping, and script optimization. Some people say that every excellent CG artist is also half a programmer. Be motivated to be a real octagonal master~hahahaha~~.

5. Software is just a tool that must be mastered, but what is more important is to cultivate modeling skills.

Tools are just tools. Of course, tools are a necessary foundation. The most important thing for a 3D modeler is modeling ability. The original artist gives you a character or a scene. If you have a good foundation, you can quickly analyze the structure of the object in this picture, and then you can do it efficiently and with high quality. So how to train this ability? It's nothing more than the eight-character mantra: think more, practice more, ask more, and watch more.

(1) Think more and practice more:

Beginners should think more about why it is like this? How should I express it? Thinking is a good habit. Don't be lazy at this time, check more materials and references. Before practicing, spend more time looking for references and do it strictly. One day you will start to feel that the character you are making is not pleasing to the eye, so you feel that your knowledge reserve is not enough, and then start to learn about human body structure. Many people are asking whether drawing is a necessary skill. In fact, drawing and making 3D models complement each other. Modeling ability can also be cultivated by drawing, so many art students learn 3D modeling faster than those who have no art foundation when they first come into contact with it. However, friends without art foundation, as long as you are willing to work hard, you will learn it quickly.

The practice mentioned before refers to two parts. I hope that everyone can practice sketching more in addition to practicing 3D models. The purpose of these two trainings is to quickly grasp the shape. At the beginning, you should copy more and learn how others practice more when they are creating. It is easy to say that many people can't stick to it, and many people don't practice in the right direction. The 10,000-hour rule is absolutely feasible in this industry, but you must jump out of your comfort zone and practice more in areas you are not familiar with, so that you can improve faster. At the beginning of learning, you will be very anxious, because you may spend a lot of time to solve a small problem. At this time, you must show enthusiasm and perseverance to overcome this anxiety of jumping out of your comfort zone.

(2) Ask more questions:

I don't need to explain this. If you don't understand something, ask others for advice. Don't be shy. Join more CG-related communities to get twice the result with half the effort.

(3) Read more:

Go to the CG forum to see the works of masters and see how others deal with problems that you don't know how to solve. This is very helpful for beginners. In addition, I hope everyone can read more books on art history to cultivate aesthetics. Understanding history is very helpful for character creation. You must learn to tell stories with details.

6. After talking so much, let’s get back to the topic and talk about what software is used for game modeling?

(1) Maya software:

Maya is the world's top 3D animation software produced by Autodesk, USA. It is used in professional film and television advertisements, character animation, movie stunts, etc. Maya has complete functions, flexible work, easy to learn and use, high production efficiency, and strong rendering realism. It is a high-end production software at the movie level.

Maya game model production means: Maya game model makers create models of the game's environment, machinery, props, characters, animals, monsters, etc. based on the original drawings provided by the original artist. It is divided into Maya game character model production and Maya game scene model production.

Autodesk Maya is used by many animation and game companies, such as Disney, Square Enix, and Naughty Dog. It is said that compared to Max, Maya is a comprehensive software.

(2) 3dsmax software:

3ds Max is suitable for modeling and it is said that the modeling speed is very fast. Many foreign game companies use MAX. However, since Max and Maya are now owned by the same company, many functions are becoming more and more similar, and even the UI is slowly getting closer. So for the game industry, the key point of using Max or Maya is which one the company you want to work for uses.

3D Studio Max, often referred to as 3ds Max or MAX, is a 3D animation rendering and production software based on PC system developed by Discreet (later merged by Autodesk). Its predecessor was the 3D Studio series software based on DOS operating system. Before the emergence of Windows NT, industrial-grade CG production was monopolized by SGI graphics workstations. The emergence of 3D Studio Max + Windows NT combination suddenly lowered the threshold of CG production. It was first used in animation production in computer games, and then further involved in special effects production of movies and TV shows, such as X-Men II and The Last Samurai. After Discreet 3Ds max 7, it was officially renamed Autodesk 3ds Max.

(3) ZBrush software:

The most outstanding feature of Zbrush is its "unlimited" sculpting (it is actually limited, but how high it can go depends on the configuration of your computer). Compared with traditional modeling software, it can give full play to the imagination and creativity of users. Zbrush is quite powerful in terms of modeling alone, but since it is not related to animation or special effects, Zbrush is generally used for sculpting high-poly models. If you want to complete the entire process, you still have to use other 3D software. Many newcomers who want to enter the game industry make a big mistake, that is, they only know Zbrush but not the complete process. If you want to engage in 3D modeling, this is not advisable, unless your sculpting is really at the god level, then it is another matter.

