CATDOLL : CATDOLL: Silkworm Disease Prevention Technology (What are the Silkworm Disease Prevention Technologies)

1. What are the main contents of silkworm breeding and silkworm disease prevention and control?

Silkworm diseases used to be mainly caused by midgut pus disease and hollow-head softening disease. Currently, due to the differences in silkworm rearing time and climatic conditions, blood-type pus disease, stiffness disease and other silkworm diseases are the main ones.

1. Blood-type pus disease (commonly known as crawling silkworms, grandmother silkworms)

The virus of blood-type pus disease parasitizes in the blood of sick silkworms. The blood of healthy silkworms is colorless and transparent, while the blood of sick silkworms is milky white, so sick silkworms are also called milky silkworms. Once the silkworms become ill, as the disease worsens, the sick silkworms will crawl frantically with milky white pus, so they are also called crawling silkworms. The sick silkworms spread a large amount of viruses on mulberry leaves and silkworm pus by crawling, causing healthy silkworms to eat the virus-carrying mulberry leaves and become infected and sick.

1. The main cause of the disease. Due to the presence of viruses in incomplete disinfection, the tenderness of mulberry leaves with high water content, the high temperature and humidity in the silkworm rearing environment, and the lack of early-stage steaming and waking treatment, healthy silkworms and diseased silkworms are mixed and infected each other.

2. Prevention and control methods. Before each feeding, extract the diseased silkworms with milky white bodies and frantic crawling, put them into a container with lime and bury them deeply, then wash your hands and disinfect the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats with fresh lime powder 1-2 times a day. In feeding, pay attention to the maturity of mulberry leaves, do not eat tender leaves and immature leaves (the leaves used for the first instar are the 2nd-3rd leaves of the new shoots, the leaves used for the second instar are the largest leaves of the new shoots, the leaves used for the third instar are the three-eye leaves, and the leaves used for the fourth instar are the full bud leaves), and pay attention to indoor ventilation. There should be air convection windows in the room for sleeping silkworms of 1-2 instars, the indoor air should be circulated for 3-4 instars, and the doors and windows should be opened for the 5 instars. If it is rainy and the mulberry leaves are wet, it is more important to open the doors and windows for raising silkworms.

2. Rigidity

The conidia (white hairs) of the dead silk disease are brought in by the wind, mulberry leaves and other external factors. After landing on the silkworm body, they drill into the silkworm body after 10-12 hours, absorb the silkworm body's nutrition and water to sustain life. After one day, they drill out of the silkworm body again to produce hyphae and conidia, which are then transmitted to healthy silkworms through the conidia.

1. Cause of disease. The presence of conidia of the spores of the spores and high humidity in the air are conducive to the growth of conidia of the spores of the spores. The disease is usually more likely to occur in the rainy spring, summer and late autumn.

2. Prevention and control methods. Eliminate sick silkworms in time, catch them before their bodies turn white to prevent infection, and burn or bury the caught sick silkworms. Eliminate late-sleeping and sleepless silkworms in time during breeding, and disinfect the bodies and silkworm seats of susceptible silkworms such as ant silkworms, starter silkworms, and mature silkworms.

Prevention and control when the disease is mild: In addition to routine disinfection of silkworm bodies and silkworm seats during the larval stage, the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats should be disinfected once a day during the fifth instar. Sprinkle more charred rice bran and lime during sleep to keep the silkworm seats dry.

Prevention and control when the disease is serious: In addition to routine disinfection of silkworm bodies and silkworm seats for ant silkworms, starter silkworms and mature silkworms, the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats should be disinfected twice a day during the fifth instar stage, and the pressure material during dormancy should be changed from lime to anti-rigidity powder.

The specific drugs for the prevention and control of the disease include: "Miejiangling" anti-rigidity powder, "Youlujing" anti-rigidity powder, and the antibacterial agent "402". "Xiongxiaojing" can also be used for fumigation disinfection. During the silkworm period, 200 times liquid "Xiaoteling" can also be used for spraying disinfection.

