CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Asparagus cultivation method (Asparagus cultivation method and precautions)

1. How to grow asparagus?

1. Soak the seeds

Asparagus has a hard shell, so you must soak the seeds first to germinate. Generally, it takes 7 to 15 days to germinate. Those who grow it must be patient and change the water every day. The higher the temperature, the faster it will germinate. When I germinated this summer, it took only 3 days for the small white tip to appear. So if the asparagus seeds you soaked germinate slowly, you can see if it is because the temperature is not reached.

2. Seedling cultivation

After the asparagus seeds sprout, they should be grown in seedling bowls or paper cups. The soil for the seedlings can be either professional seedling soil or fine sandy soil. Water the soil thoroughly once, and then sow the seeds. Generally, the seedlings will sprout in about 5 days. At this time, they should be taken to the sun immediately after they sprout to prevent the formation of tall seedlings.

Many friends say that asparagus seedlings look very similar to fennel seedlings. Yes, they do look similar, but just because they look similar when they are young does not necessarily mean they will look similar when they grow up. When they grow up, they are very different.

3. Transplantation

Asparagus can be transplanted when it grows to about 10 cm. Because asparagus needs to grow for more than ten years, more organic fertilizer should be applied before transplanting. The method we recommend is to dig deep trenches first, apply fermented organic fertilizer, cover with soil, and then transplant on top of the soil to ensure that the seedlings are not burned in the early stage.

Asparagus can also be planted in pots, but you must choose large and deep pots. Some friends plant it in foam boxes and choose larger foam boxes.

4. Management

Management after transplanting is much simpler, basically just weeding and watering. The shoots of asparagus that grow in the first year are very thin, and the yield in the second year is also relatively low and thin. At this time, the main focus is on root care. Do not pick the first few asparagus that emerge, and wait until the fourth one to start picking. Wait until the third year to enter the high-yield period, and you can pick asparagus continuously after that.

If you are in the north, after entering winter, asparagus is dormant, the plants are old and yellow, you should cut them off and apply more fermented organic fertilizer to let the roots accumulate nutrients, so that the asparagus will be more abundant and strong in the spring of next year.

2. How to grow asparagus?

Step/Method 1

Land preparation and fertilization

In order to make the asparagus seedlings grow healthily and have good root development, 30,000 kg of decomposed manure should be applied per hectare of land and plowed into the soil. To prevent damage by underground pests, 15 kg of chlorpyrifos should be spread per hectare when preparing the land and mixed in the soil. Then, 1.5-meter-wide high ridges should be built and drainage ditches should be dug to facilitate drainage and irrigation.

Step/Method 2

Seed treatment

After soaking the new asparagus seeds, place them at a low temperature of 0-5℃ for 60 days, or pile the seeds with moist yellow sand in the open field to overwinter, so as to complete the dormancy period, revitalize the seeds inside, and germinate better.

Step/Method 3

Planting seeds in the soil

Asparagus is usually grown by direct seeding in the open field. The row spacing for large seedlings is 40-45 cm, the hole spacing is 10 cm, 2 seeds are sown in each hole, and the seed spacing is 3 cm. The sowing amount per hectare of nursery is about 3750 grams. After sowing, cover with 1-3 cm of soil and slightly press down.

Step/Method 4

Post-management

Pay attention to the water supply of asparagus from sowing to germination to prevent drought. It will take about one week for the seedlings to spread their leaves. When there are two seedlings in each hole, one should be pulled out, and the holes with missing seeds should be replanted with the seedlings pulled out, or with pre-prepared seedlings.

3. How to grow asparagus?

Step/Method 1

Site selection and land preparation

When planting asparagus, you should choose a plot with high terrain, convenient drainage, irrigation and sufficient sunlight. After choosing a plot, apply enough base fertilizer, use well-rotted farmyard manure, and apply 6,000 kilograms of farmyard manure per mu of land. Then plow the land again, making sure the land is soft and fertile. Finally, ridges should be made, with a width of 1.2-1.4 meters.

Step/Method 2

Planting seeds in the soil

Asparagus seeds must be selected with strong disease resistance and high quality. After selection, soak them in warm water for a period of time, take them out and put them on wet towels to germinate. During the germination period, spray water frequently to promote the seeds to germinate as soon as possible. After germination, the seeds can be evenly spread on the soil surface, covered with a thin layer of soil, and covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. If the environment is suitable, seedlings will grow soon.

Step/Method 3

Timely planting

When the asparagus seedlings grow to 30 cm in height, they can be planted. First, dig a hole 30 cm deep and 30-40 cm wide, then place the asparagus seedlings in the hole, one asparagus seedling in each hole, and plant them at a spacing of 30-40 cm. Cover the soil in time after planting and irrigate thoroughly. Provide a warm and well-ventilated environment in the later stage, and the asparagus seedlings will soon resume growth.