It is a digital sculpting and painting software that has revolutionized the entire 3D industry with its powerful functions and intuitive workflow. In a simple interface, ZBrush provides the world's most advanced tools for contemporary digital artists. The combination of functions developed with practical ideas not only inspires the artist's creativity, but also creates a user experience that feels very smooth when operating. ZBrush can sculpt models with up to 1 billion polygons, so the limit depends only on the artist's own imagination.

(4) Headus UVLayout software:

It is a software specially used for UV removal. It feels very smooth and easy to use. Compared with MAYA, the biggest difference is that this one uses the shortcut keys to move your mouse directly, so when you edit, you slide your hand instead of clicking and pulling, so it is very wonderful to use! And its automatic UV spreading effect is very good. Although it is similar to MAYA's Relax, this one spreads the UV evenly and beautifully, and is very easy to use.

(5) BodyPaint 3D software:

It immediately became the best UV mapping software on the market as soon as it was launched, and the fact that many Hollywood production companies immediately adopted it fully proved this point. In the version of Cinema 4DR10, it was integrated into the core module of Cinema 4D.

(6) PS software:

That is Photoshop. Photoshop mainly processes digital images composed of pixels. Using its numerous editing and drawing tools, you can effectively edit pictures. PS has many functions, covering images, graphics, text, video, publishing and other aspects.

(7) Vray renderer software:

This is after modeling, drawing textures, and setting materials. Generally speaking, it doesn't have much intersection with the game industry. Unless you are rendering offline cinematic animation, real-time rendering games will not use V-Ray.

7. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the two major mainstream software: 3dsmax and maya?

MAX's advantages lie in models and plug-ins. It has a rich model library, fast modeling methods, excellent rendering plug-ins, and fast rendering speed. It can be widely used in game models, architectural tours, advertising renderings, etc. MAYA's advantages lie in animation and special effects. It is not much different from MAX in terms of models, but the modeling speed is slower. MAYA's animation module has significant advantages over MAX. At present, animated films and feature animations are all produced with MAYA, and the animations and special effects of science fiction films such as "Transformers" and "Spider-Man" are also produced with MAYA, so MAYA focuses on the production of animated films.

In fact, neither one is easy to use or powerful. The two have different positioning, so it is difficult to compare. MAX is positioned as a professional 3D software, and MAYA is positioned as a powerful 3D software. Different positioning makes it face different fields. In architecture and games, MAX is the mainstream, and in movies and animations, MAYA is used more than MAX. In fact, the boundaries between these fields are not obvious, so these questions arise about which one is better or which one is more powerful. In fact, those who do art only need a pencil. MAX and MAYA are not different in size or strength. They are both tools, just like a drawing board.

In my experience, I have been making games for many years, and I have always used MAX. Some of the people who come to the company use MAYA. I ask them what functions they need to use for modeling, and then tell them where the corresponding functions are in MAX, and they can get the hang of it quickly. For those who use MB to do actions, I also tell them the corresponding functions, and they can get the hang of it quickly. So when their functions are abstracted, MAX and MAYA are the same.

8. Explanation of specific cases on how to use the software. Only with logic can you be motivated to take action.

With the booming development of the domestic game market, the industry's demand for game scene modeling is constantly increasing. Generally speaking, all inanimate objects are modeled by game scene model makers. For example, mountains, rivers, city buildings, plants, etc. in the game are all within the scope of the game scene. Here, the editor has compiled some commonly used software for game scene modelers, mainly to provide some valuable software references for novice modelers.

1. Selection of game scene modeling software

Modeling software: 3DS Max, Maya, C4D

Available in: 3DS Max.

The most basic one is of course the modeling software. The three commonly used modeling software are 3DS Max, Maya, and C4D. However, since Maya and C4D software focus more on film, animation, and special effects, we recommend that you use 3DS Max to model game scene models. Autodesk 3dsMax is a large-scale tool software launched by Autodesk, which is more suitable for games, architectural design, interior design, industrial design and other fields.

2. Essential UV software for game scene modelers

UV development software: Modeling software comes with UV system, UVLayout, and Unfold3D.

Available: UVLayout.

After modeling, you need to unfold the UV. The UV system that comes with the software is usually comprehensive but not very convenient to use. You can use UVLayout.

UVLayout has several obvious advantages over Unfold3D:

a: You can mirror selected edges. This is especially useful for complex organisms. It saves almost half the time. And the amazing thing is that its mirroring is also posture symmetrical! In other words, as long as it is symmetrical, it will work even if your model is in a very weird posture. This is the same as Zbrush. Unfold3D does not have this biggest advantage.

b. While highly intelligently unfolding, it has several different algorithms, each with its own advantages. However, unfold3d only has one.

c. Provides all basic traditional UV unfolding operations, such as push and pull points, local scaling of UV blocks, local relax, etc. Unfold3d does not have these. All its operations are automatic. It also cannot adjust the size of UV blocks, which is fatal to the collaboration with Zbrush, because the UV quadrant of Zbrush is smaller than that of general software (Zbrush is a weird software)

d. You can render UV directly. No need to go back to Max. In this way, Max's uvunwarp function can be completely useless. ZB+UVLayout+PS can complete all the work before rendering. Max is just a renderer.