2. How to prevent pus disease in silkworms?

Treatment: 10 grams of chloramphenicol can be mixed with 2 liang of white wine and 1 kg of cold boiled water, and sprayed with 15 kg of mulberry leaves. Spread a layer of mulberry leaves in the silkworm pond and let the silkworms eat them all. In addition, crush garlic, mix it with lime and sink it in clean water, and sprinkle mulberry leaves to feed silkworms. Strictly disinfect, select sick silkworms and disinfect them with lime powder. Once in the morning and evening. Prevention: 1. Do a good job of disinfection. Before and after each batch of silkworms, the silkworm room must be cleaned (washed), and the silkworm room (including the ground, roof and four walls), silkworm rearing and leaf picking tools, and the environment around the silkworm room that has been contaminated by silkworm feces or dead silkworms, and utensils must be fully disinfected. The disinfectant solution must ensure the target concentration as required. After the silkworm room, leaf storage room and utensils are disinfected with liquid medicine, they are sealed and fumigated with drugs such as Yanxunbao or Duxiaosan. Fresh lime powder is a special medicine for killing nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Sprinkling it on the silkworm seat 1-2 times a day before feeding the silkworms to disinfect the silkworm body and silkworm seat can play a good role in disease prevention. 2. Properly handle the silkworms, silkworm excrement and dead silkworms. After the cocoons are collected, the silkworms should be burned to remove the floating silk in time, cleaned, bundled and sealed. The silkworms should not be turned over or touched during the silkworm rearing period. Silkworm excrement should be piled and fermented before being used as fertilizer for rice fields or fruit trees, or can be directly used as filler for biogas tanks; silkworm excrement should not be directly placed in mulberry fields or disposed of at will. Before feeding the silkworms each time, check the silkworm seats. If sick, dead or weak silkworms are found, they should be picked out and put into the lime tank in time (buried deep in the soil after a period of time), and fresh lime powder should be sprinkled on the silkworm seats where sick and dead silkworms have occurred. Contaminated mulberry leaves should be removed and disinfected in time. 3. Avoid contamination of pathogens during the process of raising silkworms. The common rearing room should disinfect the silkworm raising site before raising silkworms. After raising silkworms, farmers should move the silkworms into the large silkworm room as soon as possible, and do not park them at will on the way to avoid possible contamination. 4. Improve the management level of mulberry gardens. The N:P:K ratio of mulberry garden fertilizer should be 2:1:1. It is important to focus on the application of organic fertilizers and avoid nitrogen fertilizers. This will improve the leaf quality and enhance the physique and disease resistance of silkworms. Do a good job in preventing and controlling mulberry tree diseases and insect pests to reduce cross-infection between wild pests and silkworms. 5. Adjust the silkworm breeding environment. High temperature, humidity and stuffiness should be avoided during the growing period. The silkworm room should be well ventilated and air should be exchanged. High and low temperature shocks should be avoided to improve the immunity of silkworms. 6. Strengthen feeding management. (1) Pay attention to personal hygiene during feeding. (2) Always remember the basic disease prevention system of changing shoes when entering and leaving the silkworm room and leaf room, and washing hands before picking leaves, feeding silkworms, removing sand, and picking sick and weak silkworms. (3) The density of silkworm heads should be appropriately uniform and not too dense to reduce the chance of silkworms scratching each other. (4) Do not feed dewy leaves, deteriorated leaves and contaminated mulberry leaves. (5) Do a good job of dormancy and wake-up treatment. If the dormancy is uneven, the silkworms should be raised in batches and weak silkworms should be eliminated. Do not stop the mulberry from starving too early.