Step/Method 4

Field management

Asparagus seedlings consume a lot of nutrients during their growth. In order to promote their vigorous growth, they need to be fertilized in time to ensure sufficient nutrients. If the soil is dry, water it in time and remove weeds regularly. In addition, pay attention to the prevention and control of diseases and pests when the temperature is high, and spray medicine in time.

4. How to plant and manage asparagus?

Planting method

1. Cultivate strong seedlings

To achieve high yield of asparagus, in addition to selecting excellent varieties, it is also necessary to establish a nursery for seedling cultivation. The most suitable time for establishing a nursery is June, and the seedling cultivation time is about 3 months. Sow seeds in the ridges, with a row spacing of 16.5 cm × 16.5 cm. The most suitable seedlings for transplanting are medium-sized seedlings with 10-20 roots.

2. Land preparation and transplantation

Asparagus likes to grow in moist sandy loam. Before transplanting, the soil should be plowed and loosened several times to remove impurities in the soil. After it is fully sun-dried (about 1-2 months), 4,000-5,000 kg of decomposed farm manure or 100-150 kg of cake fertilizer per mu should be applied, plus 150 kg of superphosphate and 30 kg of potassium chloride. The manure should be spread and then plowed. The cake fertilizer should be decomposed with water for 8-10 days and then mixed with superphosphate and potassium chloride. It should be applied in a 30-40 cm deep ditch, covered with soil, and then planted.

3. Reasonable density planting

The best time to plant seedlings is from August to September in autumn. The shoots are harvested in March to April of the following year. The time is short and the survival rate is high. The spacing between rows and plants is 25 cm × 160 cm. When planting, the roots are straightened and divided into two halves, fixed in the planting trenches, with the scale buds facing the center line of the ridge, and then covered with 5-6 cm of soil, compacted and watered enough to fix the roots.

4. Strengthen fertilizer and water management

1. Seedling stage: After planting, if furrow irrigation is used, water can be applied every 20-25 days. At the same time, drainage ditches should be opened to ensure that the ground is dry after the rain stops. Apply the first fertilizer 20 days after planting, and use 5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu and 1000 kg of water for hole application or furrow application. 40-60 days after planting, fertilize once every 25-30 days, and apply 25-50 kg of compound fertilizer or 10-20 kg of urea plus 6-12.5 kg of potassium chloride per mu. From 4 months after planting to before bamboo shoots are harvested, fertilize once every 25 days or so, and use 20 kg of urea and 12.5 kg of potassium chloride per mu for furrow application. Water should be applied after fertilization.

2. Harvest period: Fertilize every 15-20 days during the harvest period, with 20 kg of urea and 12.5 kg of potassium chloride applied per mu each time. At the same time, pay attention to opening the four-side ditches and the ditches in the field, drain the water on rainy days, and irrigate on sunny days.

5. Determine the mother stem

About 5-6 months after planting, when the seedlings produce the last batch of stems and the stems are 0.8-1 cm thick, the mother stems can be selected. Generally, 2-3 mature and pest-free strong mother stems are selected for each stalk, and then the excess, small or too thick stems are pulled out. Before the mother stems are determined, 30 kg of urea and 15 kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu of furrows. After the mother stems are selected, the ridges should be prepared and the soil should be piled up immediately to form 30-40 cm high ridges.

6. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

Common diseases of asparagus include stem blight and anthracnose. To prevent and control stem blight, spray 600 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 500 times of 40% carbendazim. Spray once every 10-15 days during the seedling and seedling stage, and once every 5-7 days during the mother stem selection period. To prevent and control anthracnose, spray 500 times of 70% mancozeb, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder, or 800 times of 80% anthracnose fumei wettable powder. Spray once every 10 days, 2-3 times in a row, but spraying is strictly prohibited 7 days before picking bamboo shoots. Common pests include cutworms and caterpillars. When the caterpillars are 1-2 years old, they can be sprayed with 1000 times of Anlubao. Older larvae of caterpillars and cutworms can be killed manually.

5. Cultivation of Asparagus?

1. Cultivation time

Asparagus can be cultivated from March to April every year. The temperature at this time is relatively low, which can stimulate seed germination and increase the germination rate. After March to April, the temperature gradually rises, which is conducive to the growth of asparagus and makes it grow and mature as soon as possible.

2. Cultivation methods

When cultivating asparagus, soak the seeds in warm water, wrap them in wet cloth to germinate, then sow the germinated seeds in loose fields and cover them with a layer of plastic film. After the asparagus seedlings grow out, lift the plastic film and wait until the seedlings grow to 30 cm before transplanting and planting.

