CATDOLL : CATDOLL: What are the technical aspects of bee breeding and management?

1. What is the latest technology in beekeeping?

1. Live frame beekeeping

The honeycombs in the movable frame beehive are movable and can be exchanged with other bee colonies; the movable frame beehive can freely control the colony strength according to needs; and the movable frame beehive can cause almost zero harm to the bee colony when extracting honey. Therefore, it is recommended to use flexible and easy-to-manage movable frame beehives for beekeeping as much as possible.

2. Proper bee breeding

Honey bees have two most critical breeding periods: spring and autumn. The purpose of spring breeding is to quickly restore the colony's strength so that it can make the most of the abundant nectar resources in spring, while the purpose of autumn breeding is to encourage the colony to quickly cultivate a large number of overwintering bees of the right age so that the colony can survive the winter smoothly. In fact, both spring and autumn breeding are inseparable from reward feeding. The specific method is to feed the colony a small amount of honey water or syrup every night during the rapid breeding period of honey bees.

3. Breeding Queen Bee

The quality of a bee colony depends to a large extent on the quality of its queen bee. Experienced beekeepers are willing to spend time and energy on breeding queen bees. Currently, the most widely used artificial queen breeding technique is queen transferring. The specific operation is to first use a queen breeding stick to make a base out of beeswax, and then place the base into the bee colony for transformation. After the base is made, use a worm transferring needle to move in 1-2 day old worker bee larvae. Finally, the queen cells with larvae are introduced into the queen breeding colony to be fed by worker bees.

4. Artificial swarming

Swarming is the main way for bees to expand their population size. There are two swarming methods: natural swarming and artificial swarming. Natural swarming is to wait for the bee colony to swarm on its own and then collect the swarms, while artificial swarming can divide the bee colony into two or more according to the beekeeper's wishes. In fact, experienced beekeepers often perform artificial swarming because natural swarming of bee colonies is almost uncontrollable, and if the swarms are not collected in time, they are very likely to be lost.

5. Strictly prevent diseases

Disease prevention and control is the difficulty and key point in bee breeding. Once a disease breaks out, it can easily destroy even a large-scale apiary. The main diseases include foulbrood and sacbrood. The main parasites include bee mites (mainly harm Italian honey bees) and nest moths (mainly harm Chinese honey bees). The main enemies include wasps, spiders, ants, etc. Therefore, beekeepers must actively do a good job in disease prevention, and if the bee colony has already been diseased, it must be dealt with in a timely manner.

2. Bee breeding and management?

When raising bees, it is necessary to establish a breeding place in a place with abundant nectar sources, good water quality, and sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. In the spring, the bees must be kept warm by covering the beehives with windproof cloth. In the summer, it is necessary to take cooling measures for the bees and place sunshade nets on the beehives to prevent the bees from dying after being exposed to the sun.

How to raise bees

1. Breeding sites

When raising bees, it is necessary to establish a breeding place in a place with good water quality, sufficient water source, and sheltered from the wind and facing the sun. In addition, different plants should be selected in different seasons to provide nectar sources for the bees and facilitate their nectar collection. For example, in spring, plants such as rapeseed or peach trees should be planted near the place.

2. Spring maintenance

Spring is the breeding season for bees. When raising bees in spring, you need to keep them warm. You can place windshield cloth on the beehive and install a heating plate under the beehive to keep the temperature inside the beehive at around 34 degrees to facilitate the breeding and growth of bees. In addition, you should clean the bees when the weather is clear.

3. Summer maintenance

The temperature is higher in summer, which affects the number and quality of eggs laid by the queen bee. When raising bees in summer, it is necessary to take cooling measures. You can place shade nets on the beehives to prevent the bees from being exposed to direct sunlight, and you should also replace the old queen bee with a new one if her reproductive ability has deteriorated.

4. Winter management

The low temperature in winter can cause the death of bees. When raising bees in winter, you need to provide them with food. You can use sugar water made by mixing sugar and water, or honey water made by diluting honey with water. In addition, you should place a double layer of warm cloth on the beehive to allow the bees to survive the winter smoothly.

