CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Beekeeping Technical Guide (Beekeeping Technical Guide Book)

1. What is the technology of raising Chinese bees in Fujian?

Chinese bee breeding is generally divided into two methods: soil breeding technology and movable frame breeding technology.

Soil culture is the most common method in ordinary farmers' homes. It only requires a few wooden barrels, which are turned upside down in front of and behind the farmers' houses.

The wooden barrel needs to be boiled in a large pot, and salt, a small amount of honey, and a small amount of beeswax can be added to the water. You can also use pure Chinese beeswax to brush the boiled wooden barrel inside the barrel, and brush the bottom of the barrel thicker.

Under normal circumstances, in general places, when the spring equinox comes, it is the peak season for the natural swarming of Chinese bees. Natural swarms of bees will come to build nests, and after the big nectar source has passed, honey can be collected. In general, two seasons of honey can be collected in a year, with average yield, extremely high concentration, good taste, and slightly expensive price.

This is the technology of raising Chinese bees in the traditional way. Although the output is average, the management and operation methods are extremely simple. It is very suitable for novice beekeepers, or individual investors who raise a small number of Chinese bees. It is also suitable for amateur beekeepers who raise a few groups of bees to enrich their spare time.

Based on this traditional soil breeding technology, many derivative breeding technologies have been developed, such as lattice boxes, Three Gorges barrels, etc. They have one thing in common, that is, the lazy beekeeping method, which is simple to operate and has a low technical threshold.

The live-frame breeding of Chinese honeybees is a breeding technology that has begun to be scaled up and industrialized.

This kind of breeding technology is very professional. It is best to learn under the guidance of local, professional beekeepers to avoid novice beekeepers from making mistakes.

Then, the general technology of living frame breeding of Chinese bees must understand the following outlines:

First, clarify the purpose of raising Chinese bees. That is, you need to think clearly whether you raise Chinese bees mainly to sell bee colonies, honey, or both. Only when you have clarified your ultimate cash-out goal, you will be more purposeful and selective in the actual breeding operation.

Second, you must be clear about and understand the strength of your local Chinese bee colony, its honey production capacity, and its ability to adapt to survival in the wild.

Only by knowing these clearly can the beekeeper decide what kind of bee colony to use as the breeding stock and what specifications of beehives to choose.

Third, choose the address of the apiary.

Choose a site with honey source, water source, sunlight, shade and slope. Also, the site should be free of wind, pollution from factories, noise from poultry farms and various processing plants. This is because bees love cleanliness and quietness, and they also want to produce better and healthier wild native honey.

Fourth, understand and record the cycles of local pollen and nectar plants.

Know clearly the pollen and nectar source plants in your area, when they bloom, when they produce nectar, and keep good records, the more detailed the better. This is to know clearly when to collect nectar, when to breed queens, and when to replace queens.

Fifth, learn, learn, and learn again continuously.

Learn more and communicate more from books and on the Internet. Don’t be a beekeeper who is groping in the dark, don’t be a arrogant beekeeper, and don’t be a beekeeper who works in isolation.

Sixth, observe, carefully observe the various living habits and physiological characteristics of Chinese bees.

To raise bees well, you must know the living habits and physiological characteristics of Chinese bees. To know these clearly, you can only rely on meticulous observation, continuous research and comprehension, and accumulation over time to develop a set of Chinese bee breeding and management techniques suitable for your local area.

Seventh, prevention and treatment techniques of diseases and pests.

One of the most important reasons for putting the treatment and prevention of diseases and pests last is that, under normal circumstances, our Chinese bees do not need special drugs for treatment.

The main thing is that beekeepers, in their daily beekeeping operations, are directly related to the causes of pests and diseases. Of course, qualified beekeepers must also have the ability to treat infectious and bacterial infections.

2. Chinese bee breeding technology and management?

Chinese bee breeding is generally divided into soil breeding technology and live frame breeding technology.

To grow the plants in the soil, you only need a few wooden barrels or hollowed-out logs, which can be turned upside down or placed in front of or behind farmers' houses.

The wooden barrel needs to be boiled in a large pot, and salt, a small amount of honey, and a small amount of beeswax can be added to the water. You can also use pure Chinese beeswax to brush the boiled wooden barrel around the barrel, and brush the bottom of the barrel thicker.

In general areas, under normal temperature and nectar conditions, when the spring equinox comes, it is the peak season for the natural swarming of Chinese honey bees. Natural swarms will come to build nests, and then, after the nectar of major nectar plants has flowed, honey can be collected. In the most common case, two seasons of local honey can be collected in a year. The yield is average, the honey concentration is extremely high, the taste is good, and the flavor is mellow. Compared with the price of ordinary honey, it is slightly more expensive.

