CATDOLL : CATDOLL: New technologies for preventing diseases in silkworm breeding (What are the new technologies for preventing diseases in silkworm breeding)

1. What is the best way to prevent diseases in silkworm breeding?

1. The basic principle of silkworm disease prevention and control is prevention first, combined with fire prevention.

2. Choose the correct method of use according to the disinfectant: Silkworm houses, utensils, environment, etc. should be soaked or sprayed with clarified bleach containing 1% effective chlorine for disinfection, and kept moist for more than half an hour.

3. Pay attention to disinfection work at all stages of silkworm rearing.

1. Clean and disinfect before raising silkworms. Clean, dry and disinfect the silkworm room, silkworm tools and environment about a week before raising silkworms.

2. Disinfection at each age: Regularly disinfect the silkworm room, its interior and exterior and the environment with drugs; use "3.7" bran (3 parts lime mixed with 7 parts charred bran) to disinfect the eye silkworms at each age; use silkworm body and silkworm seat disinfectant to disinfect the silkworm bodies when starting silkworms (use bleaching powder containing 2% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 1-3 ages, and use bleaching powder containing 3% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 4-5 ages); put sick, weak silkworms and silkworms that do not make cocoons into disinfection tanks in time, and bury them in pits dug in batches; remove silkworm feces diligently during the adult silkworm period, and spread lime and other drying materials to keep the silkworm seats dry; do not throw or place silkworm feces at random at all ages, but dig pits and bury them in batches for high-temperature fermentation.

3. Disinfection immediately after silkworms are harvested: After the cocoon harvesting is completed each season, the silkworm rooms and silkworm tools should be disinfected, washed, dried and collected.

2. How to prevent pus disease in silkworms?

Treatment: 10 grams of chloramphenicol can be mixed with 2 liang of white wine and 1 kg of cold boiled water, and sprayed with 15 kg of mulberry leaves. Spread a layer of mulberry leaves in the silkworm pond and let the silkworms eat them all. In addition, crush garlic, mix it with lime and sink it in clean water, and sprinkle mulberry leaves to feed silkworms. Strictly disinfect, select sick silkworms and disinfect them with lime powder. Once in the morning and evening. Prevention: 1. Do a good job of disinfection. Before and after each batch of silkworms, the silkworm room must be cleaned (washed), and the silkworm room (including the ground, roof and four walls), silkworm rearing and leaf picking tools, and the environment around the silkworm room that has been contaminated by silkworm feces or dead silkworms, and utensils must be fully disinfected. The disinfectant solution must ensure the target concentration as required. After the silkworm room, leaf storage room and utensils are disinfected with liquid medicine, they are sealed and fumigated with drugs such as Yanxunbao or Duxiaosan. Fresh lime powder is a special medicine for killing nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Sprinkling it on the silkworm seat 1-2 times a day before feeding the silkworms to disinfect the silkworm body and silkworm seat can play a good role in disease prevention. 2. Properly handle the silkworms, silkworm excrement and dead silkworms. After the cocoons are collected, the silkworms should be burned to remove the floating silk in time, cleaned, bundled and sealed. The silkworms should not be turned over or touched during the silkworm rearing period. Silkworm excrement should be piled and fermented before being used as fertilizer for rice fields or fruit trees, or can be directly used as filler for biogas tanks; silkworm excrement should not be directly placed in mulberry fields or disposed of at will. Before feeding the silkworms each time, check the silkworm seats. If sick, dead or weak silkworms are found, they should be picked out and put into the lime tank in time (buried deep in the soil after a period of time), and fresh lime powder should be sprinkled on the silkworm seats where sick and dead silkworms have occurred. Contaminated mulberry leaves should be removed and disinfected in time. 3. Avoid contamination of pathogens during the process of raising silkworms. The common rearing room should disinfect the silkworm raising site before raising silkworms. After raising silkworms, farmers should move the silkworms into the large silkworm room as soon as possible, and do not park them at will on the way to avoid possible contamination. 4. Improve the management level of mulberry gardens. The N:P:K ratio of mulberry garden fertilizer should be 2:1:1. It is important to focus on the application of organic fertilizers and avoid nitrogen fertilizers. This will improve the leaf quality and enhance the physique and disease resistance of silkworms. Do a good job in preventing and controlling mulberry tree diseases and insect pests to reduce cross-infection between wild pests and silkworms. 5. Adjust the silkworm breeding environment. High temperature, humidity and stuffiness should be avoided during the growing period. The silkworm room should be well ventilated and air should be exchanged. High and low temperature shocks should be avoided to improve the immunity of silkworms. 6. Strengthen feeding management. (1) Pay attention to personal hygiene during feeding. (2) Always remember the basic disease prevention system of changing shoes when entering and leaving the silkworm room and leaf room, and washing hands before picking leaves, feeding silkworms, removing sand, and picking sick and weak silkworms. (3) The density of silkworm heads should be appropriately uniform and not too dense to reduce the chance of silkworms scratching each other. (4) Do not feed dewy leaves, deteriorated leaves and contaminated mulberry leaves. (5) Do a good job of dormancy and wake-up treatment. If the dormancy is uneven, the silkworms should be raised in batches and weak silkworms should be eliminated. Do not stop the mulberry from starving too early.