3. Bee breeding technology?

1. Breeding environment

The quality of the breeding environment is very important for the growth of bees. While ensuring the beehive environment, we must also pay attention to the natural environment outside. The natural environment must ensure good permeability, no water accumulation and moderate temperature. It is best to be in small hills and mountains with trees. Then the specifications of the beehive must ensure that it is suitable for the growth of bees. There should be no holes or cracks in the beehive to prevent bee theft. It is best to keep the beehive about 50 cm above the ground, so that it can ensure light and provide shade and drainage.

2. Selection of bee species

Bees have a very long history, and thus many different species have gradually been formed, so we cannot introduce species at random. And because our native bees are now being maintained by foreign species, the country also introduces species randomly to prevent species confusion. And there are differences in the bee species in various parts of my country. For example, bees in the north have a strong ability to withstand cold and are very afraid of heat, so they are not suitable for breeding in the south. Therefore, when we introduce species, in order to ensure the purity of the bee species, we try to focus on self-retained species.

3. Feed management

When we raise bees, we must have sufficient sugar feed at all times. The most common one is honey. Honey is one of the main feeds for bees. It can enhance the physical fitness of bees and prolong the growth cycle. However, the pollen-collecting ability of Chinese bees is relatively weak. Generally, the bee colony is in a state of pollen shortage, which leads to poor reproductive capacity of Chinese bees. Therefore, we need to feed an appropriate amount of pollen and feed them enough every time at the beginning of the breeding season. Make the pollen into a paste every time you feed it, and then place it not far from the beehive, and let the bees move it back to the beehive.

4. Temperature management

Temperature is the key to the healthy growth of bees, and the best way to regulate the temperature of the beehive is the number of honeycombs. Maintaining a constant temperature in the beehive is the primary goal of temperature management. It not only improves the growth ability of young bees, but also makes it easier to clean the beehive and prevent predators from invading. Before the bee colony hibernates, sufficient feed should be prepared. When the temperature is below 6 degrees, put an appropriate amount of straw in the beehive to fill the partitions. When the temperature gradually rises, the straw can be taken out appropriately according to the actual situation to facilitate the growth and reproduction of the bees.

4. Beekeeping breeding technology?

1. Choose bee species: The adaptability of bee species in different places is different. It is recommended to keep your own species to ensure the purity of the bee species. Feed management: Mainly feed honey, and pollen can also be made into a paste for artificial feeding. Temperature management: Keep warm when the temperature is below 6℃. Prevention and control of diseases and pests: Prevention is the main thing. If diseases occur, they need to be dealt with in time.

2. When raising bees, you need to ensure that there is sufficient sugar feed at all times. The main feed for bees is honey, which is beneficial to prolong the growth cycle of bees and improve their physical fitness. Domestic bees have poor pollen collection ability, and basically the bee colonies are in a state of pollen shortage, which leads to the weak reproductive ability of Chinese bees. Therefore, they need to be fed pollen artificially. The pollen can be made into a paste for feeding, placed not far from the beehive, and let the bees move back to the beehive by themselves.

3. Before the bee colony hibernates, sufficient feed should be prepared. When the temperature is below 6°C, evenly spread the straw on the partitions in the beehive. After the temperature rises and stabilizes, in order to facilitate the growth and reproduction of the bees, all the straw can be removed according to the specific situation.

5. What are the technical knowledge and methods of beekeeping?

Step/Method 1

Collecting bees: Collecting bees mainly includes trapping wild bee colonies and collecting wild bee colonies. Trapping wild bee colonies mainly includes luring beehives and digging luring holes due to different methods. To collect wild bee colonies, you must first find the wild bee nests or clustered bee colonies. In addition, after the bee colony naturally swarms, the beekeeper is also required to be able to collect the swarmed bees in time.

Step/Method 2

Transferring bees: Transferring bees refers to transferring new bee colonies or native bee colonies into live-frame beehives. When transferring native bee colonies, all the honeycombs in the original beehives must be cut off and tied to the frames of the live-frame beehives. New bee colonies can transfer to the hives with empty honeycombs or with honeycombs borrowed from other bee colonies. However, they must be fed in time after transfer to help the colonies quickly stabilize in the hive.