This is the breeding and management technology of native Chinese honey bees. Although the output is average, the management and operation methods are extremely simple. It is very suitable for novice beekeepers, or individual investors who raise a small number of Chinese honey bees. It is also suitable for amateur beekeepers who raise a few groups of bees to enrich their spare time.

Based on this traditional soil breeding technology, many derivative breeding technologies have been developed, such as lattice boxes, Three Gorges barrels, etc. They have one thing in common, that is, the lazy beekeeping method, which is simple to operate and has a low technical threshold.

The movable frame breeding of Chinese honeybees is a scientific breeding technology that has begun to be scaled up and industrialized.

This breeding technology is very professional and it is best to learn it under the guidance of a local, professional beekeeper so that novice beekeepers can avoid unnecessary losses and make fewer mistakes.

First of all, you need to choose an open field with nectar source, water source, light, shade and slope. Moreover, the field should be in a peaceful location without strong winds. There should be no factory pollution, poultry farms, pollution and noise from various processing plants within a radius of at least five kilometers around the bee farm. This is because bees love cleanliness and quietness, and they also want to produce better and healthier wild native Chinese honey.

Carefully understand and record in detail the nectar flow time and periodicity of local pollen and nectar source plants. You must clearly know when your local pollen and nectar source plants bloom and when they flow nectar, and keep good records. The more detailed the better. In this way, you can know when the apiary can collect honey, when the apiary can breed queens, and when the apiary can replace queens, so that you can plan and formulate methods that are suitable for your own apiary.

To raise bees well, you must know the living habits and physiological characteristics of Chinese bees. To know these clearly, you can only rely on meticulous observation, continuous research and comprehension, and accumulation over time to develop a set of Chinese honeybee breeding and management techniques suitable for your local area.

For example, the queen bee likes to lay eggs in a new nest, so the old combs should be moved out during the breeding season. For example, the Chinese honey bee likes to be quiet, so when checking the bee colony, you should check the hive purposefully, make quick decisions, disturb as little as possible, open the hive less, and learn the management techniques of observing and judging the internal situation of the bee colony from outside the hive, etc.

3. How to join the Beekeeping Association?

As long as there are more than 50 professional beekeepers who voluntarily form an association, they can apply. The beekeeping association first goes to the Civil Affairs Bureau to get the materials, and then goes to the Agricultural Bureau to apply. The Civil Affairs Bureau staff will guide the next step.

4. Interim Regulations on Beekeeping Management?

Chapter 1

Article 1 These Measures are formulated in accordance with the Animal Husbandry Law of the People's Republic of China, the Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws and regulations in order to regulate and support beekeeping activities, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of beekeepers and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the beekeeping industry.

Article 2 Beekeeping activities carried out within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall comply with these Measures.

Article 3 The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for the national beekeeping management.

The beekeeping administrative department of the local people’s government at or above the county level is responsible for the beekeeping management in its administrative area.

Article 4 Beekeeping administrative departments at all levels shall take measures to support the development of beekeeping, promote the scale, mechanization, standardization and intensification of the beekeeping industry, popularize bee pollination technology, and give full play to the role of the beekeeping industry in promoting agricultural production and quality, protecting the ecology and increasing farmers' income.

Article 5 Beekeepers may voluntarily establish industry associations and professional cooperative economic organizations in accordance with the law to provide information, technology, marketing, training and other services to members and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of members.

Beekeeping authorities at all levels should strengthen support, guidance and services to beekeeping industry organizations and professional cooperative economic organizations, and improve the level of organization and industrialization of the beekeeping industry.

Chapter 2 Production Management

Article 6 Agricultural administrative departments at all levels shall widely publicize the role of bees in increasing the yield and improving the quality of crops through pollination, and actively promote bee pollination technology.

The administrative departments of agriculture of local people's governments at or above the county level shall conduct investigations on nectar and pollen source plants within their jurisdictions and formulate measures for the protection and utilization of nectar and pollen source plants.

Article 7: Any bee breeding unit or individual shall obtain a "License for the Production and Operation of Breeding Livestock and Poultry" in accordance with the law. The bee breeding units for sale shall be accompanied by a quarantine certificate and a bee breeding certificate.

Article 8 Beekeepers may voluntarily register with the beekeeping authority of the county-level people's government and obtain a free "Beekeeping Certificate". They may enjoy technical training and other services with the "Beekeeping Certificate".

The Beekeeping Certificate is valid for three years and its format is uniformly formulated by the Ministry of Agriculture.