3. How to establish a regular hygiene and disease prevention system for disinfection during the silkworm period?

First, the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats should be disinfected. The silkworm bodies and silkworm seats of larvae and silkworms of all ages should be disinfected with small silkworm anti-deadness powder. Use 20-30 g/m2 and evenly spread it on the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats with a sieve before feeding. Add the net to the mulberry 15 minutes after the application. Sprinkle the silkworm bodies and silkworm seats with a mixture of lime and charred bran (3:7) after the mulberry is stopped or in the middle of each age. It can be done once a day when the disease occurs. In addition, a strict silkworm cleaning and sanitation system should be established, and a silkworm breeding system of "three specializations and one distance" should be implemented (i.e., special rooms, special tools, special people for feeding, and small silkworm rooms are far away from large silkworm rooms and cocooning rooms). Fresh lime powder or sacks (straw bags) soaked with disinfectants such as disinfectants should be laid in front of the doors of small silkworm rooms and mulberry storage rooms, and shoes should be changed before entering the room. Mulberry picking baskets and sand removal baskets should be strictly separated and cannot be mixed. Breeding personnel must wash their hands before feeding mulberry, after sand removal, and after contact with dead silkworms. After each sand removal, the floor and air of the silkworm room should be sprayed with disinfectant containing 0.5% to 1% effective chlorine. The silkworm sand pit must be far away from the silkworm room and mulberry garden. If diseased and dead silkworms appear during the silkworm rearing process, they must be buried deep after adding lime powder.

Disinfection and Seating of Silkworms

4. During the silkworm rearing process, how can we ensure that the silkworms do not develop pus disease?

Introduction: It is common for sericulture to cause sericulture. In many areas, due to the lack of mature technology, lack of management of mulberry gardens, inadequate disinfection of silkworm houses, and the influence of climate, sericulture is caused, which restricts the development of sericulture. This disease will cause harm to silkworms of all ages, especially to old silkworms in the middle and late stages. In summer, the weather is hot and humid and there is no ventilation. Once sericulture breaks out, it is difficult to control.

Causes of pus disease in silkworm breeding

1. Disinfection measures are not in place and prevention awareness is weak

The virus of pustular disease can survive for a long time and can survive for 2 to 3 years without artificial control. Before raising silkworms, if the silkworm room and tools are not thoroughly disinfected, pathogenic microorganisms will still exist in the silkworm room. During the silkworm raising period, farmers have a weak awareness of disease prevention. In order to reduce investment expenditures, they do not disinfect thoroughly. They only disinfect the silkworm room of young silkworms, but not the adult silkworms. In addition, the tools in the silkworm room and the surrounding environment are not disinfected. Disinfection in this way can easily lead to the recurrence of pustular disease.

2. Lack of management of silkworm breeding, insufficient silkworm rooms and silkworm tools

Too rough feeding can weaken the silkworms' constitution. When their immunity drops, they are susceptible to purulent disease when the temperature rises or when it rains. Some farmers do not plan enough silkworm rooms and raise silkworms too densely. The silkworms are easily scratched, causing bacterial infection and purulent disease. Silkworms of all stages are mixed together, making it difficult to regulate the temperature and humidity of the breeding environment, and it is also difficult to distinguish between mulberry leaves for feeding, which can easily lead to secondary infection.

3. Improper management of mulberry leaves leads to poor leaf quality

When planting mulberry trees, some farmers, for the sake of convenience, do not adopt winter felling and improper fertilization. As a result, the mulberry leaves cannot be supplemented with nutrients, and pests and diseases will become serious, and the quality of mulberry leaves cannot be guaranteed. Some mulberry trees are fattened by animal feces and corpses, which will cause cross-infection of silkworms with pus diseases. The mulberry leaves picked by farmers are not stored in a special mulberry storage room, causing the mulberry leaves to dry up prematurely and have little nutritional value.

Increase disease prevention awareness and implement strict disinfection

☞Disinfection before silkworm rearing

Before raising silkworms, disinfection of the silkworm room and its surroundings is an indispensable task. First, disinfect the silkworm room and silkworm tools with 1% effective chlorine bleaching powder. This is the first step. After completion, wait a few days and move the silkworm tools outside for a second disinfection. The tools used at ordinary times should be soaked in bleaching powder for half an hour, and then put back into the silkworm room after drying. Then disinfect the entire silkworm room for the third time with bleaching powder. After three disinfections, the doors and windows of the silkworm room should be closed tightly, and some lime should be sprinkled on the ground for disinfection. The indoor temperature should be kept above 25 degrees.

