CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What is the culture of planting rice, raising silkworms and reeling silk? (What is the cultural connotation of planting rice, raising silkworms and reeling silk?)

1. What is the culture of sericulture and silk reeling?

"Sericulture and silk reeling" is the "Silk Road".

2. Summary of knowledge points of the Outline of Chinese and Foreign History?

1. Basic characteristics of early human distribution in China: scattered and colorful, concentrated in the Yellow River and Yangtze River basins

2. Characteristics of the Paleolithic Age: ① Engaged in gathering and hunting ② Learned to use fire ③ Lived in groups ④ Bone tools appeared

3. Characteristics of the Neolithic Age: ① Use of polished stone tools ② Use of pottery ③ Engagement in primitive agriculture ④ Engagement in animal husbandry ⑤ Construction of villages ⑥ Beginning of settled life

4. Representatives of the Neolithic Age: ① Early Yellow River Basin: Yangshao Culture, Dawenkou Culture; Late: Longshan Culture (painted pottery, millet) ② Early Yangtze River Basin: Hemudu Culture; Late: Liangzhu Culture (rice, sericulture, silk reeling, exquisite jade) ③ Liaohe River Basin: Hongshan Culture (exquisite jade)

5. Xia Dynasty: about 2070 BC, the earliest slave state in my country. ① The hereditary system replaced the abdication system, and the "public world" became a "family world". The King of Xia was the supreme ruler. ② Central institutions: There were institutions and officials in charge of administration, military, justice and religion. ③ Local officials: living together in clans, the King of Xia directly ruled the tribe of the Xiahou clan, and other tribes were ruled indirectly.

6. Shang Dynasty: In 1600 BC, the Shang king was the supreme ruler, under whom there were Yin and various officials. The state management structure of the Shang Dynasty was the internal and external service system.

7. Western Zhou Dynasty: 1046 BC (1) Enfeoffment system: ① Purpose: "Enfeoff relatives to protect the Zhou Dynasty" ② Target: Relatives with the same surname are the main body, and princes with different surnames ② Effect: The sphere of influence of the Zhou people continued to expand; the Zhou king established the status of the common lord of the world, formed a pyramid-shaped hierarchical structure of "emperor-princes-ministers-scholars", and strengthened the Zhou emperor's political rule over the local areas.

(2) Patriarchal system: It complemented the feudal system and resolved conflicts and contradictions within the ruling class in the distribution of power and property. It was a system that determined inheritance relations and status based on blood relationship and the distinction between legitimate and illegitimate children. Its core was the implementation of the primogeniture system.

(3) Land system: The slave owners’ land was nationalized and could not be bought and sold at will. The well-field system was the way of managing land.

8. Characteristics of the early political system in ancient China: ① Combination of divine power and royal power ② Combination of patriarchal bloodline and political system ③ The highest administrative group has not yet achieved a high degree of concentration of power.

9. Characteristics of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period: ①Politics: the royal family declined, the clan system of feudal fiefdom was seriously damaged (rituals and music were broken) ②Economy: iron plows and oxen plowing ③Thoughts: a hundred schools of thought ④National: from division to unification

3. What are the specific manifestations of the diversity and unity of Chinese civilization?

1. From its origin, Chinese civilization is obviously characterized by diversity or multi-source. The ancient inhabitants of China were scattered in all directions, adapted to the different natural environments of each region, and created their own unique history and culture. The main manifestations are: in the Paleolithic Age, the Yuanmou people in the Yangtze River Basin and the Peking Man in the Yellow River Basin have clearly shown that the origin of Chinese civilization has multiple centers. There are human sites distributed in the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and even other major river basins in China. Entering the Neolithic Age, different regions formed different types of cultural characteristics. For example, the Yangshao culture in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River is mainly characterized by painted pottery and millet planting, the Hemudu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is characterized by rice planting and sericulture and silk reeling, and the Hongshan culture in the upper reaches of the Liaohe River in the north and the Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are also unique.

2. The trend of unity, that is, the trend of integration from diversity to unity, is another characteristic of the origin and development of Chinese civilization. This integration is most typical in the Yellow River Basin. For example, in the late Neolithic Age, the Dawenkou Culture and the Yangshao Culture were replaced by the Longshan Culture. On the basis of this exchange and integration, large tribes such as Huangdi and Yandi emerged, and the two major tribes of Huang and Yan further combined to form the Yanhuang Tribal Alliance. After several evolutions, the Xia Dynasty, the earliest slave state in my country, was established around 2070 BC. Since then, the trend of unification of the various ethnic groups in China has become more obvious and the Chinese identity has emerged.