Step/Method 3

Swarming: Swarming can be divided into natural swarming and artificial swarming due to different methods. Natural swarming is to wait for the bee colony to swarm on its own and then capture the swarm in time, while artificial swarming means that a bee colony is split into multiple colonies in a certain way. In addition, artificial swarming can be divided into queenless swarming, queen cell swarming, queen swarming, etc. due to different methods.

Step/Method 4

Merging colonies: Merging colonies means merging two or more bee colonies into one. The principle is to merge queenless colonies into queeny colonies, weak colonies into strong colonies, and sick colonies into healthy colonies. Due to different operations, there are two ways of merging colonies: direct and indirect. Direct merging is simple to operate but the bees are prone to fighting, while indirect merging is more troublesome but relatively safe.

Step/Method 5

Queen replacement: Queen replacement refers to the introduction of a new queen bee into a bee colony after it loses its queen. There are two methods of queen replacement: direct and indirect. Direct queen replacement is simple but prone to worker bees surrounding the queen, while indirect queen replacement is more complicated but much safer. In particular, when introducing high-quality queen bees, it is recommended to use the relatively safe indirect queen replacement method.

Step/Method 6

Disease prevention: Bee disease and pest control is the highlight of beekeeping production. In fact, in order to achieve high beekeeping yields, disease and pest control must be done well. For example, during the peak period of disease and pests, it is necessary to treat diseases if there are any, and prevent diseases if there are none. In addition, beehives, nest frames and other beekeeping tools must be disinfected regularly and wax scraps, bee corpses and other debris accumulated at the bottom of the hive must be cleaned up in time.

Step/Method 7

Feeding: Feeding technology is a key technology that must be mastered in bee breeding. There are three types of feeding, namely, supplementary feeding, reward feeding and soothing feeding, depending on the purpose. Subsidized feeding is to provide the bee colony with food to sustain its survival, reward feeding is to stimulate the queen bee to lay eggs and encourage worker bees to raise larvae, and soothing feeding is to quickly stabilize the panicked bee colony.

Step/Method 8

Queen breeding: Queen breeding technology is a technique that must be mastered when breeding high-quality queen bees. Due to different operations, there are mainly two methods: artificial selection and artificial queen breeding. Artificial selection refers to the artificial selection of bee colonies with excellent genetic characteristics as the population, while artificial queen breeding is to artificially make queen cells with beeswax and then use worm transfer needles to move in larvae to breed queen bees on a large scale.

6. What are the techniques and methods of beekeeping?

1. Choose beehives

A basic condition for raising bees is to choose suitable beehives. You should choose boxes made of solid materials and light texture. Since beehives are generally placed in the open air and bees spend most of their lives outdoors, a good environment must be provided.

2. Transfer bee colonies

First, prepare the live-frame beehive in advance, transfer the purchased bee colony or the wild trapped bees into the beehive, and generally put the honeycomb together, so that the bees can quickly adapt to the new environment and resume normal activities.

3. Subsidized feeding

During the period of honey-gathering, bees are fed supplementary food, usually starting with artificial feeding in the evening, such as pollen, sugar water, honey, etc. In winter, bees collect less honey, so the number of feedings needs to be increased. They can be fed once in the morning and once in the evening with diluted sugar water.

4. Planting plants

In the process of raising bees, a large number of flowers and plants, such as peonies, peonies, rape flowers, etc., can be planted around the site to provide sufficient nectar sources to prevent the bees from flying to distant places and reducing economic benefits.

7. Bee breeding, management and methods?

1. Cultivate into a production group as soon as possible

For newly purchased bee colonies, timely prevent and treat bee mites and other bee diseases, keep the number of bees greater than the number of combs (very important, beginners like to add combs), and keep the colony strong and disease-free. When there is a lack of nectar and pollen sources in the outside world, supplement the feed, and then reward feeding every day or every other day to stimulate the queen bee to lay more eggs. Healthy worker bees are in high spirits and can raise more strong young bees. Frequent watering in the nest not only saves "labor", but also avoids freezing to death of water-collecting bees or causing illness to the colony due to sewage collected, and can quickly develop the colony into a production colony with supers. At the same time, without breaking up the strong colony, rear the queen, organize the supers for mating, and implement the combination of production, rearing the queen, and mating.