3. What are the drugs for the prevention and treatment of silkworm pus disease? How to use them?

1. Thoroughly disinfect and eliminate the source of infection

1. Before raising silkworms, the silkworm raising room, leaf storage room, cocooning room, silkworm racks, automatic cocooning racks, silkworm frames, bamboo winnowing dustpans, silkworm platform cushions, leaf picking baskets, film for covering (padding) mulberry leaves, film for covering (padding) young silkworms, leaf cutting boards, leaf cutting knives, silkworm nets, silkworm chopsticks, cocooning tools, cocoon baskets, cocoon bags, indoor slippers and all other utensils must be fully cleaned and disinfected.

2. The area around the silkworm room and places contaminated by silkworm feces, dead silkworms and rotten cocoons (including living places) should also be disinfected regularly.

3. Cleaning and disinfection methods

(1) Cleaning

Clean up the silkworm excrement, dead silkworms, rotten cocoons and garbage left in the silkworm rearing sites and equipment, and transport them to a silkworm excrement pool (pit, room) far away from the mulberry garden and silkworm room for fermentation, or burn them together; clean the floor, walls and corners of the above-mentioned places thoroughly, and rinse them with clean water if they can be rinsed; all the above-mentioned equipment should be thoroughly washed and cleaned. Pay special attention to removing the corpses, pus residues and stains attached to the silkworm tools.

(2) Use effective disinfectants and disinfection methods

① Disinfection with bleaching powder solution Bleaching powder is the most commonly used disinfectant, and it has a strong killing effect on various pathogens of silkworms. The commercially available bleaching powder contains 25% to 32% effective chlorine (generally calculated as 25%). The use concentration is 1% effective chlorine, that is, 1 kg of bleaching powder plus 25 kg of water. Spray disinfection, and it needs to be wet for more than half an hour; small utensils can be immersed in bleaching powder solution for disinfection, but bamboo and wooden utensils should be picked up immediately after being immersed, and then immersed in the second pool of utensils to avoid each immersion time being too long, bleaching bamboo and wood and losing the efficacy of the medicine, which affects the effect of subsequent immersion disinfection.

② Limewater disinfection Limewater has a strong killing effect on the virus particles and polyhedra of blood purulent disease, midgut purulent disease, and denso-nuclear disease. The concentration used is 2-5%, that is, 2-5 kg ​​of fresh lime plus 100 kg of water. Spraying disinfection and immersion disinfection are both possible. It needs to be kept moist for more than half an hour. You can also use 6%-10% lime slurry to spray walls and floors to kill, seal, and fix pathogens.

③ Disinfection with bleaching powder liquid. bleaching powder is a kind of bleaching powder, which has a strong killing effect on various pathogens of silkworms. The original powder contains 60% to 64% effective chlorine (generally calculated as 60%). The concentration used is 0.5% to 1% effective chlorine, that is, 0.5 kg of bleaching powder plus 30 to 50 kg of water. The method of use is the same as bleaching powder.