4. Among the four great inventions of Chinese agriculture, which ones were domesticated by our ancestors?

1. Rice - the world's largest crop:

Rice is one of the most important food crops in ancient my country. China is one of the origins of rice in Asia. Among all the crops discovered by archaeology, rice remains are the most numerous. There are only rice remains from the Neolithic Age.

2. Sericulture and silk reeling - "Motherland of Silk":

China is the first country in the world to invent sericulture and silk reeling. According to archaeological data, 5,000 years ago, the primitive inhabitants of China had already mastered the technology of sericulture and silk reeling. In the history of cultural exchange, silk played an initial and extremely important role. It was through the colorful silk that Westerners got to know the ancient civilization of the East - China.

3. Tea - "the panacea for longevity":

Tea is the national drink of the Chinese nation and has now become one of the three most popular beverages in the world. China is the origin of tea trees, which first appeared in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Xishuangbanna in southwest my country. In Er Ya, written around 200 BC, it was mentioned that there were wild large tea trees and "tea tree masters".

4. Tea oil - "the king of oils":

Camellia oil is also known as "tea oil" or "tea seed oil". The tree is called "oil tea tree" or "camellia tree". Camellia oil has a history of consumption in China for thousands of years. The ancient Chinese book "Classic of Mountains and Seas" from the pre-Qin period records that "Yuanmu is an oily food in the south". Yuanmu refers to the oil tea tree. Camellia oil is directly squeezed from the fruit of the oil tea tree.

5. What are the characteristics of sericulture culture?

Sericulture, i.e. raising silkworms and planting mulberry trees, was an important pillar of ancient agriculture and was said to have been invented by Leizu (Huangdi's wife).

Sericulture is the original culture of Han culture, and together with rice field culture, it marks the maturity of East Asian agricultural civilization. The main culture of Han culture, silk culture and porcelain culture, marks the heyday of Central Plains civilization.

Silk is the basic raw material of silk. Silk culture is actually the highly developed and mature stage of sericulture culture. Mulberry planting is specifically for silkworm breeding, and silkworm breeding is specifically for silk production. In Chinese, there are many concepts to describe silk, such as damask, gauze, silk, satin, silk, brocade, embroidery, and brocade, which shows the high development of silk culture.

The development of sericulture made the textile industry of the Central Plains civilization thousands of years ahead of the world, forming the Chinese clothing custom of tall hats, wide belts, and wide sleeves. It also played an important role in promoting the invention of soft brushes (brush), embroidery, and paper.

There are many descriptions of silkworm rearing and mulberry planting in ancient Chinese poetry classics, from which we can see the people's dependence on the sericulture economy and the influence of sericulture agriculture on the Central Plains culture and East Asian culture.

6. What are the characteristics of sericulture culture?

Sericulture is the main culture of Han culture, and together with rice field culture, it marks the maturity of East Asian agricultural civilization. The main culture of Han culture, silk culture and porcelain culture, marks the heyday of Central Plains civilization. Silk is the basic raw material of silk, and silk culture is actually the highly developed and mature stage of sericulture culture.

7. What is the historical and cultural significance of silkworm rearing and silk reeling in my country?

The oracle bone inscriptions of the Yin Dynasty include not only words such as silkworm, mulberry, silk, and silk, but also some complete oracle inscriptions related to silk production.

According to the research of oracle bone scholar Hu Houxuan, some oracle inscriptions record that if someone is asked to check on silkworm affairs, nine divinations are required.

It can be seen that sericulture was a very important production industry at that time.

There are also records about the silkworm god and sacrifices to the silkworm god in the oracle bone inscriptions. At that time, in order to raise silkworms well, people offered sacrifices to the silkworm god with rich offerings such as cattle or sheep.

Archaeologists have discovered lifelike jade silkworms in Yin tombs more than once. For example, jade silkworms from the Shang Dynasty were unearthed in the Anyang Tomb in Henan and the Subutun Tomb in Shandong.

Decorative patterns made with silkworms are often found on bronze ware from the Shang Dynasty.

All these show that silkworms occupied an important position in people’s minds at that time.

By the Zhou Dynasty, mulberry planting and silkworm breeding had flourished in vast areas of my country from north to south.

Silk had become the main material for clothing of the ruling class at that time.

Sericulture and silk weaving were the main production activities of women, and mulberry trees were planted on a large scale in the Zhou Dynasty.