3. Texture drawing software

Drawing and texturing software: Adobe Photoshop, SubstancePainter, 3DCoat, BodyPaint, Mary

Recommended software: These softwares each have their own advantages, so I will not recommend any one. You can choose according to your needs.

1. Adobe Photoshop, referred to as "PS", is an image processing software developed and released by Adobe Systems. Although PS is a powerful tool for graphic design and drawing, it also has its shortcomings for game design, that is, it cannot draw textures on three-dimensional models.

2. Substance Painter is currently the most widely used PBR material production software. It ends the tedious and hardware-consuming process of traditional Photoshop drawing, max or maya viewing the effect, and finally viewing it in the engine. It can be simply said that the map is drawn directly in the engine, and what is drawn is what is obtained.

3.3DCoat is a software designed for game artists. It focuses on the detailed design of game models and integrates real-time texture drawing and detailed carving functions of 3D models, which can accelerate detailed design. I saw tutorials on mapping made by software such as PS, BodyPaint, SubstancePainter, and 3DCoat on the teaching website of Miaomiaoxue.

4.BodyPaint is a separate module of CINEMA4D's drawing function, and is a powerful tool for drawing textures for online game models. Zbrush draws vertex colors and converts them into textures. Mudbox is Autodesk's sculpting software. In addition to Zbrush, Mudbox is also a good choice. It is better than Zbrush in drawing textures, and it also adds layers.

5.Mary is a 3D model drawing and texturing software created for the film Avatar.

These softwares are enough for modeling game scenes. They cover the entire process from modeling, UV unwrapping to texture drawing. I can only help you here. You will need to show your skills in the future. If you have better software recommendations, you are welcome to make corrections.

You can first go to the Huixueba website to find the [free] video tutorials in the "3D Modeling" section - [click to enter] a complete list of video tutorials from entry to mastery: www.huixueba.net/web/AppWebClient/AllCourseAndResourcePage?type=1&tagid=307&zdhhr-10y22r-

If you want to learn systematically, you can consider taking an online live course. I recommend CGWANG's online course. The teacher explains in detail, and you can watch it back after the class. There are also recorded courses of the same type that you can learn for free (with a lifetime VIP).

If your self-control ability is relatively weak, it is recommended that you go to a better training institution, a large institution that ranks among the top in the country in terms of strength and scale. I recommend the industry leader: Wang's Education.

Wang's Education's nationwide direct-operated school face-to-face course trial [copy the following link and open it in the browser]: www.huixueba.com.cn/school/3dmodel?type=2&zdhhr-10y22r-

Among the training institutions in the field of "3D modeling", Wang's Education is the leader in China, and it has no franchised branches, but chain campuses directly operated by the headquarters. Unlike many other large institutions of the same type, each campus of Wang's Education is a physical face-to-face teaching, where teachers teach students step by step, and there are special class teachers who supervise students from morning to night. The hard-working learning model will improve students quickly, which is especially suitable for students with poor foundation.

You can download the Huixueba APP to your mobile phone first, which is convenient for studying in fragmented time. Download Huixueba APP: www.huixueba.com.cn/Scripts/download.html

There are 3 common types.........MAYA..........C4D...........3DMAX

MAYA supports PYTHON...C4D supports PYTHON and JAVASCRIPT

These two software can be used for game art design....and can also communicate with 3D game engines...

3DMAX does not support general scripting languages...so you can only do game art, not game development

C4D and 3DMAX are relatively easy to learn.....MAYA is very difficult to learn.........

1. MAYA Difficulty: Difficult Function: Powerful Efficiency: Average

The most commonly used 3D software in the United States...Hollywood regular...Mainly used in the CG industry in China

Representative works: movies "Star Wars", "Ice Age", "Rio", etc....games "The Sims", "FIFA", "Need for Speed" and other EA games

2. CINEMA 4D (C4D) Difficulty: Easy Function: Powerful Efficiency: High

The most commonly used 3D software in Europe, Japan and South Korea.....It is mainly used in the film and television post-production industry in China

Representative works: Movies such as Avatar, 2012, Tsui Hark's Detective Dee series, etc. Games such as Final Fantasy, The Legend of Zelda, and other games from Japanese companies such as Sony, Nintendo, and EA, as well as Korean online games such as Blade & Soul

3. 3DMAX Difficulty: Easy Function: General Efficiency: High

The most commonly used 3D software in China....mainly used in the real estate industry....used to produce architectural renderings

Representative works: movie "Red Cliff".....game "Onimusha" and "Chinese Paladin", etc.

3DMAX, generally there is a download address on the Internet