④ Add fresh lime when using formalin and strong chlorine for disinfection. When using 2% formalin for disinfection, 2% fresh lime must be added to kill the polyhedrosis virus of blood purulent disease and midgut purulent disease. The specific preparation is 1 kg of formalin stock solution plus 17-18 kg of water, and then add 0.4 kg of fresh lime. Lime should also be added when using strong chlorine for disinfection. Specifically, 0.1 kg of strong chlorine containing 85% effective chlorine, 20 kg of water, and then add 0.4-0.6 kg of fresh lime. Fresh lime must be used. Old lime powder and lime powder used for construction have poor disinfection effects.

⑤ Disinfection method of cocoons: After collecting cocoons from bamboo flower cocoons, plastic folding cocoons, and wooden square cocoons, remove floating silk, dead silkworm bodies and their residues, and use the above disinfectant to spray or immerse for disinfection. For cardboard square cocoons, after removing floating silk, open them and expose them to the sun for 1 day, then gather them together and spray them with 2% or 1% effective chlorine-containing strong chlorine essence, immediately cover the cocoon pieces with plastic film and seal them for 4 hours, then open them and expose them to the sun for 1 day. You can also hang the dried square cocoon pieces in a closed room and fumigate them with strong chlorine essence fumigant. Use 5 grams of fumigant per cubic meter, ignite it, and smoke with an open flame. Close the door and take it out the next day. The disinfected cocoons can be placed in the tool room for standby use.

(3) Pay attention to the quality of disinfection and strive to be comprehensive and thorough

It is required to carry out disinfection in accordance with the "disinfection-cleaning-disinfection" method, that is, after the silkworm rearing is finished, the houses, venues, and utensils should be disinfected once to prevent the spread of pathogens and contamination, and then a comprehensive cleaning should be carried out to remove dirt, and then a comprehensive disinfection should be carried out again before silkworm rearing to achieve comprehensive and thorough disinfection.

(4) Reasonably arrange silkworm breeding batches to prevent continuous transmission of diseases

Silkworm breeding batches cannot be too dense, and there must be enough interval time between batches to clean and disinfect the premises and utensils after use to avoid silkworm diseases from being transmitted to the next batch.

2. Strengthen and timely remove and isolate dead silkworms to reduce the chance of silkworm diseases spreading

1. Equip a special silkworm room and utensils. Strictly separate the utensils for adult silkworms from those for small silkworms to avoid raising small silkworms and adult silkworms together in the same room. Do not place flower cocoons, square cocoons, cocoon bags, cocoon baskets, silkworm dung baskets (swipers) and other utensils and items that carry a large number of pathogens in the silkworm room or nearby. These utensils and items must not come into contact with the silkworm bodies, silkworm seats, or mulberry leaves.

2. Remove silkworm feces diligently and move them to the silkworm feces pool (pit) for stacking, away from the silkworm room and mulberry garden; sick and dead silkworms should be burned or buried deep to prevent pathogens from contaminating everywhere.

3. Develop a good habit of changing shoes and washing hands when entering the silkworm room to avoid bringing in pathogens from outside and contaminating the silkworm seats and mulberry leaves.

4. Ensure that the mulberry leaves are clean. Do not directly use silkworm manure as fertilizer to pollute the mulberry garden; use disinfected leaf baskets and vehicles to load and transport leaves; use strictly disinfected leaf storage rooms and films to store mulberry leaves to keep them clean; pay attention to pest control in the mulberry garden to prevent mulberry insects from transmitting diseases to silkworms.

5. Remove sick and dead silkworms in time; raise them in batches during the dormant period, completely eliminate the slow-sleeping silkworms and the silkworms that cannot sleep, or keep the slow-sleeping silkworms in isolation.

6. Sprinkle fresh lime powder on the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats of all ages of dormant, waking and mature silkworms every day or every other day to disinfect them. If there is diseased silkworm pus on the silkworm seats, sprinkle lime to disinfect and cover them in time.

3. Strengthen the physique of silkworms and eliminate the factors that induce silkworm diseases

Raise them carefully, feed them good mulberry and adequate food, and provide suitable temperature and humidity to prevent high temperature and sweltering heat from inducing viral diseases; prevent silkworm body trauma from infecting them with pus diseases.