In the "Guan Zi Shan Quan Shu Pian" of the Warring States Period, it is said: "For those who are good at sericulture and keep their silkworms free from disease, they should be given one catty of gold and eight stone of food. Their words should be carefully listened to and stored in the government, so that they will not be involved in military affairs.

"This means that if there are people among the masses who are proficient in sericulture technology and can raise silkworms well and prevent them from getting sick, they will be invited to share their experience and be rewarded with gold and exemption from military service.

There are many books in ancient China that record the techniques of mulberry planting and silkworm breeding.

The Han Dynasty once mentioned that ancient my country had "The Law of Silkworms", "The Book of Silkworms", and "Planting Trees and Storing Fruits with Silkworms", etc.

Unfortunately, these ancient books have been lost.

However, since the Han Dynasty, over the past two thousand years, many ancient books on sericulture have been left behind, such as "The Book of Si Sheng", "Essential Techniques for the People of Qi", "Qin Guan's Book of Silkworms", "Bin Feng Guangyi", "Guang Cansang Shuo", "Cansang Ji Yao", "Ye Canlu", "Chu Jian Pu", etc., some of which are dedicated to sericulture, while others talk about sericulture.

These books record the rich experience of the working people of our country in planting mulberry trees and raising silkworms.

To develop sericulture, it is necessary to breed mulberry trees and develop mulberry orchards.

As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, people used scattering to propagate mulberry trees.

At the latest by the Northern and Southern Dynasties in the 5th century AD, layering had been used in mulberry tree propagation.

This method is described in "Qimin Yaoyao".

The layering method uses mulberry branches to propagate new mulberry trees, which shortens the growth time a lot compared to sowing seeds.

Since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, silkworm farmers in southern my country have invented mulberry tree grafting technology, which is an advanced mulberry planting technology. It can rejuvenate old mulberry trees, preserve the fine traits of mulberry trees, accelerate the reproduction of mulberry seedlings, and cultivate fine varieties.

They are all of great significance and still play a significant role in production.

Since the Ming Dynasty, people have had a certain understanding of certain infectious silkworm diseases, such as pus disease, softening disease and stiffness disease, and they know how to take elimination or isolation measures to prevent the spread of silkworm diseases.

In the works of the Ming and Qing dynasties, there are more records about fly maggot disease and fly prevention.

Additional information:

Summer and autumn silkworm breeding should pay attention to

1. Prevent pesticide poisoning.

During the silkworm-raising season, do not spray organic pesticides such as insecticides in the silkworm room and farmland near mulberry fields, as the odor will cause poisoning to the silkworms; mulberry leaves should be tested and confirmed to be non-toxic before feeding them to the silkworms.

2. Mosquito-repellent coils or mosquito repellents or insecticides are not allowed in the silkworm room.

If used in a house adjacent to a silkworm room, the doors and windows of the room should also be closed to prevent the silkworms from being poisoned.

3. Screen doors and windows should be installed in the silkworm room to prevent flies from entering the room and harming the silkworms, and "silkworm fly killing" emulsion should be added or sprayed on the silkworm bodies to kill the maggots.

4. Before raising silkworms, rat holes must be blocked, a certain distance must be maintained between the silkworm racks and the walls, and lime powder or silkworm medicine must be sprinkled around the feet of the silkworm racks to prevent rats from climbing up.

When raising silkworms, it is necessary to use drugs to kill rats.

5. The temperature is high in summer and autumn when raising silkworms, so you should open doors and windows to increase indoor ventilation.

Spraying mulberry leaves with clean water and using an electric fan to blow a breeze indoors can also help cool down the room.

6. If sick silkworms are found, they should be cleaned up in time and placed in a disinfection basin filled with bleach solution or lime slurry. It is forbidden to feed sick silkworms to livestock and poultry to prevent the spread of pathogens and pollute the environment.

7. Silkworm feces contain a large amount of pathogens. Do not spread them out to dry around the silkworm room. Instead, compost them in a pile outdoors or in a manure pit to prevent the spread of pathogens.

8. The temperature in summer and autumn is high and pathogens reproduce quickly. Pay attention to picking leaves as needed, transporting leaves in a timely manner, and storing leaves properly.

The mulberry storage pond should be disinfected once at each age, and do not feed mulberry leaves overnight.

9. Avoid feeding wet leaves in hot and humid weather. Do not water the stored mulberry leaves. Remove sand frequently and sprinkle more fresh lime powder, dry straw and other materials to inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens.

10. When it is not the silkworm-raising season, do not store grains, bran and other items in the silkworm room to avoid moisture and the generation of mites, which will harm the silkworms during breeding.