Article 9 Beekeepers shall produce in accordance with relevant national technical specifications and standards.

Beekeeping authorities at all levels should do a good job in beekeeping technical training and production guidance.

Article 10 Beekeepers shall abide by the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Agricultural Product Quality and Safety" and other relevant laws and regulations, and be responsible for the quality and safety of the bee products they produce.

Beekeepers should use production inputs correctly in accordance with relevant national regulations and must not add any substances to bee products.

Article 11 A registered beekeeper shall establish a breeding file and a beekeeping log, which shall state the following:

(1) species, quantity and source of bee colonies;

(2) Quarantine and disinfection status;

(3) The source, name, target, time and dosage of feed, veterinary drugs and other inputs;

(iv) Disease, death and harmless treatment of bee colonies;

(V) Production and sales of bee products.

Article 12 When beekeepers arrive at the nectar and pollen source plant planting area to release bees, they shall inform the village-level organizations or management units within 3,000 meters of the surrounding area. Organizations and units that receive the bee release notice shall promptly announce it in an appropriate manner. Units and individuals that plant nectar and pollen source plants in the bee release area shall avoid applying pesticides during the peak flowering period. If pesticides must be applied, they should be of low toxicity to bees.

Entities and individuals that plant nectar and pollen source plants shall inform the local area and beekeepers within 3,000 meters three days before applying pesticides. Entities and individuals that use aircraft to spray pesticides shall inform the operation area and beekeepers within 5,000 meters of the surrounding area five days before the operation to prevent harm to bees.

Beekeepers should inform each other and take timely safety precautions after receiving notification of pesticide application operations.

Article 13 Beekeeping administrative departments at all levels shall encourage and support beekeepers to establish long-term and stable purchase and sales relationships with bee product purchasing units and individuals, implement high-quality and high-price bee product and fair trade, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of beekeepers.

Chapter 3: Relocation of bees

Article 14 The beekeeping administrative department of the county-level people's government in the main nectar and pollen source areas shall, in conjunction with the beekeeping industry association, publish annually dynamic information on the distribution of nectar and pollen sources, bee release sites, bee carrying capacity, etc., publish contact telephone numbers, and assist bee releasers who move to other areas to arrange bee release sites.

Article 15 Beekeepers shall take their Beekeeping Certificate to the beekeeping authority or beekeeping industry association at the source of honey and pollen to arrange for a beekeeping site.

In principle, apiaries that are moved to other locations should be spaced at least 1,000 meters apart and maintain an appropriate distance from residential areas, roads, etc.

Those who move bees to other locations should obey site arrangements, not forcibly occupy the site, and should abide by local customs.

Article 16 Those who release bees in other places shall not release bees in areas such as bee genetic resource protection areas, seed conservation areas, and bee breeding isolation and mating areas of bee breeding farms established in accordance with the law by the beekeeping management department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.

Article 17 The competent department for beekeeping shall assist relevant departments and judicial organs in promptly handling cases of bee stealing, poisoning of bee colonies and other acts that damage beekeeping, bee-related transportation accidents and related disputes. When necessary, it may organize a technical appraisal of bee losses and issue a technical appraisal report at the request of the parties or the judicial organ.

Article 18 Except for the charges expressly stipulated by the state, beekeepers have the right to refuse any form of random charges, fines and levies, and report them to the relevant departments.

Chapter 4 Prevention and Control of Bee Colony Diseases

Article 19 Before bee colonies are shipped from their original locations and the farthest nectar and pollen sources, beekeepers must apply for quarantine at the local animal health supervision agency three days in advance. Only those who pass the quarantine can be shipped.

Article 20 When a beekeeper discovers that a bee colony is suffering from a bee disease that is subject to quarantine, he or she shall report it to the local veterinary authority, animal health supervision agency or animal disease prevention and control agency in accordance with the law, and isolate and prevent the spread of the epidemic on the spot.

It is prohibited to transfer, sell or produce bee products from uncured bee colonies.

Article 21 Beekeepers shall use veterinary drugs correctly, strictly control dosage, and implement a drug-withdrawal period system in accordance with relevant national regulations.

Article 22 The production, operation and use of beekeeping machinery and equipment such as nest foundations shall comply with national standards and relevant regulations.

It is prohibited to use materials that are harmful to bee colonies and contaminate bee products to make beekeeping equipment, or to add any drugs during the production process.

Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

Article 23 The bee products referred to in these Measures refer to the unprocessed honey, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen, bee venom, beeswax, bee larvae, bee pupae, etc. produced by bee colonies.

Article 24 Anyone who violates the provisions of these Measures shall be punished in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 25 These Measures shall enter into force on February 1, 2012.