4. Carry out disinfection and disease prevention for young silkworms to ensure the quality of commercial young silkworms.

Young silkworm co-rearing households should establish the concept of quality first and customer first, fully implement the disinfection and disease prevention system, and do a good job in young silkworm co-rearing disease prevention work, so that the commercial young silkworms raised together meet the quality requirements of no diseased or dead silkworms, uniform development, and sufficient number of heads. When purchasing commercial young silkworms, silkworm farmers should carefully check the quality. If diseased or dead silkworms are found, they can be regarded as unqualified products (commercial young silkworms) and can be refused to buy and raise. Only by ensuring that disease-free commercial young silkworms are purchased can a stable and high yield of silkworm rearing be achieved.

5. Biological pesticides containing nuclear polyhedrosis virus have been promoted for use in crops such as tea and vegetables. Mulberry leaves contaminated by biological pesticides containing nuclear polyhedrosis virus can cause outbreaks of silkworm pus disease. We must pay attention to this and avoid using biological pesticides containing nuclear polyhedrosis virus in mulberry gardens and nearby crops.

4. What are the latest disinfectants and anti-septic drugs for silkworm farming?

Lime slurry waterproofing

Dioscorea

Chlorine bleach

Formaldehyde, etc.

1. Clean the silkworm room and silkworm tools. After the silkworms are on the cocoons, clean all the tools in the room and sweep the floor thoroughly. All the silkworm feces removed should be collected for composting.

2. Disinfection of silkworm rooms and silkworm tools: Use a sprayer to spray clarified bleach containing 1% effective chlorine on both sides of the silkworm tools, the floor, doors and windows, walls, ceiling, and the surrounding environment of the silkworm room. Use formaldehyde fumigation or spraying to disinfect the cocoons. After disinfection, keep the doors and windows closed for more than half an hour.

3. Rinse. Wash all the silkworm tools in the room. All the old cocoon tools that cannot be used should be burned. It is recommended to wash the silk quilt net with running water. Do not use stagnant pond water to wash it. Spray the front and back of the special silkworm tools. Rinse the floor, doors, windows, and walls of the silkworm room with clean water. Drain the washed sewage into the outdoor pit to prevent it from flowing around and polluting the environment. If it is a mud floor, scrape up 3-4 cm of old soil, replace it with new soil, mix it with new lime powder, sprinkle water and compact it. If the wall is a mud wall, use lime slurry to paint it white.

4. Soak: Use 2% formaldehyde solution and 1 kg of fresh lime water mixture to soak the silkworm tools for disinfection. After soaking the silkworm tools in the solution, choose a sunny place, cover them with plastic film, seal the silkworm tools, and then dry them in the sun for 4-6 hours. The temperature inside the plastic film will rise rapidly and the disinfection effect will be good. After drying, the cocoons should be kept separately.

5. Disinfect again. Move all the silkworm tools back into the silkworm room. It is recommended to use a clarified liquid containing 1% effective chlorine to spray both sides of the silkworm tools with a sprayer, and spray the floor, doors and windows, walls, ceiling, and surrounding environment of the silkworm room. Use formaldehyde fumigation or spraying to disinfect the cocoons. The dosage is 0.225 kg per square meter. Keep the temperature above 24°. After disinfection, close the doors and windows for more than half an hour. If the walls are mud walls, use 20% lime slurry to paint them white.

6. Environmental purification. All weeds, garbage, silkworm feces and silkworm cocoons around the silkworm room should be removed, and the ground should be swept thoroughly. All the silkworm feces removed should be concentrated and composted with 1% clarified liquid of effective chlorine bleach. The home environment and the general environment within 15 meters outdoors should be sprayed and disinfected uniformly, with special emphasis on disinfection of the pens, the area around the silkworm feces pits, the outdoor cocooning fields and the fertilizer piles. In winter, the environment should be cleaned and purified in combination with the winter management of mulberry trees. The dead branches and leaves in the mulberry garden should be thoroughly removed and burned uniformly.