☞Disinfection during feeding

Pus disease is easy to recur during the breeding process, and disinfection should be carried out regularly during the breeding period. The tools, silkworm seats, silkworm room floors, and mulberry storage rooms that silkworms often touch should be cleaned and disinfected with bleaching powder. In particular, the floor of the silkworm room must be desanded and disinfected before feeding silkworms. For example, 5-year-old silkworms are prone to pus disease. When disinfecting, use 3% effective chlorine anti-stiffness powder to evenly sprinkle it on the silkworm seats and silkworm bodies in a spraying manner. The relevant silkworm nets, sandbags, and anti-drying paper should also be disinfected together.

☞Disinfection in the later stage of silkworm rearing

After the silkworm breeding is finished, the silkworm room and silkworm tools must be disinfected to completely eliminate pathogenic microorganisms and block the transmission route. When the next batch is raised, the risk of pus disease can be avoided. The disinfection methods are similar and you can refer to the disinfection method before silkworm breeding.

Improve the breeding environment, increase nutrition, and enhance the resistance of silkworms

Silkworms of each age have different requirements for the breeding environment, so it is best to raise them in batches. When they reach the third age, the weak silkworms that develop slowly can be separated from the mature silkworms and raised separately, and the temperature and humidity of the silkworm room should be adjusted. Generally, young silkworms should pay attention to heat preservation and moisture retention, and adult silkworms should take measures to ventilate. Only when the breeding environment is good can the growth of pus disease bacteria be avoided.

Sericulture is suitable for sparse breeding, not dense breeding. If the breeding density is too high, the silkworms will have limited space to move around, which will easily lead to trauma and increase the incidence of purulent diseases. In the early planning, we should consider both the yield and the breeding density. If the space is crowded, we should expand the breeding space in time to leave some space between the silkworms to prevent them from scratching each other. During the period of young silkworms, we should select and remove the old and dry mulberry leaves, and feed them with high-quality mulberry leaves in appropriate amounts according to the feeding characteristics of silkworms.

When it is found that some silkworms are sick, the cause of the disease should be analyzed to prevent the disease from spreading further. Sick silkworms should be disinfected and centrally handled, and should not be discarded in the corners of the silkworm room at will to prevent the further spread of viruses and bacteria. Check carefully and exclude sick silkworms, then disinfect the silkworm racks and silkworm seats with fresh lime powder before feeding, and control the feeding amount. Silkworm feces should be cleaned in time and stored away from the silkworm room. They can be returned to the field after they are fully fermented.

Strengthen mulberry garden management, control the source, and select silkworms resistant to pus disease

Mulberry leaves are the main food source for silkworms. Only by controlling the source and growing high-quality mulberry leaves can there be sufficient nutrition to meet the growth needs of silkworms. When planting mulberry trees, apply fertilizers reasonably, remove weeds in the mulberry garden in time, and take measures to prevent insects to reduce the chance of cross-infection with insects and pests.

Different silkworm species have different antiviral abilities, and silkworms of different ages have different resistance abilities. Because septicemia is a common disease, silkworm species resistant to septicemia are currently on the market. Farmers can choose suitable septicemia-resistant silkworm species according to the local breeding climate characteristics, which can reduce the chance of silkworms suffering from septicemia during breeding.

summary:

Pus disease has caused great economic losses to silkworm farmers, and the main reason is that the disinfection work is not done well. For diseases like pus disease, prevention in the early stage is better than treatment in the later stage. Whether it is before or in the middle of silkworm breeding, disinfection should be thorough, including the silkworm room, tools or surrounding environment. As long as improvements are made from the mulberry leaves, regular disinfection, providing silkworms with comprehensive nutrition and increasing resistance, the incidence of pus disease will be greatly reduced.