2. Strong colony super box transfer insects to raise queens

When the bee colony develops into a super colony, natural queen cells will often appear. At this time, just let nature take its course, slightly enlarge the opening of the queen cell, take out the larvae in the cell without stirring the royal jelly, and select one-day-old larvae to move into the cell. Beginners need to practice moving larvae several times to ensure that the larvae are not harmed. If they cannot be moved, they can temporarily use a natural cell and select the best queen to keep later.

Multiple natural queen cells (preferably artificially transplanted queen cells) can be used on one comb, and all queen cells on other combs should be destroyed. Put the queen-rearing comb into the super, and place larval combs and honey-pollen combs on both sides. It is best to add a double-layer queen excluder between the nest and the super, and add a gauze cover frame (without gauze) between the two boards, so that there is a certain space between the two queen excluders to reduce the impact of the old queen on the super.

3. Stack the third box to make a crossover box

The day before the new queen comes out, add another super, open the side door or the back door, add a queen excluder between the two supers, lift the honeycomb with queen cells into the new super (i.e. the third box), and then lift two honeycombs and place them on both sides of the honeycomb with the queen cells. When the young queen comes out three days later, remove the queen excluder between the mating box and the original box, replace it with a gauze cover and add a cloth, shake off the worker bees from the two queenless honeycombs, return them to the original group, and leave one honeycomb in the mating box as an independent mating group. Observe the egg-laying situation of the new king after 10 days. If it is normal, the new king has successfully mated.

4. Swarming to increase the colony

There are two methods to isolate the proliferating population:

1. Take the new queen colony out of the original box and move it to a new location. Then add a capped comb that is about to be released from the room. After 3 days, add a second capped comb to form a production colony as soon as possible.

2. Take out the old queen with two sealed honeycombs as a new colony, and shake in two worker honeycombs, and supplement and develop them as soon as possible to become a production colony. At the same time, remove the cloth covering the mating box and the original box, leaving the gauze. After 8-12 hours, spray the whole colony with white wine syrup (500g syrup added to two small cups of white wine), put the honeycomb with the new queen in the super, spray some white wine syrup, sprinkle the mating box, and cover the beehive. Observe the queen on the next day. If she is normal, swap the supers (or the queen enters the hive), and the colony will be successfully multiplied.

8. What are the beekeeping techniques and methods?

Beekeeping requires little investment, has quick results and high returns. The technical points are as follows:

1. Site selection

There should be sufficient main and auxiliary nectar and pollen sources within a radius of 2.5 kilometers around the site, and the main and auxiliary nectar and pollen sources should be properly matched. The site should be located on a south-facing slope near a mountain, with sufficient sunlight, a high mountain as a screen, natural shade above, southerly winds in summer and northerly winds in winter, fertile soil, vigorous growth of nectar plants, long flowering period, sufficient water, and convenient transportation.

(II) Selection of bee colonies

1. Purchase time: The best time to buy in the north is April to May. This is the breeding period for bee colonies, the selection is relatively stable, and the external environment is good, making it easier to raise bees successfully.

2. Selection method: Observe at the nest entrance. If the worker bees are diligent in going in and out and collect more pollen, they are generally lively and good. Open the box and check. If the worker bees are quiet and not panic, it means they are gentle. If the queen bee is large, has thick feet, is tall, has a wide chest, a long and plump abdomen, is covered with dense hair, and lays eggs quickly and flexibly without panic, it means the queen bee is young and strong, with strong egg-laying ability.

3. Arrangement of bee colonies: It depends on the size of the site, the number of bees and the season. There are four arrangements: single-box arrangement, double-box arrangement, staggered arrangement and triple-box arrangement.