3. Field management

During the asparagus cultivation process, water should be irrigated every half a month during the harvesting period to keep the soil moisture content at around 18%. Avoid heavy watering to prevent the asparagus from bursting. After the harvesting period, apply fertilizers such as urea and potassium chloride to supplement nutrients for the plants.

6. What are the asparagus cultivation methods and precautions?

1. Growth environment

(1) Temperature: Asparagus is very adaptable to temperature. It is both cold-resistant and heat-resistant. When the ground temperature rises above 5℃ in spring, asparagus bulbs begin to sprout; above 10℃, tender stems begin to elongate; 15-17℃ is the most suitable temperature for asparagus sprouts to form; above 30℃, plant growth is blocked and the plant enters summer dormancy. In northern regions, the aboveground part withers in winter, and the underground rhizomes and fleshy roots enter a dormant period to hibernate, while in southern regions, asparagus has no obvious winter dormancy period.

(2) Water: Asparagus has a well-developed root system and is relatively drought-resistant, but it is very intolerant of waterlogging. Waterlogging in the field can easily cause root rot. Therefore, the land for planting asparagus should be high, and the field should be drained in time during the rainy season.

(3) Soil: Sandy loam is the most suitable soil for the growth of asparagus. The soil must be loose, retain fertilizer and water, and have good air permeability. It should be noted that the salt content of the soil should not be higher than 0.2%, which will affect the development of the plant, making the stems and leaves thin and weak, and gradually withering. Asparagus is also highly adaptable to soil pH and can be cultivated in soils with a pH of 5.5-7.8.

2. Seed selection and seedling cultivation

Common asparagus varieties include Grande, Dabaoli, and Lu Asparagus No. 2. Vegetable farmers can choose suitable asparagus seeds according to the local market. Asparagus is mostly sown in spring, but can also be sown in autumn. Spring sowing can be sown in February, transplanted in April, and harvested in the spring of the following year; autumn sowing can be sown in September, transplanted in November, and harvested in the autumn of the following year.

(1) Germination and sowing: Asparagus seeds have thick shells and absorb water slowly, they need to be soaked before germination. Soak the seeds in 50% carbendazim 300-500 times diluted solution for 24 hours, then soak them in 25-30℃ warm water for 2-3 days, and replace the water 2-3 times a day. Wrap the soaked seeds with clean gauze and place them at 25-30℃ for germination. During the germination period, irrigate them with warm water at about 25℃ 1-2 times a day. When 80% of the seeds are white, they can be sown and seedlings can be raised.

(2) Seedling cultivation: Generally, seedlings are grown in nutrient pots. A nutrient pot with a diameter of 10 cm can be used. Take garden soil and organic fertilizer in a ratio of 2:1, then crush, sieve, and mix well to form nutrient soil, and cover it with a film and leave it for 7 days. When sowing, first put the nutrient soil in the pot and water it once, then poke a small hole in the center of the soil, sprinkle the germinated seeds into the hole, and finally fill the hole with nutrient soil.

During the seedling raising period, the temperature of the nutrient pot should be kept at around 25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. Urea fertilizer should be applied once on the 20th and 40th days after the seedlings emerge, but water accumulation in the seedbed should be avoided. When the seedlings are 60-70 days old and have 3-5 stems, they can be planted.

3. Transplanting and planting

(1) Land preparation: Asparagus is drought-tolerant but not waterlogged, and one crop can be harvested for about 10 years. Therefore, the land should be high and easy to drain, and the soil should be fertile and breathable. Generally, 1-2 tons of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu, and the fertilizer is turned into the soil with deep plowing. The land is leveled after plowing. Then, dig planting trenches in a north-south direction with a row spacing of 1.5 meters and a depth of 30 cm. When transplanting, apply 30 kg of 45% triple compound fertilizer and 65 kg of cake fertilizer per mu in the planting trench, then fill and cover with soil, keeping the planting trench 10 cm deep.

(2) Planting: It is advisable to plant one asparagus seedling every 25-30 cm, and generally plant 1500-2000 holes per mu. We recommend that one strong seedling be transplanted with soil into each hole, and two weak seedlings be planted into each hole, and that strong and weak seedlings be planted in separate plots. Cover the soil with a small hoe, then gently compact it, and then water each plant with an appropriate amount of planting water to increase the survival rate of the seedlings.

4. Field management

(1) Weeding and intercropping.

During the growing season, weeds are easy to breed in the field, so it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time. After each weeding, add 1-2 cm of soil and gradually increase the height of the soil to about 10 cm. You can use 60-70 grams of herbicides such as diuron and benzylpyridinium per mu, add 40-50 kg of water and spray towards the weeds.