5. What is the best way to prevent diseases in silkworm breeding?

1. The basic principle of silkworm disease prevention and control is prevention first, combined with fire prevention.

2. Choose the correct method of use according to the disinfectant: Silkworm houses, utensils, environment, etc. should be soaked or sprayed with clarified bleach containing 1% effective chlorine for disinfection, and kept moist for more than half an hour.

3. Pay attention to disinfection work at all stages of silkworm rearing.

1. Clean and disinfect before raising silkworms. Clean, dry and disinfect the silkworm room, silkworm tools and environment about a week before raising silkworms.

2. Disinfection at each age: Regularly disinfect the silkworm room, its interior and exterior and the environment with drugs; use "3.7" bran (3 parts lime mixed with 7 parts charred bran) to disinfect the eye silkworms at each age; use silkworm body and silkworm seat disinfectant to disinfect the silkworm bodies when starting silkworms (use bleaching powder containing 2% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 1-3 ages, and use bleaching powder containing 3% effective chlorine to prevent silkworm stiffness for silkworms starting from 4-5 ages); put sick, weak silkworms and silkworms that do not make cocoons into disinfection tanks in time, and bury them in pits dug in batches; remove silkworm feces diligently during the adult silkworm period, and spread lime and other drying materials to keep the silkworm seats dry; do not throw or place silkworm feces at random at all ages, but dig pits and bury them in batches for high-temperature fermentation.

3. Disinfection immediately after silkworms are harvested: After the cocoon harvesting is completed each season, the silkworm rooms and silkworm tools should be disinfected, washed, dried and collected.

6. How to prevent silkworm diseases when raising silkworms?

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In the breeding industry, silkworms are relatively rare invertebrate reptiles and belong to the insect family. Silkworms feed on mulberry leaves and go through four completely different developmental and growth stages in their life: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. For breeders, silkworms are insects with high economic value. By planting mulberry trees and raising silkworms, breeders can obtain cocoons and silk, and then obtain a considerable income. However, the process of breeding silkworms is often not so easy. Silkworms are small in size, short in lifespan, and do not have the perfect immune system of higher organisms. They are easily infected with bacteria, and because they are too small, it is difficult for managers to detect the symptoms of illness. Most silkworms die of illness. Therefore, breeders need to thoroughly clean and sterilize the living environment of silkworms to block the transmission medium and pathways of bacteria, pathogens and harmful microorganisms, which is a strong guarantee for improving breeding efficiency.

Importance of Disinfection in Silkworm Farming

According to the research and follow-up investigation, more than 90% of the diseases that endanger the death of silkworms are infectious diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi and microparticle silkworm pathogens. Pathogenic microorganisms are the main source of harm, and they threaten the life safety of silkworms. In order to prevent silkworms from being infected with pathogens and causing unnecessary economic losses, farmers must insist on regular disinfection and sterilization of the breeding area to completely eliminate the harm of pathogens from the root. Silkworm rooms, silkworm tools, silkworm bodies, mulberry leaves, and clothing of breeding personnel all need to be disinfected and sterilized, and no source of pathogen invasion should be missed. Create a clean, pollution-free, healthy and green growth environment for silkworms.

How to prevent viral infection and death during silkworm breeding?

As the saying goes: prevention is better than cure. Silkworm diseases are generally caused by parasitism of viruses and bacteria. These pathogens will attach to the silkworm body, silkworm seat, silkworm tools, and mulberry leaves. Therefore, disinfection of silkworm farms is of utmost importance. The key links to prevent silkworm virus infection include meticulous feeding management and strict comprehensive health and epidemic prevention measures. Doing a good job of disinfection and sterilization of the environment, feed, drinking water, and utensils is an effective way to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms spread from the source of infection in the external environment, cut off the transmission route, and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