(III) Feeding

1. Supplementary feeding: artificial feeding when nectar sources are scarce. The methods are as follows: ① Supplementary feeding with honey. Honey can be diluted with 20% warm water (crystallized honey needs to be boiled with a little water). The diluted honey can be fed to the bees by gavage or poured into a frame feeder. ② Supplementary feeding with syrup. Syrup is made by adding 50% white sugar to water, which is heated and fully dissolved and then cooled to lukewarm. It is best to add 0.1% citric acid to the syrup to facilitate digestion and absorption. Brown sugar should not be used at this time.

2. Reward feeding: artificial feeding during the bee colony breeding period and the bee production period, generally give a small amount of 60% nectar or 50% syrup, once every other day in early spring, and once a day as consumption increases, starting from 40 days before the nectar flow period until a large amount of honey and pollen are collected from the outside. Each frame of bees can be rewarded with 50-100 grams of syrup each time.

3. Feeding pollen: The purpose is to supplement protein feed. In the late winter and early spring, the pollen saved in the previous autumn can be supplemented, and soybean powder can also be used instead. The feeding method is as follows: ① Liquid feeding. Add 10 times the syrup to the pollen, boil it, and put it into the feeder after it cools down. ② Cake feeding. Add the same amount of honey or syrup to the pollen or substitute pollen, stir it evenly, make it into a cake, wrap it with plastic paper, open it at both ends, and place it on the frame beam for the bees to feed. This method is often used when encountering cold currents.

4. Feeding water and salt: Generally, each bee colony needs 200 to 300 ml of water every day. Fill the feeder with water or put a wet towel on the gauze cover for the bees to collect water by themselves. Add 1% salt to the syrup.

4. Management

1. Spring management: ① Promote bees to fly and excrete. Raise the temperature in the center of the nest to 33-35℃, provide sufficient nectar and pollen sources or reward feeding, open the box cover and insulation in time, and let them fly out of the nest to excrete. ② Insulate the hive. After excretion, it enters the breeding period, and artificial heat preservation is required. Compact the hive and make the colony dense. Raise multiple colonies in the same box, and keep the box warm inside and outside. In the north, it lasts until April to May.

2. Management during the honey flow period: ① Adjust and organize the honey collection group in the early stage. ② Maintain strong groups to collect honey. Control the queen bee's egg laying. Use a queen excluder to restrict the queen bee to one area of ​​the hive or the hive. To cut off the brood and collect honey, you can take out the queen bee and 1 to 2 honeycombs from the honey collection group 5 days before the big honey flow period to form another small group. The next day, lure a mature queen cell into the honey collection group, which can greatly increase the honey production. Pay attention to the management of small groups. For those weak groups that cannot collect honey, create conditions to promote the rapid development of the group. Under the premise of appropriate honey collection, we must do a good job of reproduction in order to replenish the group.

3. Management in autumn: ① Cultivate a new queen and replace the old and inferior queen. ② Cultivate overwintering bees of appropriate age. Overwintering bees of appropriate age refer to the young bees that have emerged from the hive before overwintering, have only performed two or three excretion flights, have not done any feeding and collecting work, and have not secreted royal jelly. In order for the overwintering bees to overwinter safely, the birth of young bees born after the nectar flow period must be controlled to maintain the strength of the bee colony. The method of control is to force the queen bee to stop laying eggs at a certain time during the nectar flow period. ③ Timely early termination of spawning. In the later stage of cultivating overwintering bees, first use honey and pollen to press the combs, and pour honey 2 to 3 times, so that the queen bee will stop laying eggs. At the same time, move the bee colony to a cool place, expand the bees slightly by 1 time, and take out the pollen combs from the hive, and remove the insulation, so as to terminate the spawning early.

4. Winter management: ① Adjust the nest door. The height of the nest door should be 6-7 mm and the width should be 60-70 mm. ② Prevent honey crystallization. Strengthen insulation, or stuff some wet cotton balls into the box through the nest door to reduce ventilation. ③ Wintering indoors in the north. The beehive should be brought into the room before the water freezes and the ground is not covered with snow. When entering the room, the beehive should be 20 cm away from the wall and the first layer should be 40 cm away from the ground. The room temperature should be kept at 0-2℃ and the humidity should be kept between 75% and 80%.