At the same time, because the plants are relatively short in the first year, the open space can be used to intercrop short crops, such as soybeans, onions, garlic, etc., but it is not suitable to plant tall crops with strong water and fertilizer absorption ability, such as radishes.

(2) Apply water and fertilizer.

① Fertilizer for slowing down the growth of seedlings: Water the asparagus with diluted manure once every 7-10 days after planting to activate the roots and slow down the growth of seedlings.

② Growth-promoting fertilizer: Fertilizer should be applied frequently in the early stage of planting, usually once after each soil loosening and weeding and before new stems grow, preferably with decomposed light manure water, or 5 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. As the seedlings grow, more fertilizers with high potassium content such as plant ash and burnt mud ash need to be applied, and the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased to promote the plant to be strong and the root plate to expand.

③Autumn fertilizer: After the fall, it is necessary to apply autumn fertilizer once. Generally, 250-500 kg of organic biological fertilizer or 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu. Fertilization should be stopped in late October.

(3) Prevent and control diseases and insect pests.

① Stem blight. The main symptoms are: the edge of the lesion is reddish brown, the middle is slightly sunken and grayish brown, and there are dense needle-like black dots on it. Prevention and control methods: Use 300-400 times diluted 50% carbendazim or 400-500 times diluted 75% thiophanate-methyl to spray the main stem of asparagus above 80 cm on the ground once every 7-10 days on a sunny day, and spray 2-3 times in a row.

② Root rot. The main manifestations are: purple hyphae bundles on the root surface, the invasion of the pathogen is in the form of dots, and the roots are gradually surrounded by hyphae. Prevention and control methods: Spray 1000 times of 45% mancozeb on the diseased roots, or 400 times of 50% sulfur suspension, 500 times of 80% mancozeb, and irrigate the roots.

③ Pests. Pests mainly include underground pests such as the armyworm, beet armyworm, white grubs, and cutworms. For armyworms, 1,000 times dilution of dichlorvos can be used to control them. Larvae of underground pests can be killed by mixing 30 times dilution of 90% trichlorfon with wheat bran or bean cake and spreading it in the field as poison bait, or by spraying 800 times dilution of 80% dichlorvos emulsion when fertilizing. Insecticide lamps can be hung to lure and kill adults in the adult stage.

(4)Safe wintering.

① Clean the field. Thoroughly clean the asparagus field to remove withered stems and fallen leaves, which will help prevent the occurrence of diseases. Pull out the asparagus with completely withered stems and leaves above ground, and then remove them from the field together with the dead branches and leaves.

② Disinfection of the plot. In order to prevent and control the remaining pests and diseases in the plot, it is necessary to disinfect it. You can spray 300-500 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 120-200 times of agricultural antibiotic solution for disinfection and root irrigation.

5. Harvesting precautions

When the asparagus stems grow to about 20 cm and the tips are loose, they can be harvested. However, it should be noted that the harvest of young shoots of adult plants can last for about 40 days in spring, but the harvest period should be shortened appropriately in the second year of planting.

When harvesting, select about 3 strong young stems that are evenly distributed, free of pests and diseases, and harvest all the other young shoots. Stop harvesting around mid-August, clear the plants and replace the heads, and retain the autumn mother stems again. After enough autumn stems are retained, continue to harvest young shoots according to their growth. The number of mother stems to be retained should be appropriately adjusted according to the growth period and growth of asparagus, and relay fertilizer should be added during the harvesting period.

The above are the key points of asparagus planting technology and scientific management. Asparagus is a crop with relatively high economic benefits. It can be planted in the current year and harvested in the second year. Moreover, it can be harvested continuously for up to 8-10 years after being planted once. There is also a relatively large market demand for it, so it is still worth planting.

7. How to grow asparagus?

1. Choose a field: When planting asparagus, choose a site with high terrain and convenient drainage and irrigation, and apply decomposed organic fertilizer after drying it for a week.

2. Sowing and seedling raising: Soak the asparagus seeds in warm water, wrap them with a wet towel to germinate, and sow them in the field after germination.

3. Transplanting and planting: When the asparagus seedlings grow to 30 cm, plant them at a spacing of 30 cm.

8. How to grow asparagus?

1. After sowing, wait until the seedlings grow out. When the seedlings grow to 30 cm high, you can plant them on the seedbed, and then dig a 7.5 cm hole to facilitate their development.

2. When transplanting to the seedbed, you need to prepare the seedbed. The first thing is to weed the seedbed. Make sure there are no residual roots before applying fertilizer. Then dig trenches with a depth of about 30 centimeters. If there are many rows planted, the spacing must be doubled or more.

3. Plant the crowns in the trenches, cover the crowns and roots with soil, water the soil after planting, and then fill the soil back. When the asparagus begins to grow, add soil on the crowns. Continue for two or three weeks until the soil is as high as the trench.