Implementing the principle of "prevention first, taking precautions before they happen" is an important method of breeding. However, due to the special nature of sericulture, the disinfectant should be non-toxic, non-irritating, quickly dissolving and quickly releasing bactericidal active ingredients. It has a strong killing effect on various types of pathogenic microorganisms, does not react with inorganic and organic matter in water or produce toxic compounds, and is simple and convenient to operate. Biotech cooperates with large farms to develop special compound agents with cleaning functions for disinfection, sterilization, algae removal, and biofilm removal in animal husbandry and planting industries. "Baikoteri" special disinfection and cleaning agent for breeding industry has patented technology for high efficiency and broad spectrum killing of bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. and inhibition of various microorganisms, bacteria and algae. It has extremely strong stability, low concentration, long and lasting drug effect, strong penetration, easy use, low cost, wide applicable temperature and PH range, not easy to volatilize, completely environmentally friendly, completely decomposed into water and oxygen, harmless to humans and animals, and will not cause environmental damage.

Features of "Baikoteri" special cleaning agent for aquaculture disinfection and sterilization:

1. Highly efficient and broad-spectrum sterilization with fast speed, it can kill harmful bacteria and harmful microorganisms including: Influenza A Virus, HIV-1, Legionella, amoeba, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, hand, foot and mouth disease pathogens, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, hepatitis pathogens, avian influenza, Salmonella, Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecalis, and can effectively resist more than 200 kinds of bacteria, fungi, microorganisms, such as bacteriophages, molds, spore-forming anaerobic bacteria, yeasts, molds, filamentous fungi, anaerobic sulfate-resistant bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, etc.

2. Eliminate biofilm and algae. It can effectively clean the biofilm in the drinking water system of the farm, kill algae and inhibit the regrowth of biofilm and algae.

3. It is applicable to a wide range of areas, and has significant disinfection and sterilization effects on the environment, space, surface, and drinking water. It can also inhibit the growth and proliferation of various microorganisms, bacteria, and algae after use.

4. It is extremely stable, quick to take effect, long-lasting, and effective. It can completely kill harmful bacteria, has great flexibility in application, has zero dependence on light, is not affected by temperature and pH value, is not easy to volatilize, is completely environmentally friendly, and can be completely decomposed into water and oxygen, harmless to humans and animals.

5. No drug resistance. Different from traditional antibiotic products, Bioteri BT50 has a unique disinfection and sterilization solution, which makes it effective for a long time.

6. Safe and environmentally friendly, no residue, colorless, non-toxic, no odor, no residue, no foaming, completely soluble in water, no reaction with ammonia, no need to rinse again after sterilization and disinfection, and the discharged wastewater does not need to be neutralized.

Preventive disinfection and sterilization methods for silkworm farms:

The disinfection and sterilization work of the silkworm farm can be "sweep, wash, scrape, disinfect, and kill". First, the silkworm room and the tools should be thoroughly cleaned to leave no place for pathogens to hide. There should be no dust on the ground and a layer of ground should be scraped. Then, the silkworm tools should be thoroughly washed in running water and soaked in alkaline water. No stains should be left on the tools and each one should be cleaned. Then, the mud on the surface of the silkworm room should be scraped off. If conditions permit, the silkworm room can be repainted. Finally, the silkworm room and tools should be disinfected with chemicals. The chemicals must be prepared according to the standards. In order to give full play to the efficacy, the chemicals should be sufficient and evenly applied. No dead corners should be left when spraying.

1. Cleaning: Since there is more than half a year between the last autumn silkworms and the next spring silkworms, the silkworm room, cocooning room, auxiliary room, and the environment are covered with dust and dirt, and there are potential sources of silkworm diseases, which pose a potential threat to the spring silkworms. In the preparation work before raising silkworms, the cleaning utensils should be used to clean thoroughly, leaving no dead corners, and the garbage cleared should be burned in a centralized manner.

2. Cleaning: After cleaning the above-mentioned room and tools, wash them with clean water. The spots, corpses, excrement, cocoon silk, etc. left in the surface and gaps of the silkworm room and tools can be scraped off with a knife to eliminate the hidden dangers of silkworm diseases.

3. Painting: After sweeping and cleaning the walls and ceilings of the silkworm room, add 20% lime slurry to "Baikoteri" special disinfection and sterilization cleaning agent for breeding, and paint them all over. This can make the silkworm room white and beautiful and kill pathogens.

4. Soaking: Put the plastic cocoons, silkworm nets, plastic films, silkworm foils, silkworm racks and other small plastic, bamboo and wooden silkworm tools into the disinfection pool equipped with "Baikoteri" special disinfection and cleaning agent for more than 2 hours, then take them out and dry them in the sun.

5. Sterilization: After completing the above steps, set up the silkworm racks in the cocoon room and arrange all the silkworm tools. One day before raising silkworms, use the dry fog sterilization system of Biotech, and use the dry fog of "Batech" special disinfection and sterilization cleaning agent to kill bacteria, viruses, pathogens and harmful microorganisms in the ambient air. Close the doors and windows for more than 2 hours, and then open the doors and windows to remove the dirty air. Only then can the sterile silkworm room be completed. At the entrance to the silkworm room, set up disinfection and sterilization mats, special disinfection and sterilization pools, towels, and slippers. Wash hands and change shoes when entering the silkworm room.

Note: What is the disinfection and sterilization level?

According to the appropriate dosage (concentration) or intensity and action time of the disinfection factor to kill microorganisms, disinfection and sterilization methods can be divided into four levels of action.

1. Sterilization is a method that can kill all microorganisms (including bacterial spores) to achieve a sterilization guarantee level. Methods belonging to this category include: physical sterilization methods such as heat sterilization, ionizing radiation sterilization, microwave sterilization, plasma sterilization, and sterilization methods using disinfectants such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, and hydrogen peroxide. (Representative products include: Bioteri's special disinfectant)

2. High-level disinfection can kill various microorganisms and achieve disinfection effects by killing bacterial spores. This type of disinfection method should be able to kill all bacterial propagules (including Mycobacterium tuberculosis), viruses, fungi and their spores and most bacterial spores. Methods belonging to this category include: heat, ionizing radiation, microwaves and ultraviolet rays, as well as disinfection methods using disinfection factors such as chlorine, chlorine dioxide, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, bromine-containing disinfectants, ozone, dibromohydantoin and other methylhydantoin compounds and some compound disinfectants. (Representative products include: Biotec's special disinfectant)

3. Medium-level disinfection is a disinfection method that can kill and remove various pathogenic microorganisms other than bacterial spores, including ultrasonic waves, iodine disinfectants (iodine tincture, etc.), alcohols, combinations of alcohols and chlorhexidine, combinations of alcohols and quaternary ammonium salts (including double-chain quaternary ammonium salts), phenols and other disinfectants.

4. Low-level disinfection methods, chemical disinfectants that can only kill bacterial propagules (except mycobacteria) and lipophilic viruses, and mechanical sterilization methods such as ventilation, flushing, etc. Such as single-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants (benzalkonium bromide, etc.), biguanide disinfectants such as chlorhexidine, plant disinfectants, and metal ion disinfectants such as mercury, silver, copper, etc.

Dry fog sterilization method: It is mainly used for indoor air sterilization. Since the particles of dry fog are only 5-10 microns, the particles of sterilizer are easier to float in the air. It is currently the preferred solution for indoor air space disinfection and sterilization. The disinfection and sterilization are the most thorough (the best dry fog sterilization equipment is OFIM).

Wet fog sterilization method: Wet fog sterilization equipment is mainly used in outdoor environments, such as ground, sports field, passages, etc. Biotech sterilization equipment is developed based on the actual outdoor environment and this special application environment. The main principle is to atomize the particles of the sterilant to about 40-50 microns, so that it is not easy to float in the air, but it is easy to evenly adhere to the surface of the object, which can achieve the best disinfection and sterilization effect. (Wet fog sterilization method is produced by Biotech sterilization)

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